EXHIBIT 99.4
(改正版)商業登記法 株式会社
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第2回修正および再構築 普普文化グループ株式会社 継 ノコノコ株式会社。 |
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(特別決議により採択されました…) |
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(改正版)商業登記法
株式会社
第二次修正および完全な株主総会議事録
の
ノコノコ株式会社
(特別決議により採択されました…)
1 会社の名前は noco-noco Inc..
2 会社の登記事務所は、オジエ・グローバル(ケイマン)リミテッドの事務所、Cayman Islands, Grand Cayman, Nexus Way 89, KY1-9009、もしくは取締役がいつでも決定するケイマン諸島のその他の場所に位置することとします。
3 会社の目的は制限されていません。会社法(改定)第7条(4)の規定により、会社はケイマン諸島の法律によって禁止されていない任意の目的を実行する権限と権限を有しています。
4 会社は制限なしに法人能力を有しています。前段の制限を受けることなく、改正された会社法第27条(2)によって定められているように、会社は法人利益の問題に関係なく、完全な能力を有する自然人の機能を行使することができます。
5 前述の文章には、適切なライセンスを取得せずに以下の業務を行うことを許可するものは何もありません。したがって、次の業種について会社は許可なく業務を行うことはできません。
(a)その銀行業務または信託会社の業務を、Banks and Trust Companies Act(改訂版)の許可を得ずに行うこと。
(b) ケイマン諸島内からの保険業務または保険法(改訂)に基づくライセンスを取得していない保険マネージャー、代理人、サブ代理人またはブローカーの業務。
(c) 会社管理業務を、会社経営法(改正)に基づく免許を受けていない場合。
6 ビジネスを推進すること以外で、会社はケイマン諸島において、ケイマン諸島外で行うビジネスを進めるために、いかなる個人、企業または法人とも取引しません。 これにもかかわらず、会社はケイマン諸島で契約を締結し、ケイマン諸島で、ケイマン諸島外でのビジネスの遂行に必要な権限を行使することができます。
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7 会社は株式有限会社であり、したがって、各会員の責任は、その会員の株式に未払いの金額(あれば)に限定されます。
8 会社のシェア資本は、1株当たりUS$0.005の普通株20,000,000株に分割されたUS$100,000です。ただし、改正会社法と会社の定款の規定に基づき、会社は以下の1つまたは複数を行う権限を有します。
(a) 自社株の償還または取得を行うこと。
(b)資本を増やしたり減らしたりするために
(c) その資本金の一部を発行すること(元本、償還、増加または減少に関わらず):
(i)特定の優遇、延期、資格付与または特別権利、特別条件付きまたはなしで
(ii) 任意の制約や制限に従属しています
種類に明示的に異なる旨が記載されていない限り、株式の発行条件に関わらず、すべての株式発行(通常株式、優先株式その他を問わず)はこの権限の対象となります。
(d) それらの権利、特典、条件、制限、または制約のいずれかを変更すること
9 会社は、ケイマン諸島外の任意の司法管轄区の法律の下で株式有限会社として登録し、ケイマン諸島で登録抹消される権限を持っています。
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(改正版)商業登記法
株式会社
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第2回修正および再構築 |
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(特別決議により採択されました…) |
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目次
1 |
表Aの定義、解釈および除外 |
1 |
2 |
株式 |
5 |
3 |
株券 |
9 |
4 |
株式の抵当権 |
10 |
5 |
株式に対するコール及び没収 |
12 |
6 |
株式の譲渡 |
15 |
7 |
株式の譲渡 |
16 |
8 |
資本の変更 |
17 |
9 |
自己株式の償還および取得 |
18 |
10 |
メンバーのミーティング |
20 |
11 |
株主総会での手続き |
22 |
12 |
メンバーの投票権 |
26 |
13 |
取締役の数 |
30 |
14 |
取締役の任命、適格不適格、および解任 |
30 |
15 |
補欠の取締役 |
33 |
16 |
取締役の権限 |
35 |
17 |
権限の委任 |
37 |
18 |
取締役会の会合 |
39 |
19 |
取締役の許容される利益および開示 |
41 |
20 |
議事録 |
43 |
21 |
口座および監査;財政年度 |
43 |
22 |
配当基準日 |
43 |
23 |
配当 |
44 |
24 |
利益の資本化 |
47 |
25 |
シェアプレミアム口座 |
48 |
26 |
印鑑 |
48 |
27 |
補償 |
49 |
28 |
通知 |
51 |
29 |
電子記録の認証 |
54 |
30 |
継続的な方法による譲渡 |
56 |
31 |
清算 |
56 |
32 |
定款および条項の修正 |
57 |
33 |
合併および統合 |
57 |
34 |
特定の税務申告 |
57 |
(改正版)商業登記法
株式会社
第二次改正および再編成された定款
の
noco-noco Inc.
(特別決議により採択されました…)
表Aの定義、解釈、および除外
定義
これらの条項において、以下の定義が適用されます:
アクト ケイマン諸島の会社法(改訂版)、現在有効ないかなる立法変更や再制定を含む;
規約 適切な場合は意味します:
(a) これらの記事 随時修正される規約による
(b)これらの規約の2つ以上の特定の記事;
および 記事 これらの条項の特定の記事を指します;
会計監査人 会社の現時点での監査役または監査役を指す
取締役会 時々取締役会を指す
営業日 ニューヨーク市、シンガポール、日本で銀行機関または信託会社が休業または法的に閉鎖をする日以外の日を意味し、ケイマン諸島クマストラ(Grand Cayman)で銀行が通常の業務取引のために開いている日を指し、疑いを払拭するために、ケイマン諸島の土曜日、日曜日、または祝日を含まないものとする。
ケイマン諸島 ケイマン諸島はイギリスの海外領土を意味します;
晴れの日、通知期間に関して、その期間を除外したものを意味します。
(a) 通知がなされた日またはなされたものとみなされる日;および
与えられた日または有効となる日
クリアリングハウス 上場またはストックエクスチェンジまたはインターディーラークォテーションシステムで株式(または預託証明書)が上場またはクォートされている所在管轄の法律で認められたクリアリングハウスを指す。
委員会 米国証券取引委員会または現在の米国証券法を管理しているその他の連邦機関を指します。
会社 上記の会社を意味します;
デフォルトレート 年率百分十
指定株取引所 会社の株式が上場している間は、アメリカのナスダック・キャピタル・マーケット及びその他の取引所で上場されている会社の株式を取引する
指定株式取引所規則 意味は、時折修正される適用法令に起因する株の元のおよび継続的な指定株式取引所への上場によると、適用される規則や規制を指します。
means the directors for the time being of the Company and the expression Director shall be construed accordingly;
エレクトロニック その用語の意味はケイマン諸島の電子取引法(改訂版)に規定された意味です;
電子通信施設 ビデオ、ビデオ会議、インターネットまたはオンライン会議アプリケーション、電話またはテレビ会議および/またはその他のビデオ通信、インターネットまたはオンライン会議アプリケーションまたはすべての参加者が会議中に互いに声を聞き、互いに声が聞こえることができる電気通信施設
「電子記録」とは、時間の経過に伴う変更の可能性があり、数値または非数値の形式を含む、電子的に作成された情報、音声、画像、記号またはその他のデータを意味します。 その用語はケイマン諸島電子取引法(改正)で定義された意味を持っています。
