small today but 3 green days

Originally from the World Economic Forum, this article serves as a reference for understanding cryptocurrencies.
In the past, people often used centralized systems to store and manage records. With the emergence of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), there has been a significant change in how we store records, with the level of innovation comparable to the double-entry bookkeeping method first used in 14th century Italy. The emergence of DLT has completely changed the way financial transactions and ownership data are recorded.
Blockchain is a typical application of Distributed Ledger Technology. As a decentralized system, the members of the blockchain are usually anonymous, and there is no central entity. Each member can view and verify every data entry, which is the core operation of a distributed ledger. Ideally, a distributed ledger should have the following characteristics: accurately record every piece of information; low cost; fully decentralized to avoid centralization of power.
In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto invented blockchain technology. Since then, a large number of related innovative applications have emerged one after another, aiming to release power from centralized government institutions or monopolistic enterprises. However, the cost of achieving a decentralized blockchain community is extremely high. Research by Abadi and Brunnermeier in 2018 pointed out that the development of blockchain faces the 'trilemma' - where no ledger can simultaneously meet the following three requirements. Specifically, decentralized systems face three major drawbacks: resource waste, low measurability...