Supreme Court Overturns Chevron Ruling: Biden Administration Warns Of 'Convulsive Shock'
Supreme Court Overturns Chevron Ruling: Biden Administration Warns Of 'Convulsive Shock'
The U.S. Supreme Court has overturned a 40-year-old decision that gave the executive branch the power to rule on laws passed by Congress that were unclear.
美國最高法院推翻了一項長達40年的裁決，該裁決賦予行政部門對國會通過的不明確法律作出裁決的權力。
The decision, known as the Chevron doctrine, stems from a unanimous Supreme Court case involving the energy company in an argument over the Clean Air Act that upheld an action by the Environmental Protection Agency under then-President Ronald Reagan.
該裁決被稱爲雪佛龍原則，源於最高法院的一致案件，該案涉及該能源公司圍繞清潔空氣法案進行辯論，該案維持了時任總統羅納德·里根領導下的環境保護署的訴訟。
Since then, the Chevron decision has required judges to defer to agencies' reasonable interpretations of congressional statutes. Friday's 6-3 ruling to overturn the doctrine allows judges to decide on laws that are considered ambiguous.
從那時起，雪佛龍的裁決要求法官服從各機構對國會法規的合理解釋。週五以6比3推翻該學說的裁決允許法官就被認爲模棱兩可的法律作出裁決。
The 1984 ruling has long been in the crosshairs of conservatives and business groups who argue that it gives too much power to the executive branch, the Associated Press reported.
據美聯社報道，1984年的裁決長期以來一直受到保守派和商業團體的嚴格審查，他們認爲該裁決賦予了行政部門過多的權力。
Also Read: Supreme Court Backs Jan. 6 Rioter: Could This Affect Trump's Case?
另請閱讀：最高法院支持1月6日暴動者：這會影響特朗普的案子嗎？
The Biden administration has defended the law, warning that overturning it would be destabilizing and could bring a "convulsive shock" to the nation's legal system.
拜登政府爲該法律辯護，警告說推翻該法律將破壞穩定，並可能給該國的法律體系帶來 “震盪性衝擊”。
But groups representing the gun industry and other businesses such as tobacco, agriculture, timber and homebuilding have urged the Supreme Court to overturn the decades-old ruling.
但是，代表槍支行業和菸草、農業、木材和房屋建築等其他企業的團體敦促最高法院推翻這項長達數十年的裁決。
The Supreme Court took a close look at the Chevron ruling in January when presiding over a case brought by herring fishermen who objected to being forced to pay for federal inspections of their catch, USA Today reported.
據《今日美國報》報道，最高法院在1月份審理了一起由鯡魚漁民提起的訴訟時仔細研究了雪佛龍的裁決，他們反對被迫支付聯邦政府對其漁獲量的檢查費用。
Price Action: Makers of guns, tobacco and timber saw their stocks having mixed reactions to the Supreme Court decision by midday Friday. Smith & Wesson Brands, Inc. (NASDAQ:SWBI) slipped 2.2% to $14.45, while Olin Corporation (NYSE:OLN) edged up 0.24% to $47.74.
價格走勢：截至週五中午，槍支、菸草和木材製造商的股票對最高法院的裁決反應不一。史密斯和韋森品牌公司（納斯達克股票代碼：SWBI）下跌2.2％，至14.45美元，而奧林公司（紐約證券交易所代碼：OLN）小幅上漲0.24％，至47.74美元。
Phillip Morris International Inc. (NYSE:PM) shed 0.33% to $101.23 and British American Tobacco p.l.c. (NYSE:BTI) jumped 0.24% to $30.97. International Paper Company (NYSE:IP) slid 0.08% to $43.22 by midday on Friday.
菲利普·莫里斯國際公司（紐約證券交易所代碼：PM）下跌0.33％，至101.23美元，英美菸草有限公司（紐約證券交易所代碼：BTI）上漲0.24％，至30.97美元。截至週五中午，國際紙業公司（紐約證券交易所代碼：IP）下跌0.08％，至43.22美元。
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