The term "former" refers to companies that have passed the qualification test for test driving on public roads with a driver present, the "middle" refers to companies that have passed the qualification test for test driving on public roads without a driver present, and the "latter" applies to both the former two, referring to companies or organizations involved in the development of self-driving cars and conducting test drives on public roads. Companies with the permit of the "latter" are approved to operate taxi services as commercial services.
181418060 OP : Tesla has failed the DMV road test approval exam. Scammers are aiming for backdoor approval under the guise of regulatory relaxation!