「電子署名」とは、15 USC §7006によって定められる場合に割り当てられている意味を持ちますが、時間の経過に伴う変更の可能性がある、単語、記号、または手書きの署名と同等の機能を提供し、紙に書かれた文書に対する電子的な代替物となるようにデザインされ、導入された電子的なプロセスを使用して作成されたデータを意味します。 その用語の意味は、ケイマン諸島電子取引法(改訂版)で定義されています;
完全に支払われました の意味は:
(a) 株の名目額に関しては、その株の名目額およびその株の発行に伴う支払われるプレミアムがすべて支払われているか、または金銭または金銭に相当する価値で完全に支払われたものとみなされることを意味します。
(b) パー・バリューのない株式に関しては、その株式に対する合意の発行価格が完全に支払われたか、金銭または金銭相当額で支払われたことを意味します。
株主総会 会社の定款に従って適切に構成された会社の総会を意味します。
独立した取締役 取引所の規定に定義された独立取締役である会長を指す
メンバー 「メンバースの登録簿に時折シェアの保有者として記載される個人または複数の個人を意味します。」
覚書 会社の定款は、随時修正されることがあります。
月 カレンダーの月を指します;
役員 「中立」というのは、会社の役職をつとめるために任命された人を指します。その中には、取締役、補欠取締役、清算人が含まれますが、秘書は除外されます。
通常決議 会員が個人または代理で投票することができる(その権利が認められている)総会において、簡単な多数で可決された決議を指します。法人の場合は、正当に権限を委任された代表者によって行われます。この表現には、Article 11.17 に従って株主過半数が署名した書面の決議も含まれます。
普通株 会社の資本における普通株式を意味します;
部分的に支払い済み の意味は:
(a) 発行済株式の額面価額に関して、その株式の額面価額および当該株式の発行に伴うプレミアムが満額で支払われていないか、もしくは完全に金銭または金銭に相当する価値で支払われていない場合;および
(b) シェアの場合、そのシェアの合意された発行価格が完全に支払われていないか、金銭または金銭の価値として支払われていないことを意味します。
秘書 会社の秘書の職務を代行するために任命された人を指し、共同秘書、助手、副秘書を含む。
シェア 「means a シェア in the capital of the Company and the expression:」
(a) 株式を含む(株と株式の区別が明示されていない場合を除く); および
(b) コンテキストに応じて、シェアの一部を含むこともあります;
特別決議 「総会の決議」または「株主総会」の議決を意味し、両者とも会則に準拠した適正に招集された場合において、会員の2/3以上の賛成投票により可決されたもの
投票権を有する者は、その会議で直接または委任状によって投票することができます。この表現には全会一致の書面による決議も含まれます。
自社株 法律および2.17条に基づく自己株式保有分
米国証券法 米国証券法(1933年改正)、もしくは同様の連邦法および委員会に関する規則および規定、すべてがその時点で有効であるとき
バーチャルミーティング 「総会」とは、会員(およびその他の許可された出席者、例えば会議の議長や取締役を含む)が電子通信設備を通じてのみ出席および参加できると許可される会員の一般会合を意味します。
解釈
これらの条項の解釈にあたっては、文脈により別段の定めがない限り、以下の規定が適用されます:
(a) これらの条項での法令の言及は、それが知られている短いタイトルによるケイマン諸島の法令を指します。以下を含みます:
(i) いかなる法定の修正、改正または再制定;および
(ii) その法令の下で発行された任意の従属立法や規則。
前項の定めに限らず、ケイマン諸島の改正法への言及は、以後時折その都度修正される有効な改正法を指すものとみなされます。
(b) 見出しは便宜上挿入されており、これらの条項の解釈に影響を与えません。曖昧さがない限り。
(c) これらの条項に基づいて行われるべき行為、事項、または事柄の日がビジネスデーでない場合、その行為、事項、または事柄は翌ビジネスデーに行われなければなりません。
単数を表す単語は複数も表し、複数を表す単語は単数も表し、ある性別への言及もその他の性別を示します。
(e) aへの言及 人 必要に応じて、会社、信託、パートナーシップ、合弁事業、協会、団体、企業、または政府機関を含みます。
(f) 単語やフレーズに定義された意味がある場合、その単語やフレーズに対して別の品詞や文法形式が相応の意味を持っています。
(g)全セクター、時間に関するすべての参照は、会社の登記された事務所の所在地の時間に基づいて計算されます。
(h) 全セクターのワード 書面および 執筆での 言葉の表現または再現のすべての方法が含まれますが、書面と電子記録の区別が明示または暗示される場合には電子記録が含まれません。
(i) 言葉 含む, 含める そして 特に または同様の表現は、制限なく解釈されなければなりません。
(j)「という用語プレゼント「会議に出席する人に関しては、その人が会員総会(またはあらゆる種類の株式保有者の集会)に出席し、その人、または法人やその他の非自然人の場合はその正式に権限を与えられた代表者(または、会員の場合は、本条項に従ってその会員によって有効に任命された代理人)によって満足できるものを意味します。(a) 実際に会議に出席すること、または (b) 電子通信設備が許可されている会議の場合はこれらの条項(そのような電子通信設備を使用して接続されるすべての仮想会議を含む)に従ってください。
これらの条項の見出しは便宜上のみを意図しており、これらの条項の解釈に影響を与えません。
Table A記載事項の除外
法律の第1附表にある表Aに含まれる規則およびその他の法令または副法令に含まれる規則は明示的に除外され、会社には適用されません。
2分年
特別な権利を持つ株式やオプションの発行の権限
アクトおよびこれらの規定に基づいて、取締役は株式の償還および購入に関する条項について、確認権の有無を問わず、未発行の株式をその決定に基づいて、そのような人に、そのような時期およびそのような条件で割り当てたり、発行したり、オプションを付与したり、その他の取り扱いをする権限を一般的かつ無条件に有します。アクトの規定に従わない限り、株式を割引価格で発行することはできません。
2.2 前記条項に限定されず、取締役は未発行の株式を次のように処理することができます:
(a) プレミアムであるか、または満額である。
(b)配当、投票、資本の還元その他の特権、延期、その他の特別な権利または制限の有無に関係なく。
2.3 前記2つの条項に制限されることなく、取締役は、株式の申込を何らの理由であっても受け入れないことがあり、または理由の如何に拘わらず、申込を全部もしくは一部受け入れることができる。
会社は、取締役会が決定する時期と条件で、株主が株式やその他の証券を申し込む、購入する、または受け取る権利を有する、株式、オプション、ワラント、または引換証券やそれに類する性質の証券を発行することがあります。
会社は、株式、権利、オプション、ワラント、または株式交換証券、または取締役が決定する条件に基づいて、同社の株式またはその他の証券のクラスを調達する権利を有する類似の性質の証券からなる証券の単位を発行することがあります。
これらの条項に従われる限り、会社の各株式は会員に以下をもたらします:
会社のメンバーやメンバーの決議における1票の権利
(b) 会社が支払う配当に対する均等な権利;および
(c)会社の清算時には、資産余剰の配分における按分権を有する。
株の一部である小数点以下の発行権
2.7 会社は法令に従い、シェアの一部を発行することができますが、それ以外によってシェアの分数を端数で切り捨てまたは切り上げる義務はありません。シェアの一部は、そのクラスのシェアに関する責任(コールその他の点で)、制限、優先権、特典、資格、制約、権利、その他の属性に応じた分数を負担し、それを有します。
手数料や仲介手数料を支払う権限
2.8 The Company may pay a commission to any person in consideration of that person:
(a) subscribing or agreeing to subscribe, whether absolutely or conditionally; or
(b) procuring or agreeing to procure subscriptions, whether absolute or conditional,
for any Shares. That commission may be satisfied by the payment of cash or the allotment of Fully Paid Up or Partly Paid Up Shares or partly in one way and partly in another.
