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美国
证券交易委员会
华盛顿特区20549

表格 10-Q

（标记一）
☒根据1934年证券交易法第13或15(d)节的季度报告
截至季度结束日期的财务报告2024年9月30日
或者
☐根据1934年证券交易法第13或15(d)节的转型报告书
过渡期从__________到_____________
委员会档案号码：001-341770-49677

西岸银行股份有限公司，INC。
（依据其宪章指定的注册名称）
爱荷华州42-1230603
（拟定公司）（纳税人识别号码）
3330 Westown Parkway, West Des Moines, 爱荷华州
50266
，（主要行政办公地址）(邮政编码)
注册人电话号码，包括区号: (515) 222-2300

根据证券法第12（b）节登记或将要登记的证券：

每个课程的标题交易符号注册的每个交易所的名称
普通股，无面值WTBA纳斯达克全球精选市场

请在检查标记处注明注册人（1）是否已在证券交易法第13或15（d）条所规定的过去12个月（或注册人需要提交此类报告的较短期间）内提交了所有必须提交的报告，并且（2）自过去90天以来一直受到此类提交要求的限制。

是  ☒No☐

请勾选是否在前12个月（或注册人被要求提交这些文件的较短期间）的交互式数据文件的每个文件都是根据本章节规则405和s-t法规（§232.405）要求提交的。

是  ☒没有o

请用复选标记表示注册人是否为大型加速生长型申报人、加速生长型申报人、非加速生长型申报人、较小报告公司或新兴成长型公司。请参阅《交易所法》第120亿.2条中对“大型加速生长型申报人”、“加速生长型申报人”、“较小报告公司”和“新兴成长型公司”的定义。
大型加速报告人☐
加速文件提交人☒
非加速文件提交人☐
较小的报告公司☐
新兴成长公司 ☐

如果是新兴成长型企业，请勾选复选标记，表明注册者已选择不使用延长过渡期来符合根据证券交易法第13(a)条规定提供的任何新财务会计准则。 o

请在复选标志处注明公司是否为壳公司（根据交易所法令第12b-2条的定义）。

是☐没有☒

截至2024年10月23日，此前有 16,832,632股。


西岸银行股份有限公司，INC。
指数
第I部分
项目1。
事项二
第3项。
事项4。
第二部分
项目1。
项目1A。
事项二
第3项。
事项4。
项目5。
项目6。
3
目录
第一部分 - 财务信息
项目1.基本报表
西岸银行股份有限公司及其子公司
合并资产负债表
(未经审计)


（以千为单位，除股份数和每股数据外）2024年9月30日2023年12月31日
资产
现金和存放在银行的款项$34,157 $33,245 
计息存款-存款利息123,646 32,112 
现金及现金等价物157,803 65,357 
可出售证券，按公允价值计算597,745 623,919 
联邦住房贷款银行存货，成本17,195 22,957 
贷款3,021,221 2,927,535 
信贷损失准备金(29,419)(28,342)
贷款，净额2,991,802 2,899,193 
资产和设备净值106,771 86,399 
应计利息应收款13,842 13,581 
银行拥有的人寿保险44,703 43,864 
30,679 34,303 
其他28,026 36,185 
总资产$3,988,566 $3,825,758 
负债和股东权益
负债
存款：
非利息-bearing 需求$525,332 $548,726 
活期存款438,402 481,207 
储蓄和货币市场1,605,620 1,440,076 
时间709,199 503,770 
存款总额3,278,553 2,973,779 
购买联邦基金和其他短期借款— 150,270 
次级票据，净额79,828 79,631 
联邦住房贷款银行预支款项315,000 315,000 
长期债务43,986 47,736 
应计费用及其他负债35,846 34,299 
负债合计3,753,213 3,600,715 
承诺和或有事项（注8）
股东权益
优先股，$0.00010.01面值；授权 50,000,000股； 否 在2024年9月30日和2023年12月31日，发行并流通的股份数
— — 
普通股，否面值；授权 50,000,000股； 16,832,632
和16,725,094 2024年9月30日，发行和流通的股份
分别为2024年6月30日和2013年12月31日
3,000 3,000 
额外实收资本34,960 34,197 
保留盈余275,724 271,369 
累计其他综合损失(78,331)(83,523)
股东权益合计235,353 225,043 
负债和股东权益合计$3,988,566 $3,825,758 

请参阅基本财务报表备注。
4
目录


西岸银行股份有限公司及其子公司
综合收益表
(未经审计)
 截至9月30日的三个月截至9月30日的九个月
（以千为单位，每股数据除外）2024202320242023
利息收入：
包括费用在内的贷款$42,504 $36,756 $124,400 $104,715 
证券:
应税的3,261 3,427 10,071 10,175 
806 880 2,424 2,648 
利息收入2,041 29 3,855 84 
总利息收入48,612 41,092 140,750 117,622 
利息支出:  
存款26,076 17,156 71,578 46,772 
购买联邦资金和其他短期借款115 3,165 4,248 7,508 
次级债券1,112 1,113 3,325 3,328 
联邦住房贷款银行预支款项2,748 2,329 7,791 5,212 
长期债务601 695 1,868 2,132 
总利息支出30,652 24,458 88,810 64,952 
净利息收入17,960 16,634 51,940 52,670 
信贷损失费用— 200 — 200 
信贷损失费后的净利息收入17,960 16,434 51,940 52,470 
非利息收入：  
存入资金账户的服务费459 463 1,381 1,383 
借记卡使用费500 495 1,448 1,492 
trust服务828 831 2,398 2,286 
银行拥有的人寿保险现金价值增加287 262 839 769 
银行拥有的人寿保险收益— — — 691 
贷款掉期费— 431 — 431 
其他收入285 340 938 1,116 
非利息收入总额2,359 2,822 7,004 8,168 
非利息支出:  
薪水和员工福利6,823 6,696 20,481 20,592 
租赁和设备1,926 1,359 5,225 4,008 
数据处理771 703 2,239 2,067 
科技和软件722 573 2,153 1,665 
FDIC保险711 439 1,861 1,275 
专业费用239 254 740 791 
董事费用223 196 658 652 
其他费用1,477 1,685 4,597 5,400 
总非利息支出12,892 11,905 37,954 36,450 
税前收入7,427 7,351 20,990 24,188 
所得税1,475 1,445 4,037 4,576 
净收入$5,952 $5,906 $16,953 $19,612 
 
基本每股收益$0.35 $0.35 $1.01 $1.17 
稀释每股收益$0.35 $0.35 $1.00 $1.17 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5
Table of Contents


West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(unaudited)
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Net income$5,952 $5,906 $16,953 $19,612 
Other comprehensive income (loss):  
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period22,981 (23,391)13,787 (20,561)
Income tax (expense) benefit(5,685)5,819 (3,431)5,100 
Other comprehensive income (loss) on securities17,296 (17,572)10,356 (15,461)
Unrealized gains on derivatives:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period(8,218)5,303 1,635 11,771 
Plus: reclassification adjustment for net gains realized in net income(2,697)(2,903)(8,510)(7,328)
Income tax (expense) benefit2,708 (590)1,711 (1,090)
Other comprehensive income (loss) on derivatives(8,207)1,810 (5,164)3,353 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)9,089 (15,762)5,192 (12,108)
Comprehensive income (loss)$15,041 $(9,856)$22,145 $7,504 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
6
Table of Contents


West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Accumulated
AdditionalOther
PreferredCommon StockPaid-InRetainedComprehensive
StockSharesAmountCapitalEarningsIncome (Loss)Total
Balance, June 30, 2024$— 16,832,632 $3,000 $34,322 $273,981 $(87,420)$223,883 
Net income
— — — — 5,952 — 5,952 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — — 9,089 9,089 
Cash dividends declared, $0.25 per common share
— — — — (4,209)— (4,209)
Stock-based compensation costs
— — — 638 — — 638 
Balance, September 30, 2024$— 16,832,632 $3,000 $34,960 $275,724 $(78,331)$235,353 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Accumulated
AdditionalOther
PreferredCommon StockPaid-InRetainedComprehensive
StockSharesAmountCapitalEarningsIncome (Loss)Total
Balance, June 30, 2023$— 16,725,094 $3,000 $32,642 $269,301 $(87,817)$217,126 
Net income
— — — — 5,906 — 5,906 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — — (15,762)(15,762)
Cash dividends declared, $0.25 per common share
— — — — (4,182)— (4,182)
Stock-based compensation costs
— — — 845 — — 845 
Balance, September 30, 2023$— 16,725,094 $3,000 $33,487 $271,025 $(103,579)$203,933 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Accumulated
AdditionalOther
PreferredCommon StockPaid-InRetainedComprehensive
StockSharesAmountCapitalEarningsIncome (Loss)Total
Balance, December 31, 2023$— 16,725,094 $3,000 $34,197 $271,369 $(83,523)$225,043 
Net income
— — — — 16,953 — 16,953 
Other comprehensive income,
   net of tax
— — — — — 5,192 5,192 
Cash dividends declared, $0.75 per common share
— — — — (12,598)— (12,598)
Stock-based compensation costs
— — — 1,850 — — 1,850 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes— 107,538 — (1,087)— — (1,087)
Balance, September 30, 2024$— 16,832,632 $3,000 $34,960 $275,724 $(78,331)$235,353 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Accumulated
AdditionalOther
PreferredCommon StockPaid-InRetainedComprehensive
StockSharesAmountCapitalEarningsIncome (Loss)Total
Balance, December 31, 2022$— 16,640,413 $3,000 $32,021 $267,562 $(91,471)$211,112 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle(1)
— — — — (3,626)— (3,626)
Net income
— — — — 19,612 — 19,612 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — — — (12,108)(12,108)
Cash dividends declared, $0.75 per common share
— — — — (12,523)— (12,523)
Stock-based compensation costs
— — — 2,401 — — 2,401 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes
— 84,681 — (935)— — (935)
Balance, September 30, 2023$— 16,725,094 $3,000 $33,487 $271,025 $(103,579)$203,933 
(1)Cumulative effect adjustment pursuant to adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. See Note 1 for additional information.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)20242023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income$16,953 $19,612 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Credit loss expense— 200 
Net amortization and accretion2,422 2,499 
Stock-based compensation1,850 2,401 
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance(839)(769)
Gain from bank-owned life insurance— (691)
Depreciation2,564 1,189 
Provision for deferred income taxes1,904 207 
Change in assets and liabilities:
Increase in accrued interest receivable(261)(1,610)
(Increase) decrease in other assets334 (1,936)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities4,129 (3,058)
Net cash provided by operating activities29,056 18,044 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:  
Proceeds from principal paydowns, maturities and calls of securities available for sale37,736 31,886 
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock(57,683)(90,194)
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock63,445 82,839 
Net increase in loans(93,609)(106,925)
Purchases of premises and equipment(23,568)(24,699)
Proceeds of principal and earnings from bank-owned life insurance— 2,458 
Net cash used in investing activities(73,679)(104,635)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:  
Net increase (decrease) in deposits304,774 (124,879)
Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings(150,270)61,510 
Net increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances— 160,000 
Principal payments on long-term debt(3,750)(2,500)
Common stock dividends paid(12,598)(12,523)
Restricted stock units withheld for payroll taxes (1,087)(935)
Net cash provided by financing activities137,069 80,673 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents92,446 (5,918)
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning65,357 26,539 
Ending$157,803 $20,621 
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash payments for:
Interest$84,704 $61,342 
Income taxes930 3,890 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

1.  Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by West Bancorporation, Inc. (the Company) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Although management believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented understandable, it is suggested that these interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 23, 2024. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments necessary to fairly present its financial position as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, net income, comprehensive income (loss) and changes in stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The results for these interim periods may not be indicative of results for the entire year or for any other period.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). References to GAAP issued by the FASB in these footnotes are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™, sometimes referred to as the Codification or ASC. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term are the fair value of financial instruments and the allowance for credit losses.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary West Bank and West Bank's special purpose subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In accordance with GAAP, West Bancorporation Capital Trust I is recorded on the books of the Company using the equity method of accounting and is not consolidated.

