David Iben put it well when he said, 'Volatility is not a risk we care about. What we care about is avoiding the permanent loss of capital.' It's only natural to consider a company's balance sheet when you examine how risky it is, since debt is often involved when a business collapses. We note that Universal Technical Institute, Inc. (NYSE:UTI) does have debt on its balance sheet. But should shareholders be worried about its use of debt?

When Is Debt A Problem?

Generally speaking, debt only becomes a real problem when a company can't easily pay it off, either by raising capital or with its own cash flow. If things get really bad, the lenders can take control of the business. However, a more frequent (but still costly) occurrence is where a company must issue shares at bargain-basement prices, permanently diluting shareholders, just to shore up its balance sheet. Of course, the upside of debt is that it often represents cheap capital, especially when it replaces dilution in a company with the ability to reinvest at high rates of return. When we examine debt levels, we first consider both cash and debt levels, together.

What Is Universal Technical Institute's Net Debt?

As you can see below, Universal Technical Institute had US$136.7m of debt at March 2024, down from US$157.2m a year prior. However, because it has a cash reserve of US$116.9m, its net debt is less, at about US$19.8m.

A Look At Universal Technical Institute's Liabilities

The latest balance sheet data shows that Universal Technical Institute had liabilities of US$166.4m due within a year, and liabilities of US$303.0m falling due after that. Offsetting this, it had US$116.9m in cash and US$30.5m in receivables that were due within 12 months. So its liabilities total US$322.1m more than the combination of its cash and short-term receivables.

This deficit isn't so bad because Universal Technical Institute is worth US$971.1m, and thus could probably raise enough capital to shore up its balance sheet, if the need arose. However, it is still worthwhile taking a close look at its ability to pay off debt.

In order to size up a company's debt relative to its earnings, we calculate its net debt divided by its earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) and its earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) divided by its interest expense (its interest cover). The advantage of this approach is that we take into account both the absolute quantum of debt (with net debt to EBITDA) and the actual interest expenses associated with that debt (with its interest cover ratio).

With net debt sitting at just 0.30 times EBITDA, Universal Technical Institute is arguably pretty conservatively geared. And it boasts interest cover of 9.6 times, which is more than adequate. On top of that, Universal Technical Institute grew its EBIT by 78% over the last twelve months, and that growth will make it easier to handle its debt. There's no doubt that we learn most about debt from the balance sheet. But ultimately the future profitability of the business will decide if Universal Technical Institute can strengthen its balance sheet over time. So if you're focused on the future you can check out this free report showing analyst profit forecasts.

Finally, a company can only pay off debt with cold hard cash, not accounting profits. So it's worth checking how much of that EBIT is backed by free cash flow. Over the last three years, Universal Technical Institute recorded negative free cash flow, in total. Debt is usually more expensive, and almost always more risky in the hands of a company with negative free cash flow. Shareholders ought to hope for an improvement.

Our View

Universal Technical Institute's EBIT growth rate was a real positive on this analysis, as was its net debt to EBITDA. But truth be told its conversion of EBIT to free cash flow had us nibbling our nails. When we consider all the elements mentioned above, it seems to us that Universal Technical Institute is managing its debt quite well. But a word of caution: we think debt levels are high enough to justify ongoing monitoring. The balance sheet is clearly the area to focus on when you are analysing debt. But ultimately, every company can contain risks that exist outside of the balance sheet. For example - Universal Technical Institute has 1 warning sign we think you should be aware of.

If you're interested in investing in businesses that can grow profits without the burden of debt, then check out this free list of growing businesses that have net cash on the balance sheet.

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This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. We provide commentary based on historical data and analyst forecasts only using an unbiased methodology and our articles are not intended to be financial advice. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.

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