2.9 The Company may employ a broker in the issue of its capital and pay such person any proper commission or brokerage.
Trusts not recognised
2.10 Except as required by Law:
(a) the Company shall not be bound by or compelled to recognise in any way (even when notified) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any Share, or (except only as is otherwise provided by the Articles) any other rights in respect of any Share other than an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the holder; and
(b) no person other than the Member shall be recognised by the Company as having any right in a Share.
Security interests
2.11 Notwithstanding the preceding Article, the Company may (but shall not be obliged to) recognise a security interest of which it has actual notice over Shares. The Company shall not be treated as having recognised any such security interest unless it has so agreed in writing with the secured party.
Power to vary class rights
2.12 If the share capital is divided into different classes of Shares then, unless the terms on which a class of Shares was issued state otherwise, the rights attaching to a class of Shares may only be varied if one of the following applies:
(a) the Members holding not less than two-thirds of the issued Shares of that class consent in writing to the variation; or
(b) the variation is made with the sanction of a Special Resolution passed at a separate General Meeting of the Members holding the issued Shares of that class.
2.13 For the purpose of Article 2.12(b), all the provisions of these Articles relating to General Meetings apply, mutatis mutandis, to every such separate meeting except that the necessary quorum shall be one or more persons holding, or representing by proxy, not less than one third of the issued Shares of the class.
Effect of new Share issue on existing class rights
2.14 Unless the terms on which a class of Shares was issued state otherwise, the rights conferred on the Member holding Shares of any class shall not be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further Shares ranking pari passu with the existing Shares of that class.
Capital contributions without issue of further Shares
2.15 With the consent of a Member, the Directors may accept a voluntary contribution to the capital of the Company from that Member without issuing Shares in consideration for that contribution. In that event, the contribution shall be dealt with in the following manner:
(a) It shall be treated as if it were a share premium.
(b) Unless the Member agrees otherwise:
(i) if the Member holds Shares in a single class of Shares - it shall be credited to the share premium account for that class of Shares;
(ii) if the Member holds Shares of more than one class - it shall be credited rateably to the share premium accounts for those classes of Shares (in the proportion that the sum of the issue prices for each class of Shares that the Member holds bears to the total issue prices for all classes of Shares that the Member holds).
(c) It shall be subject to the provisions of the Act and these Articles applicable to share premiums.
No bearer Shares or warrants
2.16 The Company shall not issue Shares or warrants to bearers.
Treasury Shares
2.17 Shares that the Company purchases, redeems or acquires by way of surrender in accordance with the Act shall be held as Treasury Shares and not treated as cancelled if:
(a) the Directors so determine prior to the purchase, redemption or surrender of those shares; and
(b) the relevant provisions of the Memorandum and Articles and the Act are otherwise complied with.
Rights attaching to Treasury Shares and related matters
2.18 No dividend may be declared or paid, and no other distribution (whether in cash or otherwise) of the Company’s assets (including any distribution of assets to Members on a winding up) may be made to the Company in respect of a Treasury Share.
2.19 The Company shall be entered in the register of Members as the holder of the Treasury Shares. However:
(a) the Company shall not be treated as a Member for any purpose and shall not exercise any right in respect of the Treasury Shares, and any purported exercise of such a right shall be void; and
(b) a Treasury Share shall not be voted, directly or indirectly, at any meeting of the Company and shall not be counted in determining the total number of issued shares at any given time, whether for the purposes of these Articles or the Act.
2.20 Nothing in Article 2.19 prevents an allotment of Shares as Fully Paid Up bonus shares in respect of a Treasury Share and Shares allotted as Fully Paid Up bonus shares in respect of a Treasury Share shall be treated as Treasury Shares.
2.21 Treasury Shares may be disposed of by the Company in accordance with the Act and otherwise on such terms and conditions as the Directors determine.
Register of Members
2.22 The Company shall keep or cause to be kept a register of Members as required by the Act and the Directors may cause the Company to maintain one or more branch registers as contemplated by the Act, provided that where the Company is maintaining one or more branch registers, the Directors shall ensure that a duplicate of each branch register is kept with the Company's principal register of Members and updated within such number of days of any amendment having been made to such branch register as may be required by the Act.
2.23 For as long as the Shares are listed on any Designated Stock Exchange, the title to Shares may be evidenced and transferred in accordance with the laws applicable to the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange and, for these purposes, the Register of Members may be maintained in accordance with section 40B of the Act.
Annual Return
2.24 The Directors in each calendar year shall prepare or cause to be prepared an annual return and declaration setting forth the particulars required by the Act and shall deliver a copy thereof to the registrar of companies for the Cayman Islands.
3 Share certificates
Issue of share certificates
3.1 A Member shall only be entitled to a share certificate if the Directors resolve that share certificates shall be issued. Share certificates representing Shares, if any, shall be in such form as the Directors may determine. If the Directors resolve that share certificates shall be issued, upon being entered in the register of Members as the holder of a Share, the Directors may issue to any Member:
(a) without payment, one certificate for all the Shares of each class held by that Member (and, upon transferring a part of the Member’s holding of Shares of any class, to a certificate for the balance of that holding); and
(b) upon payment of such reasonable sum as the Directors may determine for every certificate after the first, several certificates each for one or more of that Member’s Shares.
3.2 Every certificate shall specify the number, class and distinguishing numbers (if any) of the Shares to which it relates and whether they are Fully Paid Up or Partly Paid Up. A certificate may be executed under seal or executed in such other manner as the Directors determine.
3.3 Every certificate shall bear legends required under the applicable laws, including the U.S. Securities Act.
3.4 The Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate for Shares held jointly by several persons and delivery of a certificate for a Share to one joint holder shall be a sufficient delivery to all of them.
Renewal of lost or damaged share certificates
3.5 If a share certificate is defaced, worn-out, lost or destroyed, it may be renewed on such terms (if any) as to:
(a) evidence;
(b) indemnity;
(c) payment of the expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in investigating the evidence; and
(d) payment of a reasonable fee, if any for issuing a replacement share certificate,
as the Directors may determine, and (in the case of defacement or wearing-out) on delivery to the Company of the old certificate.