Current accounting developments:  In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. They provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update were effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope. The amendments in this update refine the scope for certain optional expedients and exceptions for contract modifications and hedge accounting to apply to derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by the discounting transition. The amendments in this update were effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. The amendment in this update extends the period of time preparers can utilize reference rate reform relief guidance in Topic 848, discussed above. ASU No. 2022-06 defers the sunset date from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The Company does not expect the updates within Topic 848 to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using Proportional Amortization Method. The ASU is intended to improve the accounting and disclosures for investments in tax credit structures. It allows reporting entities to elect to adopt for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The implementation of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.


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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The ASU incorporates certain SEC disclosure requirements into the FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM.. The amendments in the ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC’s regulations. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the Codification and not become effective for any entity. These amendments have not had an impact to the Company as of September 30, 2024.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU is intended to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation table and income taxes paid to be disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
2.  Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if the Company's outstanding restricted stock units were vested. The dilutive effect was computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes all stock-based awards were exercised and the hypothetical proceeds from exercise were used by the Company to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The incremental shares, to the extent they would have been dilutive, were included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per common share calculation. The calculations of earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are presented in the following table.

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)2024202320242023
Net income$5,952 $5,906 $16,953 $19,612 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding16,833 16,725 16,797 16,697 
Weighted average effect of restricted stock units outstanding
88 43 76 45 
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding16,921 16,768 16,873 16,742 
     
Basic earnings per common share$0.35 $0.35 $1.01 $1.17 
Diluted earnings per common share$0.35 $0.35 $1.00 $1.17 
Number of anti-dilutive common stock equivalents excluded from diluted earnings per share computation264 408 303 413 
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



3.  Securities Available for Sale

The following tables show the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of securities available for sale, by security type as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
 September 30, 2024
 Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)		Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions$229,568 $4 $(35,809)$193,763 
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)
284,773 — (49,213)235,560 
Mortgage-backed securities (1)
149,135 — (21,269)127,866 
Collateralized loan obligations28,519 25 — 28,544 
Corporate notes13,750 — (1,738)12,012 
 $705,745 $29 $(108,029)$597,745 
 December 31, 2023
 Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)		Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions$231,413 $19 $(38,427)$193,005 
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)
305,200 — (55,267)249,933 
Mortgage-backed securities (1)
157,711 — (25,873)131,838 
Collateralized loan obligations37,632 — (96)37,536 
Corporate notes13,750 — (2,143)11,607 
 $745,706 $19 $(121,806)$623,919 
(1)Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities consist of residential and commercial mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations guaranteed by FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA and SBA.

Securities with a total amortized cost of approximately $590,851 and $447,074 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, were pledged to secure access to Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances and Federal Reserve credit programs, for public fund deposits, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law or regulation.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale as of September 30, 2024, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Certain securities have call features that allow the issuer to call the securities prior to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities for collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories within the following maturity summary.
 September 30, 2024
 Amortized CostFair Value
Due after five years through ten years$67,914 $63,419 
Due after ten years203,923 170,900 
 271,837 234,319 
Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities433,908 363,426 
 $705,745 $597,745 
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



There were no sales of securities available for sale during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

The following tables show the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
September 30, 2024
 Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
 Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)		No. of SecuritiesFair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)		No. of SecuritiesFair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Securities available for sale:
State and political
subdivisions$4,023 $(84)9$188,441 $(35,725)95$192,464 $(35,809)
Collateralized mortgage
obligations— — —235,559 (49,213)71235,559 (49,213)
Mortgage-backed securities607 (8)1127,259 (21,261)26127,866 (21,269)
Corporate notes— — —12,012 (1,738)812,012 (1,738)
 $4,630 $(92)10$563,271 $(107,937)200$567,901 $(108,029)
       
 December 31, 2023
 Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
 Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)		No. of SecuritiesFair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)		No. of SecuritiesFair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Securities available for sale:
State and political
subdivisions$3,353 $(89)5$184,522 $(38,338)92$187,875 $(38,427)
Collateralized mortgage
obligations— — —249,933 (55,267)72249,933 (55,267)
Mortgage-backed securities— — —131,838 (25,873)27131,838 (25,873)
Collateralized loan obligations— — —37,536 (96)637,536 (96)
Corporate notes— — —11,607 (2,143)811,607 (2,143)
 $3,353 $(89)5$615,436 $(121,717)205$618,789 $(121,806)

If the Company intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the security is written down to fair value through income. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not have the intent to sell, nor was it more likely than not that we would be required to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position prior to recovery. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company also determined that no individual securities in an unrealized loss position represented credit losses that would require an allowance for credit losses. The Company concluded that the unrealized losses were primarily attributable to increases in market interest rates since these securities were purchased and other market conditions. Accrued interest receivable is not included in available-for-sale security balances and is presented in the "Accrued interest receivable" line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest receivable on securities was $3,291 and $3,271 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans consisted of the following segments as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
 September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial$512,884 $531,594 
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development520,516 413,477 
1-4 family residential first mortgages89,749 106,688 
Home equity17,140 14,618 
Commercial1,870,132 1,854,510 
Consumer and other14,261 10,930 
 3,024,682 2,931,817 
Net unamortized fees and costs(3,461)(4,282)
 $3,021,221 $2,927,535 

Real estate loans of approximately $1,460,000 and $1,420,000 were pledged as security for FHLB advances as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Loans are stated at the principal amounts outstanding, net of unamortized loan fees and costs, with interest income recognized on the interest method based upon the terms of the loan. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method. Loans are reported by the portfolio segments identified above and are analyzed by management on this basis. All loan policies identified below apply to all segments of the loan portfolio.

Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans

The following tables detail the changes in the allowance for credit losses (ACL) by loan segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Real Estate
CommercialConstruction and Land1-4 Family ResidentialHome EquityCommercialConsumer and OtherTotal
Beginning balance$5,106 $4,228 $643 $148 $18,143 $154 $28,422 
Charge-offs(16)— — — — — (16)
Recoveries8 3 1 1 — — 13 
Provision for credit loss expense(1)
183 66 2 25 723 1 1,000 
Ending balance$5,281 $4,297 $646 $174 $18,866 $155 $29,419 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Real Estate
CommercialConstruction and Land1-4 Family ResidentialHome EquityCommercialConsumer and OtherTotal
Beginning balance$5,291 $3,668 $704 $142 $18,420 $117 $28,342 
Charge-offs(20)— — — — — (20)
Recoveries43 10 41 3 — — 97 
Provision for credit loss expense(1)
(33)619 (99)29 446 38 1,000 
Ending balance$5,281 $4,297 $646 $174 $18,866 $155 $29,419 

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)




Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Real Estate
CommercialConstruction and Land1-4 Family ResidentialHome EquityCommercialConsumer and OtherTotal
Beginning balance$5,496 $3,284 $472 $110 $18,469 $107 $27,938 
Charge-offs— — — — — — — 
Recoveries8 — — 1 — — 9 
Provision for credit loss expense(1)
(221)467 97 — (143)— 200 
Ending balance$5,283 $3,751 $569 $111 $18,326 $107 $28,147 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Real Estate
CommercialConstruction and Land1-4 Family ResidentialHome EquityCommercialConsumer and OtherTotal
Beginning balance$4,804 $3,548 $357 $101 $16,575 $88 $25,473 
Adoption of CECL677 (234)121 (8)1,911 (9)2,458 
Charge-offs(18)— — — — — (18)
Recoveries29 — 1 4 — — 34 
Provision for credit loss expense(1)
(209)437 90 14 (160)28 200 
Ending balance$5,283 $3,751 $569 $111 $18,326 $107 $28,147 
(1)The negative provisions for the various segments are related to the decline in outstanding balances in each of those portfolio segments during the time periods disclosed, improvement in qualitative risk factors related to those portfolio segments and/or changes in economic forecasts.

The following tables present a breakdown of the ACL by segment, disaggregated based on the evaluation method as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


September 30, 2024
Real Estate
CommercialConstruction and Land1-4 Family ResidentialHome EquityCommercialConsumer and OtherTotal
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses$— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Collectively evaluated for credit losses5,281 4,297 646 174 18,866 155 29,419 
Total$5,281 $4,297 $646 $174 $18,866 $155 $29,419 
December 31, 2023
Real Estate
CommercialConstruction and Land1-4 Family ResidentialHome EquityCommercialConsumer and OtherTotal
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses$— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Collectively evaluated for credit losses5,291 3,668 704 142 18,420 117 28,342 
Total$5,291 $3,668 $704 $142 $18,420 $117 $28,342 


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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The following tables present the recorded investment in loans, exclusive of unamortized fees and costs, disaggregated based on the evaluation method by segment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


September 30, 2024
Real Estate
CommercialConstruction and Land1-4 Family ResidentialHome EquityCommercialConsumer and OtherTotal
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses$— $— $233 $— $— $— $233 
Collectively evaluated for credit losses512,884 520,516 89,516 17,140 1,870,132 14,261 3,024,449 
Total$512,884 $520,516 $89,749 $17,140 $1,870,132 $14,261 $3,024,682 
December 31, 2023
Real Estate
CommercialConstruction and Land1-4 Family ResidentialHome EquityCommercialConsumer and OtherTotal
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses$— $— $296 $— $— $— $296 
Collectively evaluated for credit losses531,594 413,477 106,392 14,618 1,854,510 10,930 2,931,521 
Total$531,594 $413,477 $106,688 $14,618 $1,854,510 $10,930 $2,931,817 


The ACL is a valuation account estimated at each balance sheet date and deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected. The Company estimates the ACL based on the underlying loans' amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the loan is originated or acquired, adjusted for collection of cash and charge-offs, as well as applicable accretion or amortization of premiums, discounts, and net deferred fees or costs. The Company's estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected restructuring. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of the ACL.

