The foundation of AI and ML applications in healthcare is real-world data (RWD). RWD encompasses various types of health-related information collected outside of conventional randomized clinical trials, such as electronic health records (EHRs), insurance claims, patient registries, and even data from wearable devices. Companies like Flatiron Health, Tempus, Synapse, Matrixcare, Paige AI and many others have been pioneering in harnessing RWD, to gain insights into real-world patient outcomes, enhance drug development, and ultimately inform clinical decision-making.