4 Lien on Shares
Nature and scope of lien
4.1 The Company has a first and paramount lien on all Shares (whether Fully Paid Up or not) registered in the name of a Member (whether solely or jointly with others). The lien is for all monies payable to the Company by the Member or the Member’s estate:
(a) either alone or jointly with any other person, whether or not that other person is a Member; and
(b) whether or not those monies are presently payable.
4.2 At any time the Board may declare any Share to be wholly or partly exempt from the provisions of this Article.
Company may sell Shares to satisfy lien
4.3 The Company may sell any Shares over which it has a lien if all of the following conditions are met:
(a) the sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable;
(b) the Company gives notice to the Member holding the Share (or to the person entitled to it in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of that Member) demanding payment and stating that if the notice is not complied with the Shares may be sold; and
(c) that sum is not paid within fourteen Clear Days after that notice is deemed to be given under these Articles,
and Shares to which this Article 4.3 applies shall be referred to as Lien Default Shares.
4.4 The Lien Default Shares may be sold in such manner as the Board determines.
4.5 To the maximum extent permitted by law, the Directors shall incur no personal liability to the Member concerned in respect of the sale.
Authority to execute instrument of transfer
4.6 To give effect to a sale, the Directors may authorise any person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Lien Default Shares sold to, or in accordance with the directions of, the purchaser.
4.7 The title of the transferee of the Lien Default Shares shall not be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings in respect of the sale.
Consequences of sale of Shares to satisfy lien
4.8 On a sale pursuant to the preceding Articles:
(a) the name of the Member concerned shall be removed from the register of Members as the holder of those Lien Default Shares; and
(b) that person shall deliver to the Company for cancellation the certificate (if any) for those Lien Default Shares.
4.9 Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4.8, such person shall remain liable to the Company for all monies which, at the date of sale, were presently payable by such person to the Company
in respect of those Lien Default Shares. That person shall also be liable to pay interest on those monies from the date of sale until payment at the rate at which interest was payable before that sale or, failing that, at the Default Rate. The Board may waive payment wholly or in part or enforce payment without any allowance for the value of the Lien Default Shares at the time of sale or for any consideration received on their disposal.
Application of proceeds of sale
4.10 The net proceeds of the sale, after payment of the costs, shall be applied in payment of so much of the sum for which the lien exists as is presently payable. Any residue shall be paid to the person whose Lien Default Shares have been sold:
(a) if no certificate for the Lien Default Shares was issued, at the date of the sale; or
(b) if a certificate for the Lien Default Shares was issued, upon surrender to the Company of that certificate for cancellation
but, in either case, subject to the Company retaining a like lien for all sums not presently payable as existed on the Lien Default Shares before the sale.
5 Calls on Shares and forfeiture
Power to make calls and effect of calls
5.1 Subject to the terms of allotment, the Board may make calls on the Members in respect of any monies unpaid on their Shares including any premium. The call may provide for payment to be by instalments. Subject to receiving at least 14 Clear Days' notice specifying when and where payment is to be made, each Member shall pay to the Company the amount called on such Member’s Shares as required by the notice.
5.2 Before receipt by the Company of any sum due under a call, that call may be revoked in whole or in part and payment of a call may be postponed in whole or in part. Where a call is to be paid in instalments, the Company may revoke the call in respect of all or any remaining instalments in whole or in part and may postpone payment of all or any of the remaining instalments in whole or in part.
5.3 A Member on whom a call is made shall remain liable for that call notwithstanding the subsequent transfer of the Shares in respect of which the call was made. A person shall not be liable for calls made after such person is no longer registered as Member in respect of those Shares.
Time when call made
5.4 A call shall be deemed to have been made at the time when the resolution of the Directors authorising the call was passed.
Liability of joint holders
5.5 Members registered as the joint holders of a Share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls in respect of the Share.
Interest on unpaid calls
5.6 If a call remains unpaid after it has become due and payable the person from whom it is due and payable shall pay interest on the amount unpaid from the day it became due and payable until it is paid:
(a) at the rate fixed by the terms of allotment of the Share or in the notice of the call; or
(b) if no rate is fixed, at the Default Rate.
The Directors may waive payment of the interest wholly or in part.
Deemed calls
5.7 Any amount payable in respect of a Share, whether on allotment or on a fixed date or otherwise, shall be deemed to be payable as a call. If the amount is not paid when due the provisions of these Articles shall apply as if the amount had become due and payable by virtue of a call.
Power to accept early payment
5.8 The Company may accept from a Member the whole or a part of the amount remaining unpaid on Shares held by such person although no part of that amount has been called up.
Power to make different arrangements at time of issue of Shares
5.9 Subject to the terms of allotment, the Directors may make arrangements on the issue of Shares to distinguish between Members in the amounts and times of payment of calls on their Shares.
Notice of default
5.10 If a call remains unpaid after it has become due and payable the Directors may give to the person from whom it is due not less than 14 Clear Days' notice requiring payment of:
(a) the amount unpaid;
(b) any interest which may have accrued;
(c) any expenses which have been incurred by the Company due to that person’s default.
5.11 The notice shall state the following:
(a) the place where payment is to be made; and
(b) a warning that if the notice is not complied with the Shares in respect of which the call is made will be liable to be forfeited.
Forfeiture or surrender of Shares
5.12 If the notice given pursuant to Article 5.10 is not complied with, the Directors may, before the payment required by the notice has been received, resolve that any Share the subject of that notice be forfeited. The forfeiture shall include all dividends or other monies payable in respect of the forfeited Share and not paid before the forfeiture. Despite the foregoing, the Board may determine that any Share the subject of that notice be accepted by the Company as surrendered by the Member holding that Share in lieu of forfeiture.
5.13 The Directors may accept the surrender for no consideration of any Fully Paid Up Share.
Disposal of forfeited or surrendered Share and power to cancel forfeiture or surrender
5.14 A forfeited or surrendered Share may be sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of on such terms and in such manner as the Board determine either to the former Member who held that Share or to any other person. The forfeiture or surrender may be cancelled on such terms as the Directors think fit at any time before a sale, re-allotment or other disposition. Where, for the purposes of its disposal, a forfeited or surrendered Share is to be transferred to any person, the Directors may authorise some person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Share to the transferee.
Effect of forfeiture or surrender on former Member
5.15 On forfeiture or surrender:
(a) the name of the Member concerned shall be removed from the register of Members as the holder of those Shares and that person shall cease to be a Member in respect of those Shares; and
(b) that person shall surrender to the Company for cancellation the certificate (if any) for the forfeited or surrendered Shares.
5.16 Despite the forfeiture or surrender of such Member’s Shares, that person shall remain liable to the Company for all monies which at the date of forfeiture or surrender were presently payable by such person to the Company in respect of those Shares together with:
(a) all expenses; and
(b) interest from the date of forfeiture or surrender until payment:
(i) at the rate of which interest was payable on those monies before forfeiture; or
(ii) if no interest was so payable, at the Default Rate.
The Directors, however, may waive payment wholly or in part.
Evidence of forfeiture or surrender
5.17 A declaration, whether statutory or under oath, made by a Director or the Secretary shall be conclusive evidence of the following matters stated in it as against all persons claiming to be entitled to forfeited Shares:
(a) that the person making the declaration is a Director or Secretary of the Company, and
(b) that the particular Shares have been forfeited or surrendered on a particular date.