Accrued interest on loans of $10,302 and $10,292 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, was included in the "Accrued interest receivable" line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Expected credit losses are reflected in the ACL through a charge to credit loss expense. When the Company deems all or a portion of a loan to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a loan is deemed uncollectible; however, generally speaking, a loan will be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.

The Company measures expected credit losses of loans on a collective (pool) basis when the loans share similar risk characteristics and uses a cash flow based method to estimate expected credit losses for each of these pools. The Company's methodology for estimating the ACL considers available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical experience was observed.


16
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The Company uses the cash flow based model to estimate expected credit losses for all loan segments. For each of the loan segments, the Company calculates a cash flow projection using contractual terms, estimated prepayment speeds, estimated curtailment rates, and other relevant data. The Company uses regression analysis that links historical losses of the Company and its peer group to two economic metrics: national unemployment rate and 10-year treasury rate over 2-year treasury rate spread to establish the loss rates applied to the projected cash flows. For all loan segments, the Company uses a forecast period of four quarters and reverts to a historical rate after four quarters. When estimating prepayment speed and curtailment rates, the modeling is based on historical internal data.

Nonaccrual Loans and Delinquency Status

Delinquencies are determined based on the payment terms of the individual loan agreements. The accrual of interest on past due and other individually evaluated loans is generally discontinued at 90 days past due or when, in the opinion of management, the borrower may be unable to make all payments pursuant to contractual terms. Unless considered collectible, all interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. Generally, all payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied to the principal balance of the loan. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. 

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status, loans on nonaccrual status with no ACL recorded, and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by loan segment as of the dates indicated.

Total NonaccrualNonaccrual with no Allowance for Credit Losses90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
September 30, 2024December 31, 2023September 30, 2024December 31, 2023September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial$— $— $— $— $— $— 
Real estate:
Construction, land and land
development— — — — — — 
1-4 family residential first
mortgages233 296 233 296 — — 
Home equity— — — — — — 
Commercial— — — — — — 
Consumer and other— — — — — — 
Total$233 $296 $233 $296 $— $— 

There was $91 and $0 of interest income recognized on loans that were on nonaccrual for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.


17
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The following tables provide an analysis of the delinquency status of the amortized cost of loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


September 30, 2024
30-59
Days Past
Due		60-89
Days Past
Due		90 Days
or More
Past Due		Total
Past Due		CurrentTotal Loans
Commercial$— $— $— $— $512,884 $512,884 
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development— — — — 520,516 520,516 
1-4 family residential
first mortgages— — 96 96 89,653 89,749 
Home equity— — — — 17,140 17,140 
Commercial— — — — 1,870,132 1,870,132 
Consumer and other— — — — 14,261 14,261 
Total$— $— $96 $96 $3,024,586 $3,024,682 

December 31, 2023
30-59
Days Past
Due		60-89
Days Past
Due		90 Days
or More
Past Due		Total
Past Due		CurrentTotal
Loans
Commercial$— $— $— $— $531,594 $531,594 
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development— — — — 413,477 413,477 
1-4 family residential
first mortgages— — — — 106,688 106,688 
Home equity— — — — 14,618 14,618 
Commercial— — — — 1,854,510 1,854,510 
Consumer and other— — — — 10,930 10,930 
Total$— $— $— $— $2,931,817 $2,931,817 


18
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Loan Restructurings Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no loan restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no loan restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

Credit Quality Indicators

Based upon its ongoing assessment of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the Company maintains a Watch List, which includes loans classified as Doubtful, Substandard and Watch according to the Company's classification criteria. These loans involve the anticipated potential for payment defaults or collateral inadequacies. A loan on the Watch List is analyzed individually to categorize the loan to the appropriate credit risk category.

All loans are subject to the assessment of a credit quality indicator. Risk ratings are assigned for each loan at the time of approval, and they change as circumstances dictate during the term of the loan. The Company utilizes a 9-point risk rating scale as shown below, with ratings 1 - 5 included in the Pass column, rating 6 included in the Watch column, ratings 7 - 8 included in the Substandard column and rating 9 included in the Doubtful column.

Risk rating 1: The loan is secured by cash equivalent collateral.

Risk rating 2: The loan is secured by properly margined marketable securities, bonds or cash surrender value of life insurance.

Risk rating 3: The borrower is in strong financial condition and has strong debt service capacity. The loan is performing as agreed, and the financial characteristics and trends of the borrower exceed industry statistics.

Risk rating 4: The borrower's financial condition is satisfactory and stable. The borrower has satisfactory debt service capacity, and the loan is well secured. The loan is performing as agreed, and the financial characteristics and trends fall in line with industry statistics.

Risk rating 5: The borrower's financial condition is less than satisfactory. The loan is still generally paying as agreed, but strained cash flows may cause some slowness in payments. The collateral values adequately preclude loss on the loan. Financial characteristics and trends lag industry statistics. There may be noncompliance with loan covenants.

Risk rating 6: The borrower's financial condition is deficient. Payment delinquencies may be more common. Collateral values still protect from loss, but margins are narrow. The loan may be reliant on secondary sources of repayment, including liquidation of collateral and guarantor support.

Risk rating 7: The loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Well-defined weaknesses exist that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The Company is inadequately protected by the valuation or paying capacity of the collateral pledged. If deficiencies are not corrected, there is a distinct possibility that a loss will be sustained.

Risk rating 8: All the characteristics of rating 7 exist with the added condition that the loan is past due more than 90 days or there is reason to believe the Company will not receive its principal and interest according to the terms of the loan agreement.

Risk rating 9: All the weaknesses inherent in risk ratings 7 and 8 exist with the added condition that collection or liquidation, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, is highly questionable and improbable. A loan reaching this category would most likely be charged off.


19
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Credit quality indicators for all loans and the Company's risk rating process are dynamic and updated on a continuous basis. Risk ratings are updated as circumstances that could affect the repayment of an individual loan are brought to management's attention through an established monitoring process. Individual bankers initiate changes as appropriate for ratings 1 through 5, and changes for ratings 6 through 9 are initiated by management. The likelihood of loss increases as the risk rating increases and is generally preceded by a loan appearing on the Watch List, which consists of all loans with a risk rating of 6 or worse. Written action plans with firm target dates for resolution of identified problems are maintained and reviewed on a quarterly basis for all segments of loans included on the Watch List. In addition to the Company's internal credit monitoring practices and procedures, an outsourced independent credit review function is in place to further assess assigned internal risk classifications and monitor compliance with internal lending policies and procedures.

In all portfolio segments, the primary risks are that a borrower's income stream diminishes to the point that the borrower is not able to make scheduled principal and interest payments and any collateral securing the loan declines in value. The risk of declining collateral values is present for most types of loans.

Commercial loans consist primarily of loans to businesses for various purposes, including revolving lines to finance current operations, inventory and accounts receivable, and capital expenditure loans to finance equipment and other fixed assets. These loans generally have short maturities, have either adjustable or fixed interest rates, and are either unsecured or secured by inventory, accounts receivable and/or fixed assets. For commercial loans, the primary source of repayment is from the operation of the business.

Real estate loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral, and consist of loans on commercial properties and single and multifamily residences. Real estate loans are typically structured to mature or reprice every five to ten years with payments based on amortization periods up to 30 years. The majority of construction loans are to contractors and developers for construction of commercial buildings or residential real estate. These loans typically have maturities of up to 24 months. The Company's loan policy includes minimum appraisal and other credit guidelines.

Consumer loans include loans extended to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures not secured by real estate. The majority of the Company's consumer lending is for vehicles, consolidation of personal debts and household improvements. The repayment source for consumer loans, including 1-4 family residential and home equity loans, is typically wages.











20
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans by loan segment, credit quality indicator and origination year, and the current period gross write-off by loan segment and origination year, based on the analysis performed as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


Term Loans by Origination Year
As of September 30, 202420242023202220212020PriorRevolving LoansTotal
Commercial
    Pass$65,989 $92,049 $83,992 $37,970 $19,596 $42,425 $163,493 $505,514 
    Watch3,973 123 2,787 408 — — 79 7,370 
    Substandard— — — — — — — — 
  Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
     Total$69,962 $92,172 $86,779 $38,378 $19,596 $42,425 $163,572 $512,884 
Current period gross writeoffs$16 $— $4 $— $— $— $— $20 
Real estate:
  Construction, land and land development
Pass$146,668 $145,373 $88,038 $43,479 $19,492 $930 $76,536 $520,516 
Watch— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$146,668 $145,373 $88,038 $43,479 $19,492 $930 $76,536 $520,516 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
  1-4 family residential first mortgages
Pass$10,746 $25,526 $18,102 $17,241 $10,551 $5,795 $1,555 $89,516 
Watch— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— 137 — — 96 — — 233 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$10,746 $25,663 $18,102 $17,241 $10,647 $5,795 $1,555 $89,749 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
  Home equity
Pass$310 $2,755 $200 $461 $39 $23 $13,352 $17,140 
Watch— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$310 $2,755 $200 $461 $39 $23 $13,352 $17,140 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
  Commercial
Pass$183,676 $151,776 $491,024 $443,817 $335,432 $240,595 $23,226 $1,869,546 
Watch— — 334 252 — — — 586 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$183,676 $151,776 $491,358 $444,069 $335,432 $240,595 $23,226 $1,870,132 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Consumer and other
    Pass$2,506 $685 $124 $254 $21 $117 $10,554 $14,261 
    Watch— — — — — — — — 
    Substandard— — — — — — — — 
    Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
          Total$2,506 $685 $124 $254 $21 $117 $10,554 $14,261 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 


21
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Term Loans by Origination Year
As of December 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansTotal
Commercial
    Pass$147,971 $110,228 $48,291 $31,423 $6,510 $44,146 $143,025 $531,594 
    Watch— — — — — — — — 
    Substandard— — — — — — — — 
  Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
     Total$147,971 $110,228 $48,291 $31,423 $6,510 $44,146 $143,025 $531,594 
Current period gross writeoffs$37 $— $— $— $18 $— $— $55 
Real estate:
  Construction, land and land development
Pass$126,608 $114,176 $64,797 $20,210 $1,458 $— $86,228 $413,477 
Watch— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$126,608 $114,176 $64,797 $20,210 $1,458 $— $86,228 $413,477 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $39 $— $— $— $— $— $39 
  1-4 family residential first mortgages
Pass$46,766 $20,531 $19,670 $11,779 $3,663 $3,176 $663 $106,248 
Watch144 — — — — — — 144 
Substandard— — — — 296 — — 296 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$46,910 $20,531 $19,670 $11,779 $3,959 $3,176 $663 $106,688 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $40 $— $— $— $— $— $40 
  Home equity
Pass$2,804 $288 $508 $98 $138 $16 $10,766 $14,618 
Watch— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$2,804 $288 $508 $98 $138 $16 $10,766 $14,618 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
  Commercial
Pass$212,772 $519,783 $463,750 $359,032 $84,995 $195,967 $18,211 $1,854,510 
Watch— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Total$212,772 $519,783 $463,750 $359,032 $84,995 $195,967 $18,211 $1,854,510 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Consumer and other
    Pass$1,740 $211 $392 $51 $17 $126 $8,393 $10,930 
    Watch— — — — — — — — 
    Substandard— — — — — — — — 
    Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
          Total$1,740 $211 $392 $51 $17 $126 $8,393 $10,930 
Current period gross writeoffs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 







