Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, in his first public remarks since his hawkish news conference after the latest 75-basis-point rate hike, didn't back down an inch from his view that the Fed's key policy rate is headed to 5%. Still, after release of Powell's prepared remarks, the S&P 500 turned positive.

Powell Sees Higher Fed Terminal Rate

Despite the cooler-than-expected CPI inflation reading on Nov. 10 and subsequent signs the economy is softening, Powell's hawkish messaging has prevailed in the bond market. Fed funds futures market pricing now indicates 75% odds — double the odds a month ago — that the policy rate will reach a range of 5% to 5.25% by the June meeting.

Powell said it seems "likely that the ultimate level of rates will need to be somewhat higher than thought at the time of the September meeting."

The quarterly projections released in September showed the federal funds rate rising to 4.6%, implying a target range of 4.5% to 4.75%. Powell's view that the top rate will be higher suggests, at a minimum, a peak range of 4.75% to 5%. He made similar comments about peak rates after the early November Fed meeting.

Powell indicated that the pace of rate hikes may slow in December. But he did reiterate his message that the pace of hikes matters less than how high rates rise and how long they stay elevated.

The Fed chair, in an allusion to the chronic inflation of the 1970s, said that the historical record strongly cautions against the Fed letting its guard down too early.

Focus On Core PCE Inflation, Minus Housing

Powell downplayed the significance of the October CPI report, noting hotter-than-expected readings the prior two months. "It will take substantially more evidence to give comfort that inflation is actually declining."

Powell focused attention on the core personal consumption expenditures price index, which he said provides the best signal of where inflation is headed. At 5%, core PCE inflation, has moved up then down a bit, but has essentially shown no progress since December.

October PCE inflation data will be released Thursday morning.

Powell said that the inflation rate for new lease prices for renters has "fallen sharply." Once the bulk of leases are up for renewal, measures of housing inflation should begin to fall in 2023, he said.

But Powell highlighted another area of concern for policymakers: core services inflation excluding housing. That accounts for more than 50% of the core PCE price index, including categories such as health care, education, haircuts and hospitality.

"This may be the most important category for understanding the future evolution of core inflation are ," Powell said, because price changes are closely tied to wage growth. "The labor market holds the key" to inflation in this category, he said.

Powell added that "job growth remains far in excess" of the amount needed to keep up with population growth.

Earlier on Wednesday, the Labor Department reported that the number of job openings slipped to 10.3 million in October from nearly 10.7 million the prior month. But that still about 4.3 million jobs than unemployed workers.

Bottom line: "We have a long way to go in restoring price stability."

S&P 500 Reaction To Powell Speech

Following release of Powell's remarks at 1:30 p.m. ET, the $S&P 500 index (.SPX.US)$ reversed higher, rising 3.1%. The $Dow Jones Industrial Average (.DJI.US)$ rose by 2.1%, while the $Nasdaq Composite Index (.IXIC.US)$ composite climbed 4.4%.

Through Tuesday's close, the $S&P 500 index (.SPX.US)$ has fallen 17.5% from its all-time closing high on Jan. 3, while the $Dow Jones Industrial Average (.DJI.US)$ is down just 8%. However, the $Nasdaq Composite Index (.IXIC.US)$ remains 31.6% below its record close.