Subject to the execution of an instrument of transfer, if necessary, the declaration shall constitute good title to the Shares.
Sale of forfeited or surrendered Shares
5.18 Any person to whom the forfeited or surrendered Shares are disposed of shall not be bound to see to the application of the consideration, if any, of those Shares nor shall such Member’s title to the Shares be affected by any irregularity in, or invalidity of the proceedings in respect of, the forfeiture, surrender or disposal of those Shares.
6 Transfer of Shares
Right to transfer
6.1 The instrument of transfer of any Share shall be in writing and in any usual or common form or such other form as the Directors may, in their absolute discretion, approve and be executed by or on behalf of the transferor and if in respect of a nil or Partly Paid Up Share, or if so required by the Directors, shall also be executed on behalf of the transferee and shall be accompanied by the certificate (if any) of the Shares to which it relates and such other evidence as the Directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer. The transferor shall be deemed to remain a Member until the name of the transferee is entered in the register of Members in respect of the relevant Shares.
6.2 The Directors may in their absolute discretion decline to register any transfer of Shares which is not Fully Paid Up or on which the Company has a lien.
6.3 The Directors may also, but are not required to, decline to register any transfer of any Share unless:
(a) the instrument of transfer is lodged with the Company, accompanied by the certificate (if any) for the Shares to which it relates and such other evidence as the Board may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer;
(b) the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of Shares;
(c) the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required;
(d) in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the Share is to be transferred does not exceed four;
(e) the Shares transferred are Fully Paid Up and free of any lien in favour of the Company; and
(f) any applicable fee of such maximum sum as the Designated Stock Exchanges may determine to be payable, or such lesser sum as the Board may from time to time require, related to the transfer is paid to the Company.
Suspension of transfers
6.4 The registration of transfers may, on 14 days’ notice being given by advertisement in such one or more newspapers or by electronic means, be suspended and the register of Members closed at such times and for such periods as the Directors may, in their absolute discretion, from time to time determine, provided always that such registration of transfer shall not be suspended nor the register of Members closed for more than 30 days in any year.
Company may retain instrument of transfer
6.5 The Company shall be entitled to retain all instruments of transfer that are registered.
Notice of refusal to register
6.6 If the Directors refuse to register a transfer of any Shares, they shall within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged with the Company send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of the refusal.
7 Transmission of Shares
Persons entitled on death of a Member
7.1 If a Member dies, the only persons recognised by the Company as having any title to the deceased Members’ interest are the following:
(a) where the deceased Member was a joint holder, the survivor or survivors; and
(b) where the deceased Member was a sole holder, that Member’s personal representative or representatives.
7.2 Nothing in these Articles shall release the deceased Member’s estate from any liability in respect of any Share, whether the deceased was a sole holder or a joint holder.
Registration of transfer of a Share following death or bankruptcy
7.3 A person becoming entitled to a Share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a Member may elect to do either of the following:
(a) to become the holder of the Share; or
(b) to transfer the Share to another person.
7.4 That person must produce such evidence of his/her/its entitlement as the Directors may properly require.
7.5 If the person elects to become the holder of the Share, such person must give notice to the Company to that effect. For the purposes of these Articles, that notice shall be treated as though it were an executed instrument of transfer.
7.6 If the person elects to transfer the Share to another person then:
(a) if the Share is Fully Paid Up, the transferor must execute an instrument of transfer; and
(b) if the Share is nil or Partly Paid Up, the transferor and the transferee must execute an instrument of transfer.
7.7 All the Articles relating to the transfer of Shares shall apply to the notice or, as appropriate, the instrument of transfer.
Indemnity
7.8 A person registered as a Member by reason of the death or bankruptcy of another Member shall indemnify the Company and the Directors against any loss or damage suffered by the Company or the Directors as a result of that registration.
Rights of person entitled to a Share following death or bankruptcy
7.9 A person becoming entitled to a Share by reason of the death or bankruptcy of a Member shall have the rights to which such person would be entitled if such person were registered as the holder of the Share. But, until such person is registered as Member in respect of the Share, such person shall not be entitled to attend or vote at any meeting of the Company or at any separate meeting of the holders of that class of Shares.
8 Alteration of capital
Increasing, consolidating, converting, dividing and cancelling share capital
8.1 To the fullest extent permitted by the Act, the Company may by Ordinary Resolution do any of the following and amend its Memorandum for that purpose:
(a) increase its share capital by new Shares of the amount fixed by that Ordinary Resolution and with the attached rights, priorities and privileges set out in that Ordinary Resolution;
(b) consolidate and divide all or any of its share capital into Shares of larger amount than its existing Shares;
(c) convert all or any of its Paid Up Shares into stock, and reconvert that stock into Paid Up Shares of any denomination;
(d) sub-divide its Shares or any of them into Shares of an amount smaller than that fixed by the Memorandum, so, however, that in the sub-division, the proportion between the amount paid and the amount, if any, unpaid on each reduced Share shall be the same as it was in case of the Share from which the reduced Share is derived; and
(e) cancel Shares which, at the date of the passing of that Ordinary Resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person, and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount of the Shares so cancelled or, in the case of Shares without nominal par value, diminish the number of Shares into which its capital is divided.
Dealing with fractions resulting from consolidation of Shares
8.2 Whenever, as a result of a consolidation of Shares, any Members would become entitled to fractions of a Share the Directors may on behalf of those Members deal with the fractions as it thinks fit, including (without limitation):
(a) sell the Shares representing the fractions for the best price reasonably obtainable to any person (including, subject to the provisions of the Act, the Company); and
(b) distribute the net proceeds in due proportion among those Members.
8.3 For the purposes of Article 8.2, the Directors may authorise some person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Shares to, in accordance with the directions of, the purchaser. The transferee shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money nor shall the transferee’s title to the Shares be affected by any irregularity in, or invalidity of, the proceedings in respect of the sale.
Reducing share capital
8.4 Subject to the Act and to any rights for the time being conferred on the Members holding a particular class of Shares, the Company may, by Special Resolution, reduce its share capital in any way.
9 Redemption and purchase of own Shares
Power to issue redeemable Shares and to purchase own Shares
9.1 Subject to the Act and to any rights for the time being conferred on the Members holding a particular class of Shares, and, where applicable, the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, and/or other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under applicable law, the Company may by its Directors:
(a) issue Shares that are to be redeemed or liable to be redeemed, at the option of the Company or the Member holding those redeemable Shares, on the terms and in the manner its Directors determine before the issue of those Shares;
(b) with the consent by Special Resolution of the Members holding Shares of a particular class, vary the rights attaching to that class of Shares so as to provide that those Shares are to be redeemed or are liable to be redeemed at the option of the Company on the terms and in the manner which the Directors determine at the time of such variation; and
(c) purchase all or any of its own Shares of any class including any redeemable Shares on the terms and in the manner which the Directors determine at the time of such purchase.
The Company may make a payment in respect of the redemption or purchase of its own Shares in any manner authorised by the Act, including out of any combination of the following: capital, its profits and the proceeds of a fresh issue of Shares.