22
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Collateral Dependent Loans

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent loans where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the loans to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the loan.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, by primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

As of September 30, 2024
Primary Type of Collateral
Real EstateEquipmentOther TotalACL Allocation
1-4 family residential first mortgages$233 $— $— $233 $— 
Total$233 $— $— $233 $— 

As of December 31, 2023
Primary Type of Collateral
Real EstateEquipmentOther TotalACL Allocation
1-4 family residential first mortgages$296 $— $— $296 $— 
Total$296 $— $— $296 $— 


Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The Company's allowance for credit losses for unfunded commitments was $1,544 and $2,544 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is presented in the "Accrued expenses and other liabilities" line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is reflected in the "Credit loss expense" line of the Consolidated Statements of Income. There was a negative provision for credit losses of $1,000 for off-balance-sheet credit exposures during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and no provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

5. Derivatives

The Company has entered into various interest rate swap agreements as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk exposure on certain loans, borrowings and deposits due to interest rate movements. The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps do not represent amounts exchanged by the counterparties, but rather, the notional amount is used to determine, along with other terms of the derivative, the amounts to be exchanged between the counterparties.
23
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Interest Rate Swaps Designated as a Cash Flow Hedge: The Company had interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges with total notional amounts of $465,000 and $445,000 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had swaps with a total notional amount of $295,000 that hedge the interest payments of rolling one-month funding consisting of FHLB advances or brokered deposits. An additional forward starting swap with a total notional amount of $20,000 has a starting date in November 2024, replacing a maturing swap in the rolling funding program. Also, as of September 30, 2024, the Company had swaps with a total notional amount of $40,000 that effectively convert variable-rate long-term debt to fixed-rate debt and swaps with a total notional amount of $110,000 that hedge the interest payments of certain deposit accounts.

Derivatives Not Designated as Accounting Hedges: To accommodate customer needs, the Company on occasion offers loan level interest rate swaps to its customers and offsets its exposure from such contracts by entering into mirror image swaps with a swap counterparty (back-to-back swap program). The interest rate swaps are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value. The Company enters into a floating-rate loan and a fixed-rate swap with our customer. Simultaneously, the Company enters into an offsetting fixed-rate swap with a swap counterparty. In connection with each swap transaction, the Company agrees to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the customer on the same notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Company agrees to pay a swap counterparty the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. These transactions allow the Company’s customers to effectively convert variable-rate loans to fixed-rate loans. The customer accommodations and any offsetting swaps are treated as non-hedging derivative instruments which do not qualify for hedge accounting.

The table below identifies the balance sheet category and fair values of the Company's derivative instruments as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Cash Flow Hedges:
Gross notional amount$465,000 $445,000 
Fair value in other assets5,833 11,313 
Fair value in other liabilities(2,383)(988)
Weighted-average floating rate received5.47 %5.64 %
Weighted-average fixed rate paid3.24 %3.04 %
Weighted-average maturity in years2.42.6
Non-Hedging Derivatives:
Gross notional amount$289,009 $293,400 
Fair value in other assets11,769 14,114 
Fair value in other liabilities(11,769)(14,114)

The following table identifies the pre-tax gains or losses recognized on the Company's derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Pre-tax gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive
income $(8,218)$5,303 $1,635 $11,771 
Decrease in interest expense(2,697)(2,903)(8,510)(7,328)


24
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The Company estimates there will be approximately $9,909 reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to decrease interest expense through the 12 months ending September 30, 2025 related to cash flow hedges.

The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by interest rate swap counterparties, which is minimized by collateral-pledging provisions in the agreements. Derivative contracts with swap counterparties are executed with a Credit Support Annex, which is a bilateral ratings-sensitive agreement that requires collateral postings at established credit threshold levels. These agreements protect the interests of the Company and its counterparties should either party suffer a credit rating deterioration. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company pledged $300 and $0, respectively, of collateral to the counterparties in the form of cash on deposit. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's counterparties pledged $12,290 and $22,340, respectively, of collateral to the Company in the form of cash on deposit. The interest rate swap product with the borrower is cross-collateralized with the underlying loan collateral and therefore there is no pledged cash collateral under swap contracts with customers.

6.  Income Taxes

Net deferred tax assets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
 September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses$7,617 $7,598 
Net unrealized losses on securities available for sale26,675 30,081 
Lease liabilities682 837 
Accrued expenses227 196 
Restricted stock unit compensation925 1,185 
State net operating loss carryforward1,970 1,763 
Other 191 177 
38,287 41,837 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right-of-use assets645 795 
Deferred loan costs230 258 
Net unrealized gains on interest rate swaps851 2,547 
Premises and equipment3,317 1,657 
New markets tax credit loan453 389 
Other142 125 
5,638 5,771 
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance32,649 36,066 
Valuation allowance(1,970)(1,763)
Net deferred tax assets$30,679 $34,303 

The Company has recorded a valuation allowance against the tax effect of the state net operating loss carryforwards, as management believes it is more likely than not that these carryforwards will expire without being utilized. The state net operating loss carryforwards expire in 2024 and thereafter.

25
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



7.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
UnrealizedUnrealizedAccumulated
GainsGainsOther
(Losses) on(Losses) onComprehensive
SecuritiesDerivativesIncome (Loss)
Balance, December 31, 2023$(91,233)$7,710 $(83,523)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications10,381 1,245 11,626 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss(25)(6,409)(6,434)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)10,356 (5,164)5,192 
Balance, September 30, 2024$(80,877)$2,546 $(78,331)
Balance, December 31, 2022$(103,680)$12,209 $(91,471)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(15,441)8,879 (6,562)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income(20)(5,526)(5,546)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)(15,461)3,353 (12,108)
Balance, September 30, 2023$(119,141)$15,562 $(103,579)

8.  Commitments and Contingencies

Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk: The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations that it uses for on-balance-sheet instruments. The Company's commitments consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. 
 September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Commitments to fund real estate construction loans$214,595 $385,846 
Other commitments to extend credit510,976 641,554 
Standby letters of credit16,791 15,972 
 $742,362 $1,043,372 

West Bank previously executed Mortgage Partnership Finance (MPF) Master Commitments (Commitments) with the FHLB of Des Moines to deliver residential mortgage loans and to guarantee the payment of any realized losses that exceed the FHLB's first loss account for mortgages delivered under the Commitments. West Bank receives credit enhancement fees from the FHLB for providing this guarantee and continuing to assist with managing the credit risk of the MPF Program residential mortgage loans. The outstanding balance of mortgage loans sold under the MPF Program was $18,045 and $20,159 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Contractual commitments: The Company had remaining commitments to invest in qualified affordable housing projects totaling $1,253 and $1,649 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.


26
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Concentrations of credit risk: Substantially all of the Company's loans, commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Company's market areas. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 4. The distribution by type of loan of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution by type of loan outstanding. Standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers.

Contingencies: Neither the Company nor West Bank is a party, and no property of these entities is subject, to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to West Bank's business. The Company does not know of any proceeding contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or West Bank.

9. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts business. The Company's balance sheet contains securities available for sale and derivative instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value is as follows:

    Level 1 uses quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

    Level 2 uses observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

    Level 3 uses unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The Company's policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the end of each reporting period, if applicable. There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Securities available for sale: When available, quoted market prices are used to determine the fair value of securities (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, the Company determines fair value based on various sources and may apply matrix pricing with observable prices for similar bonds where a price for the identical bond is not observable (Level 2). The fair values of these securities are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data such as interest rate volatilities, yield curves, credit spreads, prices from market makers and live trading systems.

Management obtains the fair value of securities at the end of each reporting period via a third-party pricing service. Management reviewed the valuation process used by the third party and believed the process was valid. On a quarterly basis, management corroborates the fair values of securities by obtaining pricing from an independent financial market data vendor and comparing the two sets of fair values. Any significant variances are reviewed and investigated. For a sample of securities, prices are further validated by management by obtaining details of the inputs used by the pricing service. Those inputs were independently tested, and management concluded the fair values were consistent with GAAP requirements and the securities were properly classified in the fair value hierarchy.


27
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Derivative instruments: The Company's derivative instruments consist of interest rate swaps accounted for as cash flow hedges, as well as interest rate swaps which are accounted for as non-hedging derivatives. The Company's derivative positions are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued using models generally accepted in the financial services industry and that use actively quoted or observable market input values from external market data providers and/or non-binding broker-dealer quotations. The fair value of the derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow models. These models’ key assumptions include the contractual terms of the respective contract along with significant observable inputs, including interest rates, yield curves, nonperformance risk and volatility.

The following tables present the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
 September 30, 2024
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions$193,763 $— $193,763 $— 
Collateralized mortgage obligations235,560 — 235,560 — 
Mortgage-backed securities127,866 — 127,866 — 
Collateralized loan obligations28,544 — 28,544 — 
Corporate notes12,012 — 12,012 — 
Derivative instruments, interest rate swaps17,602 — 17,602 — 
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instruments, interest rate swaps$14,152 $— $14,152 $— 
 December 31, 2023
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Securities available for sale:    
State and political subdivisions$193,005 $— $193,005 $— 
Collateralized mortgage obligations249,933 — 249,933 — 
Mortgage-backed securities131,838 — 131,838 — 
Collateralized loan obligations37,536 — 37,536 — 
Corporate notes11,607 — 11,607 — 
Derivative instruments, interest rate swaps25,427 — 25,427 — 
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instruments, interest rate swaps$15,102 $— $15,102 $— 


28
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. That is, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). Individually evaluated loans that are deemed to have impairment are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are recorded at fair value, which is based on the value of the collateral securing these loans. As of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no individually evaluated loans with a fair value adjustment.

In determining the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral of individually evaluated loans, the Company primarily uses third-party appraisals or broker opinions which may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and include consideration of variations in location, size, and income production capacity of the property. Additionally, the appraisals are periodically further adjusted by the Company in consideration of charges that may be incurred in the event of foreclosure and are based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in business factors and changes in market conditions. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of collateral underlying individually evaluated loans and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, the Company considers the fair value of individually evaluated loans to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.

GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. The following table presents the carrying amounts and approximate fair values of financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. 

