Recently, rising yields on US bonds have become a big topic of conversation. In particular, the news that US 10-year bond yields temporarily exceeded 5% on October 23 brought great turmoil to the market. But what do US bonds actually look like? This time, I will briefly tell you the basics of US bonds.
What are US bonds
US bonds are bonds issued by the American government. This is a security that promises to be repaid to our investors with interest rates in the future when the government borrows funds. In general, it is unlikely that the US government's finances will go bankrupt, so it is regarded as a low-risk, safe asset, and has garnered the trust of investors around the world.
Relationship between yield and price
As yields on US bonds rise, the price of existing bonds falls. Because new bonds offer higher interest, existing bonds (lower interest) lose their appeal. Conversely, if yields fall, prices will rise.
In addition to having a high circulation volume, US bonds also have a strong influence on the market, and they are also a standard for deciding loan and deposit interest rates and corporate bond issuance conditions for banks within the United States. Interest rates are the momentum for investment by companies and investors, and the level of mortgages...

The Dow average rebounded for the first time in 4 weeks in the US stock market until 10/12, and both the S&P 500 and NASDAQ continued to grow. In the US stock market on the 11th, all 3 major indices continued to grow for 4 days. In response to heightened geopolitical risks surrounding the Palestinian conflict, US 10-year bond yields fell sharply to 4.62% at one point on the 10th. The decline in long-term US interest rates was well received, and major US tech companies led the rise in market prices, and public utility related stocks with high defensibility were also reviewed and bought, boosting the recovery trend in the US stock market. In the interest rate futures market, the Fed Vice Chairman's comments on the direction of monetary tightening “through an increase in bond yields instead of implementing additional interest rate increases” also improved market sentiment while many people were forecasting the FF rate unchanged at both the November meeting and the December meeting. In response to the fact that the rate of increase in US September CPI announced on the morning of the 12th exceeded market expectations, US 10-year bond yields began to rise. Both of the three major indices were pushed by profit-making sales, and fell for the first time in 5 days. The 11 major S&P 500 sectors are generally higher than last week. The public utility sector was at the top of price increases of 2.49%, and the real estate sector was 2.30%...

Heightened geopolitical risks in the Middle East that blew away uncertainty about the Fed's monetary policy
With the outbreak of the Palestinian crisis on the 7th of the weekend, there is a high possibility that the uncertainty surrounding the Fed's monetary policy will be put to an end for the time being. Along with the US interest rate hike cycle that began in 2022/3, the Fed's monetary policy has always been accompanied by three uncertainties: 1. The presence or absence of further interest rate hikes (25 bp), 2. Whether there is a final interest rate hike declaration, and 3. When to cut interest rates, Mr. Powell has faced it with a stance that all of monetary policy is “dependent on data” and does not clearly answer any of them. Even at the Jackson Hole Conference held in August, Mr. Powell persevered through his ambiguous position. Three points were taken up, such as uncertainty about an appropriate interest rate level, uncertainty about the time lag in monetary policy effects, and uncertainty in the US labor market that could be inflationary pressure, etc., and Mr. Powell pointed out the three uncertainties in making monetary policy decisions. In preparation for the soft landing of the US economy, it was seen that Mr. Powell was struggling with dialogue with the market through references to various uncertainties, but he witnessed a heightened “geopolitical risk in the Middle East” due to the rekindling of the Palestine conflict, and...

The Dow average continued to fall for 3 weeks in the US stock market until 10/5, and the S&P 500 continued to fall for 5 weeks. The NASDAQ continued to grow slightly while remaining flat. Assuming that the number of job offers for the US August (JOLTS US Employment Dynamics Survey) announced on the 3rd was 9.61 million, which greatly exceeded market expectations (8.8 million cases), and a tightening of US labor supply and demand was shown, observations of prolonged financial tightening by the Fed intensified. The 10-year US bond yield hit a high level of 4.81% every day for the first time in about 16 years, and the Dow average showed a decline of over 500 dollars at one point, and continued to fall drastically for 3 days. The US IT sector, which has a high PER, was sold, and the NASDAQ fell for the first time in 5 business days. Market sentiment also worsened due to a succession of hawkish statements by US Fed members, such as support for additional interest rate hikes at the November meeting and maintaining high level FF rates for a long period of time. The number of US ADP employed people in September, which was announced on the 4th, fell far short of market expectations, and the ISM non-manufacturing business confidence index in September showed a deceleration, so buyback was entered into US bonds, the rise in long-term US interest rates came to a standstill, and the three major indices all rebounded. Ahead of the announcement of US employment statistics for September on the 6th, the 3 major US indices fell slightly on the 5th, but were almost different from the day before...

The August US Employment Dynamics Survey that triggered the rapid increase in long-term US interest rates
In the US bond market on 10/3, 10-year bond yields and 30-year bond yields all skyrocketed (bond prices fell). The 10-year bond yield, which is an indicator of long-term US interest rates, temporarily reached 4.806%, and the 30-year bond yield temporarily reached 4.950%, both of which set a high level for the first time in 16 years since 2007. The reason for the rapid increase in long-term interest rates in the US was an unexpected rapid increase in the number of US JOLTS (Employment Dynamics Survey) jobs for August announced on 10/3. The number of JOLTS jobs in August was 9.61 million, an increase of 690,000 cases compared to the 8.8 million cases predicted by the market, showing a high increase for the first time in about 2 years. The number of job offers in July was revised upward from 8.827 million to 8.92 million. Assuming that the tight US employment situation was shown, it seems that caution against additional interest rate hikes by the Fed led to a rapid increase in long-term interest rates at the November meeting. In response to the August JOLTS announcement, in the FF interest rate futures market, while the probability of leaving interest rates unchanged fell from 72.8% to 67.8% at the November meeting, the probability of a 25 bp interest rate hike rose from 27.2% to 32.4%. 　　　　　
What is the feeling that supply and demand in US labor are tight...