Power to pay for redemption or purchase in cash or in specie
9.2 When making a payment in respect of the redemption or purchase of Shares, the Directors may make the payment in cash or in specie (or partly in one and partly in the other) if so authorised by the terms of the allotment of those Shares or by the terms applying to those Shares in accordance with Article 9.1, or otherwise by agreement with the Member holding those Shares.
Effect of redemption or purchase of a Share
9.3 Upon the date of redemption or purchase of a Share:
(a) the Member holding that Share shall cease to be entitled to any rights in respect of the Share other than the right to receive:
(i) the price for the Share; and
(ii) any dividend declared in respect of the Share prior to the date of redemption or purchase;
(b) the Member’s name shall be removed from the register of Members with respect to the Share; and
(c) the Share shall be cancelled or held as a Treasury Share, as the Directors may determine.
9.4 For the purpose of Article 9.3, the date of redemption or purchase is the date when the Member's name is removed from the register of Members with respect to the Shares the subject of the redemption or purchase.
10 Meetings of Members
Annual and extraordinary General Meetings
10.1 The Company may, but shall not (unless required by the Designated Stock Exchange Rules) be obligated to, in each year hold a General Meeting as an annual General Meeting, which, if held, shall be convened by the Board, in accordance with these Articles.
10.2 All General Meetings other than annual General Meetings shall be called extraordinary General Meetings.
Power to call meetings
10.3 The Directors may call a General Meeting at any time.
10.4 If there are insufficient Directors to constitute a quorum and the remaining Directors are unable to agree on the appointment of additional Directors, the Directors must call a General Meeting for the purpose of appointing additional Directors.
10.5 The Directors must also call a General Meeting if requisitioned in the manner set out in the next two Articles.
10.6 The requisition must be in writing and given by one or more Members who together hold at least ten per cent of the rights to vote at such General Meeting.
10.7 The requisition must also:
(a) specify the purpose of the meeting.
(b) be signed by or on behalf of each requisitioner (and for this purpose each joint holder shall be obliged to sign). The requisition may consist of several documents in like form signed by one or more of the requisitioners; and
(c) be delivered in accordance with the notice provisions.
10.8 Should the Directors fail to call a General Meeting within 21 Clear Days’ from the date of receipt of a requisition, the requisitioners or any of them may call a General Meeting within three months after the end of that period.
10.9 Without limitation to the foregoing, if there are insufficient Directors to constitute a quorum and the remaining Directors are unable to agree on the appointment of additional Directors, any one or more Members who together hold at least ten per cent of the rights to vote at a General Meeting may call a General Meeting for the purpose of considering the business specified in the notice of meeting which shall include as an item of business the appointment of additional Directors.
10.10 Members seeking to bring business before the annual General Meeting or to nominate candidates for election as Directors at the annual General Meeting must deliver notice to the principal executive offices of the Company not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the scheduled date of the annual General Meeting.
Content of notice
10.11 Notice of a General Meeting shall specify each of the following:
(a) the place, the date and the hour of the meeting;
(b) whether the meeting will be held virtually, at a physical place or both;
(c) if the meeting is to be held in any part at a physical place, the address of such place;
(d) if the meeting is to be held in two or more places, or in any part virtually, the Electronic Communication Facilities that will be used to facilitate the meeting, including the procedures to be followed by any Member or other participant of the meeting who wishes to utilise such Electronic Communication Facilities for the purposes of attending and participating in such meeting;
(e) subject to paragraph (f) and the requirements of (to the extent applicable) the Designated Stock Exchange Rules, the general nature of the business to be transacted; and
(f) if a resolution is proposed as a Special Resolution, the text of that resolution.
10.12 In each notice there shall appear with reasonable prominence the following statements:
(a) that a Member who is entitled to attend and vote is entitled to appoint one or more proxies to attend and vote instead of that Member; and
(b) that a proxyholder need not be a Member.
Period of notice
10.13 At least twenty-one Clear Days' notice of an annual General Meeting must be given to Members. For any other General Meeting, at least fourteen Clear Days’ notice must be given to Members.
10.14 Subject to the Act, a meeting may be convened on shorter notice, subject to the Act with the consent of the Member or Members who, individually or collectively, hold at least ninety per cent of the voting rights of all those who have a right to vote at that meeting.
Persons entitled to receive notice
10.15 Subject to the provisions of these Articles and to any restrictions imposed on any Shares, the notice shall be given to the following people:
(a) the Members
(b) persons entitled to a Share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a Member; and
(c) the Directors.
10.16 The Board may determine that the Members entitled to receive notice of a meeting are those persons entered on the register of Members at the close of business on a day determined by the Board.
Publication of notice of meeting on a website
10.17 Subject to the Act or the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under applicable law, a notice of a general meeting may be published on a website providing the recipient is given separate notice of:
(a) the publication of the notice on the website;
(b) the place on the website where the notice may be accessed;
(c) how it may be accessed; and
(d) the place, date and time of the general meeting.
10.18 If a Member notifies the Company that he is unable for any reason to access the website, the Company must as soon as practicable give notice of the meeting to that Member by any other means permitted by these Articles. This will not affect when that Member is deemed to have received notice of the meeting.
Time a website notice is deemed to be given
10.19 A website notice is deemed to be given when the Member is given notice of its publication.
Required duration of publication on a website
10.20 Where the notice of meeting is published on a website, it shall continue to be published in the same place on that website from the date of the notification until at least the conclusion of the meeting to which the notice relates.
Accidental omission to give notice or non-receipt of notice
10.21 Proceedings at a meeting shall not be invalidated by the following:
(a) an accidental failure to give notice of the meeting to any person entitled to notice; or
(b) non-receipt of notice of the meeting by any person entitled to notice.
10.22 In addition, where a notice of meeting is published on a website proceedings at the meeting shall not be invalidated merely because it is accidentally published:
(a) in a different place on the website; or
(b) for part only of the period from the date of the notification until the conclusion of the meeting to which the notice relates.
11 Proceedings at meetings of Members
Quorum
11.1 Save as provided in the following Article, no business shall be transacted at any meeting unless a quorum is present in person or by proxy. A quorum is as follows:
(a) if the Company has only one Member: that Member;
(b) if the Company has more than one Member: one or more Members holding Shares that represent not less than one-third of the outstanding Shares carrying the right to vote at such General Meeting.
Lack of quorum
11.2 If a quorum is not present within fifteen minutes of the time appointed for the meeting, or if at any time during the meeting it becomes inquorate, then the following provisions apply:
(a) If the meeting was requisitioned by Members, it shall be cancelled.
(b) In any other case, the meeting shall stand adjourned to the same time and place seven days hence, or to such other time or place as is determined by the Directors. If a quorum is not present within fifteen minutes of the time appointed for the adjourned meeting, then the Members present in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum.
Use of technology
11.3 A person may participate in a general meeting through the medium of conference telephone, video or any other form of communications equipment providing all persons participating in a meeting are able to hear and speak to each other throughout the meeting. A person participating in this way is deemed to be present in person at the meeting.