September 30, 2024
 Carrying AmountApproximate Fair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks$34,157 $34,157 $34,157 $— $— 
Interest-bearing deposits123,646 123,646 123,646 — — 
Securities available for sale597,745 597,745 — 597,745 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock17,195 17,195 17,195 — — 
Loans, net2,991,802 2,953,129 — 2,953,129 — 
Accrued interest receivable13,842 13,842 13,842 — — 
Interest rate swaps17,602 17,602 — 17,602 — 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$3,278,553 $3,277,773 $— $3,277,773 $— 
Subordinated notes, net79,828 64,129 — 64,129 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances315,000 315,000 — 315,000 — 
Long-term debt43,986 43,986 — 43,986 — 
Accrued interest payable10,794 10,794 10,794 — — 
Interest rate swaps14,152 14,152 — 14,152 — 
29
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



December 31, 2023
 Carrying AmountApproximate Fair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks$33,245 $33,245 $33,245 $— $— 
Interest-bearing deposits32,112 32,112 32,112 — — 
Securities available for sale623,919 623,919 — 623,919 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock22,957 22,957 22,957 — — 
Loans, net2,899,193 2,813,188 — 2,813,188 — 
Accrued interest receivable13,581 13,581 13,581 — — 
Interest rate swaps25,427 25,427 — 25,427 — 
Financial liabilities:
Deposits$2,973,779 $2,971,562 $— $2,971,562 $— 
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings150,270 150,270 150,270 — — 
Subordinated notes, net79,631 65,039 — 65,039 — 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances315,000 315,000 — 315,000 — 
Long-term debt47,736 47,736 — 47,736 — 
Accrued interest payable6,688 6,688 6,688 — — 
Interest rate swaps15,102 15,102 — 15,102 — 
30
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West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

"SAFE HARBOR" CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to the Company’s business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meanings of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by the words “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “future,” “confident,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “strategy,” “plan,” “opportunity,” “will be,” “will likely result,” “will continue” or similar references, or references to estimates, predictions or future events. Such forward-looking statements are based upon certain underlying assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Because of the possibility that the underlying assumptions are incorrect or do not materialize as expected in the future, actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that may affect future results include: interest rate risk, including the effects of changes in interest rates; fluctuations in the values of the securities held in our investment portfolio, including as a result of rising interest rates; competitive pressures, including from non-bank competitors such as credit unions, "fintech" companies and digital asset service providers; pricing pressures on loans and deposits; our ability to successfully manage liquidity risk; changes in credit and other risks posed by the Company’s loan portfolio, including declines in commercial or residential real estate values or changes in the allowance for credit losses dictated by new market conditions, accounting standards or regulatory requirements; the concentration of large deposits from certain clients, including those who have balances above current FDIC insurance limits; changes in local, national and international economic conditions, including the level and impact of inflation and possible recession; the effects of recent developments and events in the financial services industry, including the large-scale deposit withdrawals over a short period of time that resulted in recent bank failures; changes in legal and regulatory requirements, limitations and costs, including in response to the recent bank failures; changes in customers’ acceptance of the Company’s products and services; the occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches or failures of our or our third-party partners' information security controls or cyber-security related incidents, including as a result of sophisticated attacks using artificial intelligence and similar tools; unexpected outcomes of existing or new litigation involving the Company; the monetary, trade and other regulatory policies of the U.S. government; acts of war or terrorism, including the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, widespread disease or pandemics, or other adverse external events; risks related to climate change and the negative impact it may have on our customers and their business; changes to U.S. tax laws, regulations and guidance; potential changes in federal policy and at regulatory agencies as a result of the upcoming 2024 presidential election; talent and labor shortages; and any other risks described in the “Risk Factors” sections of this and other reports filed by the Company with the SEC. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update such forward-looking statements to reflect current or future events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The discussion and analysis of the Company's financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. These estimates are based upon historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The estimates and judgments that management believes involve the most complex and subjective estimates and judgments and have the greatest effect on the Company's reported financial position and results of operations are described as critical accounting policies in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC on February 23, 2024. There have been no significant changes in the critical accounting policies or the assumptions and judgments utilized in applying these policies since December 31, 2023.

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West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

This report contains references to financial measures that are not defined in GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures include the Company’s presentation of net interest income and net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis, and the presentation of the efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis, excluding certain income and expenses. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to both management and investors to analyze and evaluate the Company’s financial performance. These measures are considered standard measures of comparison within the banking industry. Additionally, management believes providing measures on a FTE basis enhances the comparability of income arising from taxable and nontaxable sources. Limitations associated with non-GAAP financial measures include the risks that persons might disagree as to the appropriateness of items included in these measures and that different companies might calculate these measures differently. These non-GAAP disclosures should not be considered an alternative to the Company’s GAAP results for the periods indicated.

The following table reconciles the non-GAAP financial measures of net interest income and net interest margin on a FTE basis and efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis to their most directly comparable measures under GAAP.

 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024202320242023
Reconciliation of net interest income and net interest margin on a FTE basis to GAAP:
Net interest income (GAAP)$17,960 $16,634 $51,940 $52,670 
Tax-equivalent adjustment (1)
29 113 166 396 
Net interest income on a FTE basis (non-GAAP)17,989 16,747 52,106 53,066 
Average interest-earning assets3,749,688 3,478,053 3,692,647 3,458,606 
Net interest margin on a FTE basis (non-GAAP)1.91 %1.91 %1.88 %2.05 %
Reconciliation of efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis to GAAP:
Net interest income on a FTE basis (non-GAAP)$17,989 $16,747 $52,106 $53,066 
Noninterest income2,359 2,822 7,004 8,168 
Adjustment for losses on disposal of premises and equipment, net26 3 47 5 
Adjusted income20,374 19,572 59,157 61,239 
Noninterest expense12,892 11,905 37,954 36,450 
Efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis (non-GAAP)(2)
63.28 %60.83 %64.16 %59.52 %
(1)    Computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent, adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt securities and loans. Management believes the presentation of this non-GAAP measure provides supplemental useful information for proper understanding of the financial results, as it enhances the comparability of income arising from taxable and nontaxable sources.
(2)     The efficiency ratio expresses noninterest expense as a percent of fully taxable equivalent net interest income and noninterest income, excluding specific noninterest income and expenses. Management believes the presentation of this non-GAAP measure provides supplemental useful information for proper understanding of the Company's financial performance. It is a standard measure of comparison within the banking industry. A lower ratio is more desirable.

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West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
OVERVIEW

The following discussion describes the consolidated operations and financial condition of the Company, West Bank and West Bank's special purpose subsidiaries (which are invested in new markets tax credit activities). Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are compared to the results for the same periods in 2023, and the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of September 30, 2024 is compared to that as of December 31, 2023. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 23, 2024.

The Company conducts business from its headquarters building in West Des Moines, Iowa and through its branch offices in central Iowa, which is generally the greater Des Moines metropolitan area; eastern Iowa, which is the area including and surrounding Iowa City and Coralville; and southern Minnesota, which includes the cities of Rochester, Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud.

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $5,952, or $0.35 per diluted common share, compared to $5,906, or $0.35 per diluted common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The Company's annualized return on average assets and return on average equity for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were 0.60 percent and 10.41 percent, respectively, compared to 0.64 percent and 10.89 percent, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased $1,326, or 8.0 percent, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to the increase in interest income on loans and decrease in interest expense on federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings, partially offset by the increase in interest expense on deposits.

Noninterest income decreased $463 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, due to $431 in loan swap fees earned during the three months ended September 30, 2023. Noninterest expense increased $987 during the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increases in occupancy and equipment, technology and software expense and FDIC insurance, partially offset by a decrease in business development expenses.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $16,953, or $1.00 per diluted common share, compared to $19,612, or $1.17 per diluted common share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company's annualized return on average assets and return on average equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were 0.59 percent and 10.18 percent, respectively, compared to 0.72 percent and 12.22 percent, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 declined $730, or 1.4 percent, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in net interest income was primarily due to the increase in interest expense on deposits, resulting from rising short-term interest rates and changes in deposit mix, partially offset by an increase in interest income on loans.

Noninterest income decreased $1,164 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to loan swap fees and a nonrecurring gain from bank-owned life insurance in 2023. Noninterest expense increased $1,504 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increases in occupancy and equipment, technology and software expense and FDIC insurance, partially offset by a decrease in business development expenses.

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses on loans of $1,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $200 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The provision for credit losses recorded in 2024 was due to changes in the forecasted loss rates, driven by increases in the forecasted unemployment rates. The Company also recorded a negative provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $1,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to no provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The negative provision for unfunded commitments recorded in 2024 was due to the decrease in balances of unfunded commitments resulting primarily from the funding of construction loans.

33
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Total loans outstanding increased $93,686, or 3.2 percent, during the first nine months of 2024. The credit quality of the loan portfolio remained strong, as evidenced by the Company's ratio of nonperforming loans to total assets of 0.01 percent as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. As of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the allowance for credit losses was 0.97 percent of total outstanding loans. Management believed the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2024 was adequate to absorb expected losses in the loan portfolio as of that date.

On a quarterly basis, the Company compares three key performance metrics to those of our identified peer group. The peer group for 2024 consists of 21 Midwestern, publicly traded financial institutions, including Bank First Corporation, Bridgewater Bancshares Inc., ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc., Civista Bancshares, Inc., CrossFirst Bankshares, Inc., Equity Bancshares, Inc., Farmers National Banc Corp., Farmers & Merchants Bancorp., First Business Financial Services, Inc., First Financial Corp., First Mid Bancshares, Inc., German American Bancorp, Inc., HBT Financial Inc., Hills Bancorporation, Isabella Bank Corporation, LCNB Corp., Mercantile Bank Corporation, MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc., Nicolet Bankshares, Inc., Peoples Bancorp, Inc., and Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. The Company is in the middle of the group in terms of asset size. The Company's goal is to perform at or near the top of this peer group relative to what we consider to be three key metrics: return on average equity, efficiency ratio and nonperforming assets to total assets. We believe these measures encompass the factors that define the performance of a community bank. Company and peer results for the key financial performance measures are summarized below.

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Peer Group Range(2)
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024
Return on average equity10.18%10.07%2.37% - 15.11%
Efficiency ratio(1)
64.16%64.62%47.40% - 79.76%
Nonperforming assets to total assets0.01%0.01%0.01% - 0.65%
(1) The efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this report.
(2) Latest data available.

At its meeting on October 23, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per common share. The dividend is payable on November 20, 2024, to stockholders of record on November 6, 2024.

34
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table shows selected financial results and measures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared with the same periods in 2023. 
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20242023ChangeChange %20242023ChangeChange %
Net income$5,952 $5,906 $46 0.78 %$16,953 $19,612 $(2,659)(13.56)%
Average assets3,973,824 3,679,541 294,283 8.00 %3,916,919 3,647,777 269,142 7.38 %
Average stockholders' equity227,513 215,230 12,283 5.71 %222,392 214,599 7,793 3.63 %
Return on average assets0.60 %0.64 %(0.04)%0.59 %0.72 %(0.13)% 
Return on average equity10.41 %10.89 %(0.48)%10.18 %12.22 %(2.04)% 
Net interest margin (1)
1.91 %1.91 %— %1.88 %2.05 %(0.17)%
Efficiency ratio (1) (2)
63.28 %60.83 %2.45 %64.16 %59.52 %4.64 %
Dividend payout ratio70.71 %70.79 %(0.08)%74.31 %63.85 %10.46 % 
Average equity to average assets ratio
5.73 %5.85 %(0.12)%5.68 %5.88 %(0.20)% 
As of September 30,
20242023Change
Nonperforming assets to total assets (2)
0.01 %0.01 %— %
Equity to assets ratio5.90 %5.51 %0.39 % 
Tangible common equity ratio5.90 %5.51 %0.39 % 
(1) Amounts are presented on a FTE basis. These are non-GAAP financial measures. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this report.
(2) A lower ratio is more desirable.

Definitions of ratios:
•Return on average assets - annualized net income divided by average assets.
•Return on average equity - annualized net income divided by average stockholders' equity.
•Net interest margin - annualized tax-equivalent net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
•Efficiency ratio - noninterest expense (excluding other real estate owned expense and write-down of premises) divided by noninterest income (excluding net securities gains/losses and gains/losses on disposition of premises and equipment) plus tax-equivalent net interest income.
•Dividend payout ratio - dividends paid to common stockholders divided by net income.
•Average equity to average assets ratio - average equity divided by average assets.
•Nonperforming assets to total assets - total nonperforming assets divided by total assets.
•Equity to assets ratio - equity divided by assets.
•Tangible common equity ratio - common equity less intangible assets (none held) divided by tangible assets.


35
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net Interest Income

The following tables present average balances and related interest income or interest expense, with the resulting annualized average yield or rate by category of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities. Interest income and the resulting net interest income
are shown on a FTE basis.

Data for the three months ended September 30:
Average BalanceInterest Income/ExpenseYield/Rate
 20242023ChangeChange-
%		20242023ChangeChange-
%		20242023Change
Interest-earning assets:
Loans: (1) (2)
Commercial$507,127 $525,596 $(18,469)(3.51)%$8,514 $8,332 $182 2.18 %6.68 %6.29 %0.39 %
Real estate (3)
2,469,145 2,278,129 191,016 8.38 %33,721 28,310 5,411 19.11 %5.43 %4.93 %0.50 %
Consumer and other15,000 9,488 5,512 58.09 %282 173 109 63.01 %7.48 %7.24 %0.24 %
Total loans2,991,272 2,813,213 178,059 6.33 %42,517 36,815 5,702 15.49 %5.65 %5.19 %0.46 %
           
Securities:           
Taxable468,100 514,488 (46,388)(9.02)%3,261 3,427 (166)(4.84)%2.79 %2.66 %0.13 %
Tax-exempt (3)
141,214 148,531 (7,317)(4.93)%822 934 (112)(11.99)%2.33 %2.52 %(0.19)%
Total securities609,314 663,019 (53,705)(8.10)%4,083 4,361 (278)(6.37)%2.68 %2.63 %0.05 %
           
Interest-bearing deposits149,102 1,821 147,281 8,087.92 %2,041 29 2,012 6,937.93 %5.45 %6.36 %(0.91)%
Total interest-earning assets(3)
$3,749,688 $3,478,053 $271,635 7.81 %48,641 41,205 7,436 18.05 %5.16 %4.70 %0.46 %
            
Interest-bearing liabilities:           
Deposits:           
Interest-bearing demand$453,589 $434,649 $18,940 4.36 %2,167 1,680 487 28.99 %1.90 %1.53 %0.37 %
Savings and money market1,609,695 1,329,963 279,732 21.03 %15,566 11,080 4,486 40.49 %3.85 %3.31 %0.54 %
Time deposits665,938 427,545 238,393 55.76 %8,343 4,396 3,947 89.79 %4.98 %4.08 %0.90 %
Total deposits2,729,222 2,192,157 537,065 24.50 %26,076 17,156 8,920 51.99 %3.80 %3.10 %0.70 %
Borrowed Funds:
Federal funds purchased and
other short-term borrowings8,132 248,065 (239,933)(96.72)%115 3,165 (3,050)(96.37)%5.62 %5.06 %0.56 %
Subordinated notes, net79,792 79,533 259 0.33 %1,112 1,113 (1)(0.09)%5.55 %5.55 %— %
Federal Home Loan Bank
advances315,000 302,119 12,881 4.26 %2,748 2,329 419 17.99 %3.47 %3.06 %0.41 %
Long-term debt44,407 49,448 (5,041)(10.19)%601 695 (94)(13.53)%5.38 %5.57 %(0.19)%
Total borrowed funds447,331 679,165 (231,834)(34.14)%4,576 7,302 (2,726)(37.33)%4.07 %4.27 %(0.20)%
Total interest-bearing
liabilities$3,176,553 $2,871,322 $305,231 10.63 %30,652 24,458 6,194 25.33 %3.84 %3.38 %0.46 %
            
Net interest income (FTE) (4)
  $17,989 $16,747 $1,242 7.42 %   
Net interest spread (FTE)       1.32 %1.32 %— %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
       1.91 %1.91 %— %
36
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Data for the nine months ended September 30:
Average BalanceInterest Income/ExpenseYield/Rate
 20242023ChangeChange-
%		20242023ChangeChange-
%		20242023Change
Interest-earning assets:
Loans: (1) (2)
Commercial$525,870 $524,231 $1,639 0.31 %$26,266 $23,867 $2,399 10.05 %6.67 %6.09 %0.58 %
Real estate (3)
2,438,739 2,247,851 190,888 8.49 %97,438 80,584 16,854 20.91 %5.34 %4.79 %0.55 %
Consumer and other13,916 8,852 5,064 57.21 %785 453 332 73.29 %7.53 %6.84 %0.69 %
Total loans2,978,525 2,780,934 197,591 7.11 %124,489 104,904 19,585 18.67 %5.58 %5.04 %0.54 %
           
Securities:           
Taxable478,742 526,259 (47,517)(9.03)%10,071 10,175 (104)(1.02)%2.80 %2.58 %0.22 %
Tax-exempt (3)
141,354 149,497 (8,143)(5.45)%2,501 2,855 (354)(12.40)%2.36 %2.55 %(0.19)%
Total securities620,096 675,756 (55,660)(8.24)%12,572 13,030 (458)(3.51)%2.70 %2.57 %0.13 %
            
Interest-bearing deposits94,026 1,916 92,110 4,807.41 %3,855 84 3,771 4,489.29 %5.48 %5.86 %(0.38)%
Total interest-earning assets (3)
$3,692,647 $3,458,606 $234,041 6.77 %140,916 118,018 22,898 19.40 %5.10 %4.56 %0.54 %
            
Interest-bearing liabilities:           
Deposits:           
Interest-bearing demand$460,005 $472,729 $(12,724)(2.69)%6,550 4,882 1,668 34.17 %1.90 %1.38 %0.52 %
Savings and money market1,504,553 1,332,933 171,620 12.88 %42,054 30,714 11,340 36.92 %3.73 %3.08 %0.65 %
Time622,105 420,513 201,592 47.94 %22,974 11,176 11,798 105.57 %4.93 %3.55 %1.38 %
Total deposits2,586,663 2,226,175 360,488 16.19 %71,578 46,772 24,806 53.04 %3.70 %2.81 %0.89 %
Borrowed funds:
Federal funds purchased and
other short-term borrowings101,166 207,034 (105,868)(51.14)%4,248 7,508 (3,260)(43.42)%5.61 %4.85 %0.76 %
Subordinated notes, net79,726 79,466 260 0.33 %3,325 3,328 (3)(0.09)%5.57 %5.60 %(0.03)%
Federal Home Loan Bank
advances315,000 249,011 65,989 26.50 %7,791 5,212 2,579 49.48 %3.30 %2.80 %0.50 %
Long-term debt45,674 50,538 (4,864)(9.62)%1,868 2,132 (264)(12.38)%5.46 %5.64 %(0.18)%
Total borrowed funds541,566 586,049 (44,483)(7.59)%17,232 18,180 (948)(5.21)%4.25 %4.15 %0.10 %
Total interest-bearing
liabilities$3,128,229 $2,812,224 $316,005 11.24 %88,810 64,952 23,858 36.73 %3.79 %3.09 %0.70 %
            
Net interest income (FTE) (4)
  $52,106 $53,066 $(960)(1.81)%   
Net interest spread (FTE)        1.31 %1.47 %(0.16)%
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
       1.88 %2.05 %(0.17)%
(1)Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans has been included.
(2)Interest income on loans includes amortization of loan fees and costs and prepayment penalties collected, which are not material.
(3)Tax-exempt income has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent and is adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt securities and loans.
(4)Net interest income (FTE) and net interest margin (FTE) are non-GAAP financial measures. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this report.


37
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The Company's largest component of net income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets, consisting primarily of loans and securities, and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, consisting of deposits and borrowings. Fluctuations in net interest income can result from the combination of changes in the average balances of asset and liability categories and changes in interest rates. Interest rates earned and paid are also affected by general economic conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates, and by competitive factors, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. The Federal Reserve increased the target federal funds interest rate by a total of 425 basis points in 2022 and an additional 100 basis points in 2023. In September 2024, the Federal Reserve reduced the target federal funds interest rate by 50 basis points. The timing and extent of additional interest rate reductions is not known at this time.

Net interest margin on a FTE basis, a non-GAAP financial measure, is a measure of the net return on interest-earning assets and is computed by dividing annualized tax-equivalent net interest income by total average interest-earning assets for the period. The net interest margin for both the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 was 1.91 percent, while the net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by 17 basis points, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Tax-equivalent net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased $1,242 when compared to the same period in 2023, and decreased $960 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Tax-equivalent interest income on loans increased $5,702 and $19,585 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. This increase in interest income on loans was driven by a combination of an increase in the average balance of loans and an increase in loan yields. The average balance of loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 increased $178,059 and $197,591, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, while loan yields increased 46 and 54 basis points, respectively, during these periods. Higher market interest rates in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 have resulted in higher rates on variable-rate loans and loan originations and renewals compared to current portfolio rates. The yield on the Company's loan portfolio is affected by the portfolio's loan mix, the interest rate environment, the effects of competition, the level of nonaccrual loans and reversals of previously accrued interest on charged-off loans. The yield on the loan portfolio is expected to increase in flat and rising rate environments as variable-rate loans reprice at higher rates and renewals and new originations are priced at prevailing market rates, which exceed the roll-off rate of principal repayments on existing loans. In a declining rate environment, the yield on variable-rate loans will decline, however as long as market rates remain higher than the yield on the fixed rate portfolio, renewals and originations will continue to increase the yield on the fixed-rate portfolio. The political and economic environments can also influence the volume of new loan originations and the mix of variable-rate versus fixed-rate loans.