Chairman
11.4 The chairman of a General Meeting shall be the chairman of the Board or such other Director as the Directors have nominated to chair Board meetings in the absence of the chairman of the Board. Absent any such person being present within fifteen minutes of the time appointed for the meeting, the Directors present shall elect one of their number to chair the meeting.
11.5 If no Director is present within fifteen minutes of the time appointed for the meeting, or if no Director is willing to act as chairman, the Members present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote shall choose one of their number to chair the meeting.
Right of a Director to attend and speak
11.6 Even if a Director is not a Member, he/she shall be entitled to attend and speak at any General Meeting and at any separate meeting of Members holding a particular class of Shares.
Accommodation of Members at Virtual Meeting
11.7 A Member entitled to receive notice and attend a meeting will be deemed to be in attendance at such meeting despite their attendance being virtual if adequate facilities are available to ensure that the Member is able to:
(a) to participate in the business for which the meeting has been convened; and
(b) to hear all that happens at the meeting.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Directors may determine that any general meeting may be held as a Virtual Meeting.
Security
11.8 In addition to any measures which the Board may be required to take due to the location or venue of the meeting, the Board may make any arrangement and impose any restriction it considers appropriate and reasonable in the circumstances to ensure the security of a meeting
including, without limitation, the searching of any person attending the meeting and the imposing of restrictions on the items of personal property that may be taken into the meeting place. The Board may refuse entry to, or eject from, a meeting a person who refuses to comply with any such arrangements or restrictions.
Adjournment
11.9 The chairman may at any time adjourn a meeting with the consent of the Members constituting a quorum. The chairman must adjourn the meeting if so directed by the meeting. No business, however, can be transacted at an adjourned meeting other than business which might properly have been transacted at the original meeting.
11.10 Should a meeting be adjourned for more than 7 Clear Days, whether because of a lack of quorum or otherwise, Members shall be given at least seven Clear Days' notice of the date, time and place of the adjourned meeting and the general nature of the business to be transacted. Otherwise it shall not be necessary to give any notice of the adjournment.
Method of voting
11.11 A resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided on a poll.
Taking of a poll
11.12 A poll shall be taken in such manner as the chairman directs. He/she may appoint scrutineers (who need not be Members) and fix a place and time for declaring the result of the poll. If, through the aid of technology, the meeting is held as a Virtual Meeting or in more than one place, the chairman may appoint scrutineers virtually and in more than one place; but if he/she considers that the poll cannot be effectively monitored at that meeting, the chairman shall adjourn the holding of the poll to a date, place and time when that can occur.
Chairman’s casting vote
11.13 In the case of an equality of votes, the chairman of the meeting shall be entitled to a second or casting vote.
Amendments to resolutions
11.14 An Ordinary Resolution to be proposed at a General Meeting may be amended by Ordinary Resolution if:
(a) not less than 48 hours before the meeting is to take place (or such later time as the chairman of the meeting may determine), notice of the proposed amendment is given to the Company in writing by a Member entitled to vote at that meeting; and
(b) the proposed amendment does not, in the reasonable opinion of the chairman of the meeting, materially alter the scope of the resolution.
11.15 A Special Resolution to be proposed at a General Meeting may be amended by Ordinary Resolution, if:
(a) the chairman of the meeting proposes the amendment at the General Meeting at which the resolution is to be proposed, and
(b) the amendment does not go beyond what the chairman considers is necessary to correct a grammatical or other non-substantive error in the resolution.
11.16 If the chairman of the meeting, acting in good faith, wrongly decides that an amendment to a resolution is out of order, the chairman's error does not invalidate the vote on that resolution.
Written resolutions
11.17 Members may pass a resolution in writing without holding a meeting if the following conditions are met:
(a) all Members entitled to vote are given notice of the resolution as if the same were being proposed at a meeting of Members;
(b) all Members entitled so to vote (in case of Special Resolution) or the Members holding a simple majority of issued Shares entitled to vote (in case of Ordinary Resolution);
(i) sign a document; or
(ii) sign several documents in the like form each signed by one or more of those Members; and
(c) the signed document or documents is or are delivered to the Company, including, if the Company so nominates, by delivery of an Electronic Record by Electronic means to the address specified for that purpose.
Such written resolution shall be as effective as if it had been passed at a duly convened and held meeting of the Members entitled to vote.
11.18 If a written resolution is described as a Special Resolution or as an Ordinary Resolution, it has effect accordingly.
11.19 The Directors may determine the manner in which written resolutions shall be put to Members. In particular, they may provide, in the form of any written resolution, for each Member to indicate, out of the number of votes the Member would have been entitled to cast at a meeting to consider the resolution, how many votes such person wishes to cast in favour of the resolution and how many against the resolution or to be treated as abstentions. The result of any such written resolution shall be determined on the same basis as on a poll.
Sole-Member Company
11.20 If the Company has only one Member, and the Member records in writing such Member’s decision on a question, that record shall constitute both the passing of a resolution and the minute of it.
12 Voting rights of Members
Right to vote
12.1 Unless their Shares carry no right to vote, or unless a call or other amount presently payable has not been paid, all Members are entitled to vote at a General Meeting, and all Members holding Shares of a particular class of Shares are entitled to vote at a meeting of the holders of that class of Shares.
12.2 Members may vote in person or by proxy.
12.3 On a poll a Member shall have one vote for each Share such person holds, unless any Share carries special voting rights.
12.4 No Member is bound to vote on such Member’s Shares or any of them; nor is a Member bound to vote each of such Member’s Shares in the same way.
Rights of joint holders
12.5 If Shares are held jointly, only one of the joint holders may vote. If more than one of the joint holders tenders a vote, the vote of the holder whose name in respect of those Shares appears first in the register of Members shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holder.
Representation of corporate Members
12.6 Save where otherwise provided, a corporate Member must act by a duly authorised representative.
12.7 A corporate Member wishing to act by a duly authorised representative must identify that person to the Company by notice in writing.
12.8 The authorisation may be for any period of time, and must be delivered to the Company before the commencement of the meeting at which it is first used.
12.9 The Directors of the Company may require the production of any evidence which they consider necessary to determine the validity of the notice.
12.10 Where a duly authorised representative is present at a meeting that Member is deemed to be present in person; and the acts of the duly authorised representative are personal acts of that Member.
12.11 A corporate Member may revoke the appointment of a duly authorised representative at any time by notice to the Company; but such revocation will not affect the validity of any acts carried out by the duly authorised representative before the Directors of the Company had actual notice of the revocation.
12.12 If a clearing house (or its nominee(s)), being a corporation, is a Member, it may authorise such persons as it sees fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Company or at any meeting of any class of Members provided that the authorisation shall specify the number and class of Shares in respect of which each such representative is so authorised. Each person so authorised under the provisions of this Article shall be deemed to have been duly authorised without further evidence of the facts and be entitled to exercise the same rights and powers on behalf of the clearing house (or its nominee(s)) as if such person was the registered holder of such Shares held by the clearing house (or its nominee(s)).
Member with mental disorder
12.13 A Member in respect of whom an order has been made by any court having jurisdiction (whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere) in matters concerning mental disorder may vote, by that Member’s receiver, curator bonis or other person authorised in that behalf appointed by that court.