The average balance of deposits increased $537,065 and $360,488 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. The rate paid on deposits increased 70 and 89 basis points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. The increase in the cost of deposits was primarily due to increases in deposit interest rates in response to increases in the target federal funds rate that occurred in 2023, the inverted yield curve, increased competition for deposit balances, and changes in deposit mix.

Interest expense on borrowed funds decreased $2,726 and $948 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average balance of borrowed funds decreased $231,834 and $44,483 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average balance of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings decreased $239,933 and $105,868 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2023 primarily due to increases in deposits. The average rate paid on federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings increased 56 and 76 basis points in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. This increase in average rates paid on federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings was driven by the higher federal funds rate in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The average balance of FHLB advances increased by $65,989 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This increase in average balances was primarily due to an increase in rolling one-month FHLB advances that are hedged with long-term interest rate swap agreements to provide fixed cost wholesale funding.

38
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Credit Loss Expense and the Related Allowance for Credit Losses

The credit loss expense recorded on the income statement represents a charge made to earnings to maintain an adequate allowance for credit losses. The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is evaluated quarterly by management and reviewed by the Board of Directors. The allowance for credit losses is management's estimate of expected lifetime losses in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The Company recorded a credit loss expense for loans of $1,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to a credit loss expense for loans of $200 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The credit loss expense for loans in 2024 was primarily due to the changes in the forecasted loss rates due to increases in forecasted unemployment rates. Additionally, the Company recorded a negative credit loss expense of $1,000 related to unfunded commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to decreases in the balance of unfunded commitments resulting primarily from the funding of construction loans. Management believed the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2024 was adequate to absorb expected losses in the loan portfolio as of that date.

Factors management considers in establishing an appropriate allowance include: the borrower's financial condition; the value and adequacy of loan collateral; the condition of the local economy and the borrower's specific industry; the levels and trends of loans by segment; and a review of delinquent and classified loans. The quarterly evaluation of the allowance focuses on factors such as specific loan reviews, changes in the components of the loan portfolio given the current and forecasted economic conditions, and historical loss experience. Any one of the following conditions may result in the review of a specific loan: concern about whether the customer's cash flow or net worth is sufficient to repay the loan; delinquency status; criticism of the loan in a regulatory examination; the suspension of interest accrual; or other factors, including whether the loan has other special or unusual characteristics that suggest special monitoring is warranted. The Company's concentration risks include geographic concentrations in central and eastern Iowa and southern Minnesota. The local economies in those markets are composed primarily of major financial service companies, healthcare providers, educational institutions, technology and agribusiness companies, and state and local governments.

West Bank has a significant portion of its loan portfolio in commercial real estate loans, commercial lines of credit, commercial term loans, and construction and land development loans. West Bank's typical commercial borrower is a small- or medium-sized, privately owned business entity. Compared to residential mortgages or consumer loans, commercial loans typically have larger balances and repayment usually depends on the borrowers' successful business operations. Commercial loans generally are not fully repaid over the loan period and may require refinancing or a large payoff at maturity. When the economy turns downward, commercial borrowers may not be able to repay their loans, and the value of their assets, which are usually pledged as collateral, may decrease rapidly and significantly. 

While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, further reduction in the carrying amounts of loans may be necessary based on changes in circumstances, changes in the overall economy in the markets we currently serve, or later acquired information. Identifiable sectors within the general economy are subject to additional volatility, which at any time may have a substantial impact on the loan portfolio. In addition, regulatory agencies, as integral parts of their examination processes, periodically review the credit quality of the loan portfolio and the level of the allowance for credit losses. Such agencies may require West Bank to recognize additional charge-offs or provisions for credit losses based on such agencies' review of information available to them at the time of their examinations.


39
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
West Bank's policy is to charge off loans when, in management's opinion, a loan or a portion of a loan is deemed uncollectible. Commercially reasonable efforts are made to maximize subsequent recoveries. The following table summarizes the activity in the Company's allowance for credit losses on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and related ratios.

 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20242023Change20242023Change
Balance at beginning of period$28,422 $27,938 $484 $28,342 $25,473 $2,869 
Adoption of CECL— — — — 2,458 (2,458)
Charge-offs(16)— (16)(20)(18)(2)
Recoveries13 9 4 97 34 63 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(3)9 (12)77 16 61 
Provision for credit losses charged
(credited) to operations1,000 200 800 1,000 200 800 
Balance at end of period$29,419 $28,147 $1,272 $29,419 $28,147 $1,272 
Average loans outstanding$2,991,272 $2,813,213 $2,978,525 $2,780,934 
Ratio of annualized net (charge-offs)
recoveries during the period to average
loans outstanding0.00 %0.00 %0.00 %0.00 %
Ratio of allowance for credit losses for
 loans to average loans outstanding0.98 %1.00 %0.99 %1.01 %
Ratio of allowance for credit losses for
 loans to total loans at end of period0.97 %0.99 %0.97 %0.99 %



40
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Noninterest Income

The following tables show the variance from the prior year in the noninterest income categories shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Three Months Ended September 30,
Noninterest income:20242023ChangeChange %
Service charges on deposit accounts$459 $463 $(4)(0.86)%
Debit card usage fees500 495 5 1.01 %
Trust services828 831 (3)(0.36)%
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance287 262 25 9.54 %
Loan swap fees— 431 (431)(100.00)%
Other income285 340 (55)(16.18)%
Total noninterest income$2,359 $2,822 $(463)(16.41)%
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
Noninterest income:20242023ChangeChange %
Service charges on deposit accounts$1,381 $1,383 $(2)(0.14)%
Debit card usage fees1,448 1,492 (44)(2.95)%
Trust services2,398 2,286 112 4.90 %
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance839 769 70 9.10 %
Gain from bank-owned life insurance— 691 (691)(100.00)%
Loan swap fees— 431 (431)(100.00)%
Other income938 1,116 (178)(15.95)%
Total noninterest income$7,004 $8,168 $(1,164)(14.25)%

Revenue from trust services was higher for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to increases in one-time estate fees. The gain from bank-owned life insurance that occurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was the result of a death benefit claim. Loan swap fees in 2023 consisted of fees earned in the back-to-back swap program.

41
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Noninterest Expense

The following tables show the variance from the prior year periods in the noninterest expense categories shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, accounts within the “other expenses” category that represent a significant portion of the total or a significant variance are shown below.
Three Months Ended September 30,
Noninterest expense:20242023ChangeChange %
Salaries and employee benefits$6,823 $6,696 $127 1.90 %
Occupancy and equipment1,926 1,359 567 41.72 %
Data processing771 703 68 9.67 %
Technology and software722 573 149 26.00 %
FDIC insurance711 439 272 61.96 %
Professional fees239 254 (15)(5.91)%
Director fees223 196 27 13.78 %
Other expenses:  
Business development216 287 (71)(24.74)%
Insurance expense197 178 19 10.67 %
Trust168 159 9 5.66 %
Consulting fees61 56 5 8.93 %
Marketing12 34 (22)(64.71)%
Charitable contributions— 60 (60)(100.00)%
Low income housing projects amortization123 136 (13)(9.56)%
New markets tax credit project amortization and management
   fees		230 230 — — %
All other470 545 (75)(13.76)%
Total other expenses1,477 1,685 (208)(12.34)%
Total noninterest expense$12,892 $11,905 $987 8.29 %
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
Noninterest expense:20242023ChangeChange %
Salaries and employee benefits$20,481 $20,592 $(111)(0.54)%
Occupancy and equipment5,225 4,008 1,217 30.36 %
Data processing2,239 2,067 172 8.32 %
Technology and software2,153 1,665 488 29.31 %
FDIC insurance1,861 1,275 586 45.96 %
Professional fees740 791 (51)(6.45)%
Director fees658 652 6 0.92 %
Other expenses:  
Business development613 1,035 (422)(40.77)%
Insurance expense592 610 (18)(2.87)%
Trust495 462 33 7.14 %
Consulting fees198 175 23 13.14 %
Marketing75 115 (40)(34.78)%
Charitable contributions— 180 (180)(100.00)%
Low income housing projects amortization439 469 (30)(6.40)%
New markets tax credit project amortization and management
   fees		689 689 — — %
All other1,496 1,665 (169)(10.15)%
Total other 4,597 5,400 (803)(14.87)%
Total noninterest expense$37,954 $36,450 $1,504 4.13 %


42
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Occupancy and equipment expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 primarily due to an increase in occupancy costs related to new bank buildings, including the Company's new headquarters building. Technology and software expenses increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the addition of new technology, product updates and information security solutions. FDIC insurance expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 primarily due to an increase in assessment rate.

Income Tax Expense

The Company recorded income tax expense of $1,475 (19.9 percent of pre-tax income) and $4,037 (19.2 percent of pre-tax income) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared with $1,445 (19.7 percent of pre-tax income) and $4,576 (18.9 percent of pre-tax income) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company's consolidated income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate in each period, primarily due to tax-exempt interest income, the tax-exempt increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance, tax-exempt gain from bank-owned life insurance, disallowed interest expense, and state income taxes. The tax rates for the first nine months of 2024 and 2023 were also impacted by year-to-date federal low income housing tax credits and a new markets tax credit of approximately $1,131 and $1,123, respectively.
43
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

FINANCIAL CONDITION

The Company had total assets of $3,988,566 as of September 30, 2024, compared to total assets of $3,825,758 as of December 31, 2023. Changes in the balance sheet included increases in interest-bearing cash deposits, loans, premises and equipment and total deposits and decreases in securities available for sale and federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings.

Securities

Securities available for sale decreased by $26,174 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This decrease was due to calls and principal paydowns on securities since December 31, 2023, partially offset by a decrease in unrealized losses on securities. Management concluded unrealized losses in the portfolio as of September 30, 2024 are the result of increases in risk-free market interest rates since the securities were purchased and are not an indication of declining credit quality. Unrealized losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax. The Company expects the securities portfolio as a percentage of total assets to decrease over time as the proceeds from paydowns and maturities may be used for loan growth or repayment of borrowed funds.

As of September 30, 2024, approximately 61 percent of the available for sale securities portfolio consisted of government agency guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities. Management believes these securities have little to no credit risk and provide cash flows for liquidity and repricing opportunities.

Loans and Nonperforming Assets

Loans outstanding increased $93,686 from $2,927,535 as of December 31, 2023 to $3,021,221 as of September 30, 2024. Changes in the loan portfolio during the first nine months of 2024 included an increase of $107,039 in construction, land and land development loans and a decrease of $18,710 in commercial loans.

In accordance with regulatory guidelines, the Company exercises heightened risk management practices when non-owner occupied commercial real estate lending exceeds 300 percent of total risk-based capital or construction, land and land development loans exceed 100 percent of total risk-based capital. Although the commercial real estate portfolio exceeded these regulatory guidelines as of September 30, 2024, they were within the Company's established policy limits and management believes that the Company has appropriate risk management policies and procedures to regularly monitor the commercial real estate portfolio. An analysis of the Company's non-owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio as of December 31, 2023 was presented in the Company's Form 10-K/A, filed with the SEC on February 23, 2024, and the Company has not experienced any material changes to that portfolio since December 31, 2023.

The following table sets forth the amount of nonperforming assets held by the Company and common ratio measurements of those assets as of the dates shown. 
 September 30, 2024December 31, 2023Change
Nonaccrual loans$233 $296 $(63)
Loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest — — — 
Loan restructurings (1)
— — — 
Total nonperforming loans233 296 (63)
Other real estate owned— — — 
Total nonperforming assets$233 $296 $(63)
    
Nonperforming loans to total loans0.01 %0.01 %— %
Nonperforming assets to total assets0.01 %0.01 %— %
(1)While loan restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (loan restructurings) are commonly reported by the industry as nonperforming, those not classified in the nonaccrual category are accruing interest due to payment performance. Loan restructurings on nonaccrual status are categorized as nonaccrual. There were no loan restructurings categorized as nonaccrual as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.



44
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Deposits

Deposits increased $304,774, or 10.2 percent, during the first nine months of 2024. Brokered deposits increased to $425,870 at September 30, 2024, from $305,411 at December 31, 2023. Excluding brokered deposits, deposits increased $184,315, or 6.9 percent, during the first nine months of 2024. Deposit growth included a mix of public funds and commercial and consumer deposits. Deposit inflows and outflows are influenced by prevailing market interest rates, competition, local and national economic conditions and fluctuations in our business customers' own liquidity needs. In particular, significant competition for deposits driven by high interest rate alternatives for depositors has impacted deposit fluctuations and increased our cost of deposits.

West Bank participates in the IntraFi® ICS and CDARS reciprocal deposit network which enables depositors to receive FDIC insurance coverage on deposits otherwise exceeding the maximum insurable amount. As of September 30, 2024, estimated uninsured deposits, which excludes deposits in the IntraFi® reciprocal network, brokered deposits and public funds protected by state programs, were approximately 27.8 percent of total deposits.

Borrowed Funds

Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings decreased from $150,270 at December 31, 2023 to $0 as of September 30, 2024. Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings were reduced during the first nine months of 2024 as a result of the increase in deposits.

The Company had $315,000 of FHLB advances outstanding at September 30, 2024, $295,000 of which are one-month rolling advances hedged with long-term interest rate swaps. The interest rate swaps that hedge the interest rates on these FHLB advances have maturity dates ranging from November 2024 through June 2029 and fixed rates ranging from 1.69 percent to 4.42 percent. Additionally, the Company has one forward starting interest rate swap with a notional amount of $20,000 and a starting date in November 2024, which replaces a maturing swap. This strategy of hedging short-term rolling funding effectively provides fixed cost wholesale funding through the maturity dates of the various interest rate swaps.

Liquidity

The objectives of liquidity management are to ensure the availability of sufficient cash flows to meet all financial commitments and to capitalize on opportunities for profitable business expansion. The Company's principal source of funds is deposits. Other sources include loan principal repayments, proceeds from the maturity and sale of securities, principal payments on amortizing securities, federal funds purchased, advances from the FHLB, other wholesale funding and funds provided by operations. Liquidity management is conducted on both a daily and a long-term basis. Investments in liquid assets are adjusted based on expected loan demand, projected loan and securities maturities and payments, expected deposit flows and the objectives set by the Company's asset-liability management policy. The Company had liquid assets (cash and cash equivalents) of $157,803 as of September 30, 2024 compared with $65,357 as of December 31, 2023.

Our deposit growth strategy emphasizes core deposit growth. Deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing market interest rates, competition, local and national economic conditions and fluctuations in our business customers' own liquidity needs. The Company utilizes brokered deposits and other wholesale funding to supplement core deposit fluctuations and loan growth. Brokered deposits are obtained through various programs administered by IntraFi®, and through other third party brokers. At September 30, 2024, the Company had $425,870 in brokered deposits, which included fixed-rate deposits with terms through February 2029 and variable-rate deposits with terms through September 2025.

As of September 30, 2024, West Bank had additional borrowing capacity available from the FHLB of approximately $628,000, as well as approximately $125,000 through the Federal Reserve discount window and $75,000 through unsecured federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks. Net cash from operating activities contributed $29,056 to liquidity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Management believed that the combination of high levels of potentially liquid assets, unencumbered securities, cash flows from operations, and additional borrowing capacity were sufficient to meet our liquidity needs as of September 30, 2024.

The Company had remaining commitments to invest in qualified affordable housing projects totaling $1,253 and $1,649 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

45
Table of Contents

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Capital

The Company's total stockholders' equity increased to $235,353 at September 30, 2024 from $225,043 at December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily the result of retained net income and the increase in the market value of our available for sale investment portfolio. While accumulated other comprehensive losses reduce tangible common equity, they have no impact on regulatory capital. At September 30, 2024, the Company's tangible common equity as a percent of tangible assets was 5.90 percent compared to 5.88 percent as of December 31, 2023.

The Company and West Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements (as shown in the following table) can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators, which, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and West Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company's and West Bank's capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Management believed the Company and West Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject as of September 30, 2024.


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West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The Company's and West Bank's capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table.
ActualFor Capital
Adequacy Purposes		For Capital
Adequacy Purposes With Capital Conservation Buffer		To Be Well-Capitalized
AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
As of September 30, 2024
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated$424,648 11.95 %$284,190 8.00 %$373,000 10.50 %$355,238 10.00 %
West Bank452,168 12.73 %284,089 8.00 %372,867 10.50 %355,112 10.00 %
       
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)    
Consolidated333,684 9.39 %213,143 6.00 %301,952 8.50 %284,190 8.00 %
West Bank421,204 11.86 %213,067 6.00 %301,845 8.50 %284,089 8.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated313,684 8.83 %159,857 4.50 %248,667 7.00 %230,905 6.50 %
West Bank421,204 11.86 %159,800 4.50 %248,578 7.00 %230,823 6.50 %
       
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)    
Consolidated333,684 8.15 %163,803 4.00 %163,803 4.00 %204,754 5.00 %
West Bank421,204 10.29 %163,727 4.00 %163,727 4.00 %204,659 5.00 %
       
As of December 31, 2023      
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)    
Consolidated$419,452 11.88 %$282,508 8.00 %$370,791 10.50 %$353,135 10.00 %
West Bank450,444 12.76 %282,307 8.00 %370,527 10.50 %352,883 10.00 %
       
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)    
Consolidated328,566 9.30 %211,881 6.00 %300,164 8.50 %282,508 8.00 %
West Bank419,558 11.89 %211,730 6.00 %299,951 8.50 %282,307 8.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated308,566 8.74 %158,911 4.50 %247,194 7.00 %229,537 6.50 %
West Bank419,558 11.89 %158,797 4.50 %247,018 7.00 %229,374 6.50 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)    
Consolidated328,566 8.50 %154,628 4.00 %154,628 4.00 %193,285 5.00 %
West Bank419,558 10.86 %154,571 4.00 %154,571 4.00 %193,213 5.00 %

The Company and West Bank are subject to a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer that is added to the minimum requirements for capital adequacy purposes. A banking organization with a capital conservation buffer of less than the required amount will be subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. At September 30, 2024, the capital ratios for the Company and West Bank were sufficient to meet the conservation buffer.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company’s market risk is composed primarily of interest rate risk arising from its core banking activities of lending and deposit taking. Interest rate risk refers to the exposure arising from changes in interest rates. Fluctuations in interest rates have a significant impact not only upon net income, but also upon the cash flows and market values of assets and liabilities. Our results of operations, like those of other financial institutions, are impacted by changes in interest rates and the interest rate sensitivity of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Management continually develops and applies strategies to mitigate this risk.

The Company’s objectives are to manage interest rate risk to foster consistent growth of earnings and capital. It is our policy to maintain an acceptable level of interest rate risk over a range of possible changes in interest rates while remaining responsive to market demand for loan and deposit products. To measure that risk, the Company uses an earnings simulation approach.

The Company has an Asset Liability Committee which meets quarterly to review the interest rate sensitivity position and to review and develop various strategies for managing interest rate risk. Measuring and maintaining interest rate risk is a dynamic process that management performs with the objective of maximizing net interest margin while maintaining interest rate risk within acceptable tolerances. This process relies primarily on the simulation of net interest income over multiple interest rate scenarios. The Company engages a third party that utilizes a modeling program to measure the Company’s exposure to potential interest rate changes. For various assumed hypothetical changes in market interest rates, this analysis measures the estimated change in net interest income. The simulations allow for ongoing assessment of interest rate sensitivity and can include the impact of potential new business strategies. The modeled scenarios begin with a base case in which rates are unchanged and include parallel and nonparallel rate shocks. The model includes deposit beta assumptions which are estimates of changes in interest-bearing deposit pricing for a given change in market interest rates. The results of the rate shocks are measured in two forms: first, the impact on the net interest margin and earnings over one and two year time frames; and second, the impact on the market value of equity. The results of the simulation are compared against approved policy limits.

The following table presents the estimated change in net interest income over a one year time horizon under several scenarios of assumed interest rate changes for the rate shock levels shown. The changes in each interest rate scenario represents the difference between estimated net interest income in the unchanged interest rate scenario, or the base case, and the estimated net interest income in each of the alternative interest rate scenarios. The net interest income in each scenario is based on immediate parallel yield curve changes in the interest rates applied to a static balance sheet. This analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results.
At September 30, 2024
Sensitivity of Net Interest Income Over One Year Horizon
Change in Interest Rates$ Change% Change
300 basis points rising$(9,941)(11.65)%
200 basis points rising(6,583)(7.71)
100 basis points rising(3,480)(4.08)
100 basis points falling3,3033.87
200 basis points falling5,4276.36
300 basis points falling6,5367.66

Computations of the prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions. The assumptions used in our interest rate sensitivity simulation discussed above are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the simulations cannot precisely measure net interest income or precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. Actual results may differ from those projections set forth above due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and customer behavior. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions the Company may undertake in response to changes in interest rates.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

a. Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) was performed under the supervision, and with the participation, of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.

b. Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Neither the Company nor West Bank is a party, and no property of these entities is subject, to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to West Bank's business. The Company does not know of any proceeding contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or West Bank.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Management does not believe there have been any material changes in the risk factors that were disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K/A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:
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ExhibitsDescription
3.1
Restatement of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of West Bancorporation, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the Form 10-K on March 1, 2017)
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of West Bancorporation, Inc. as of January 23, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the Form 8-K on January 24, 2019)
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and combined in Exhibit 101)
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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

West Bancorporation, Inc. 
(Registrant)  
   
   
October 24, 2024By:/s/ David D. Nelson
Date David D. Nelson
  Chief Executive Officer and President
  (Principal Executive Officer)
October 24, 2024By:/s/ Jane M. Funk
DateJane M. Funk
Executive Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
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