12.14 For the purpose of the preceding Article, evidence to the satisfaction of the Directors of the authority of the person claiming to exercise the right to vote must be received not less than 24 hours before holding the relevant meeting or the adjourned meeting in any manner specified for the delivery of forms of appointment of a proxy, whether in writing or by Electronic means. In default, the right to vote shall not be exercisable.
Objections to admissibility of votes
12.15 An objection to the validity of a person’s vote may only be raised at the meeting or at the adjourned meeting at which the vote is sought to be tendered. Any objection duly made shall be referred to the chairman whose decision shall be final and conclusive.
Form of proxy
12.16 An instrument appointing a proxy shall be in any common form or in any other form approved by the Directors.
12.17 The instrument must be in writing and signed in one of the following ways:
(a) by the Member; or
(b) by the Member’s authorised attorney; or
(c) if the Member is a corporation or other body corporate, under seal or signed by an authorised officer, secretary or attorney.
If the Directors so resolve, the Company may accept an Electronic Record of that instrument delivered in the manner specified below and otherwise satisfying the Articles about authentication of Electronic Records.
12.18 The Directors may require the production of any evidence which they consider necessary to determine the validity of any appointment of a proxy.
12.19 A Member may revoke the appointment of a proxy at any time by notice to the Company duly signed in accordance with Article 12.17.
12.20 No revocation by a Member of the appointment of a proxy made in accordance with Article 12.19 will affect the validity of any acts carried out by the relevant proxy before the Directors of the Company had actual notice of the revocation.
How and when proxy is to be delivered
12.21 Subject to the following Articles, the Directors may, in the notice convening any meeting or adjourned meeting, or in an instrument of proxy sent out by the Company, specify the manner by which the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited and the place and the time (being not later than the time appointed for the commencement of the meeting or adjourned meeting to which the proxy relates) at which the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited. In the absence of any such direction from the Directors in the notice convening any meeting or adjourned meeting or in an instrument of proxy sent out by the Company, the form of appointment of a proxy and any authority under which it is signed (or a copy of the authority certified notarially or in any other way approved by the Directors) must be delivered so that it is received by the Company before the time for holding the meeting or adjourned meeting at which the person named in the form of appointment of proxy proposes to vote. They must be delivered in either of the following ways:
(a) In the case of an instrument in writing, it must be left at or sent by post:
(i) to the registered office of the Company; or
(ii) to such other place specified in the notice convening the meeting or in any form of appointment of proxy sent out by the Company in relation to the meeting.
(b) If, pursuant to the notice provisions, a notice may be given to the Company in an Electronic Record, an Electronic Record of an appointment of a proxy must be sent to the address specified pursuant to those provisions unless another address for that purpose is specified:
(i) in the notice convening the meeting; or
(ii) in any form of appointment of a proxy sent out by the Company in relation to the meeting; or
(iii) in any invitation to appoint a proxy issued by the Company in relation to the meeting.
(c) Notwithstanding Article 12.21(a) and Article 12.21(b), the chairman of the Company may, in any event at his/her discretion, direct that an instrument of proxy shall be deemed to have been duly deposited.
12.22 Where a poll is taken:
(a) if it is taken more than seven Clear Days after it is demanded, the form of appointment of a proxy and any accompanying authority (or an Electronic Record of the same) must be delivered in accordance with Article 12.21 before the time appointed for the taking of the poll;
(b) if it to be taken within seven Clear Days after it was demanded, the form of appointment of a proxy and any accompanying authority (or an Electronic Record of the same) must be delivered in accordance with Article 12.21 before the time appointed for the taking of the poll.
12.23 If the form of appointment of proxy is not delivered on time, it is invalid.
12.24 When two or more valid but differing appointments of proxy are delivered or received in respect of the same Share for use at the same meeting and in respect of the same matter, the one which is last validly delivered or received (regardless of its date or of the date of its execution) shall be treated as replacing and revoking the other or others as regards that Share. lf the Company is unable to determine which appointment was last validly delivered or received, none of them shall be treated as valid in respect of that Share.
12.25 The Board may at the expense of the Company send forms of appointment of proxy to the Members by post (that is to say, pre-paying and posting a letter), or by Electronic communication or otherwise (with or without provision for their return by pre-paid post) for use at any General Meeting or at any separate meeting of the holders of any class of Shares, either blank or nominating as proxy in the alternative any one or more of the Directors or any other person. lf for the purpose of any meeting invitations to appoint as proxy a person or one of a number of persons specified in the invitations are issued at the Company’s expense, they shall be issued to all (and not to some only) of the Members entitled to be sent notice of the meeting and to vote at it. The accidental omission to send such a form of appointment or to give such an invitation to, or the non-receipt of such form of appointment by, any Member entitled to attend and vote at a meeting shall not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting
Voting by proxy
12.26 A proxy shall have the same voting rights at a meeting or adjourned meeting as the Member would have had except to the extent that the instrument appointing such person limits those rights. Notwithstanding the appointment of a proxy, a Member may attend and vote at a
meeting or adjourned meeting. If a Member votes on any resolution a vote by such Member’s proxy on the same resolution, unless in respect of different Shares, shall be invalid.
13 Number of Directors
13.1 There shall be a Board consisting of not less than three persons provided however that the Company may by Ordinary Resolution increase or reduce the limits in the number of Directors. Unless fixed by Ordinary Resolution, the maximum number of Directors shall be unlimited.
14 Appointment, disqualification and removal of Directors
First Directors
14.1 The first Directors shall be appointed in writing by the subscriber or subscribers to the Memorandum, or a majority of them.
No age limit
14.2 There is no age limit for Directors save that they must be at least eighteen years of age.
Corporate Directors
14.3 Unless prohibited by law, a body corporate may be a Director. If a body corporate is a Director, the Articles about representation of corporate Members at General Meetings apply, mutatis mutandis, to the Articles about Directors’ meetings.
No shareholding qualification
14.4 Unless a shareholding qualification for Directors is fixed by Ordinary Resolution, no Director shall be required to own Shares as a condition of his/her appointment.
Appointment of Directors
14.5 A Director may be appointed by Ordinary Resolution or by the Directors. Any appointment may be to fill a vacancy or as an additional Director.
14.6 A remaining Director may appoint a Director even though there is not a quorum of Directors.
14.7 No appointment can cause the number of Directors to exceed the maximum (if one is set); and any such appointment shall be invalid.
14.8 Subject to Article 17.14, for so long as Shares are listed on a Designated Stock Exchange, the Directors shall include at least such number of Independent Directors as applicable law, rules or regulations or the Designated Stock Exchange Rules require as determined by the Board.
Board’s power to appoint Directors
14.9 Without prejudice to the Company’s power to appoint a person to be a Director pursuant to these Articles, the Board shall have power at any time to appoint any person who is willing to act as a Director, either to fill a vacancy or as an addition to the existing Board, subject to the total number of Directors not exceeding any maximum number fixed by or in accordance with these Articles.
14.10 Any Director so appointed shall, if still a Director, retire at the next annual General Meeting after his/her appointment and be eligible to stand for election as a Director at such meeting.
Eligibility
14.11 No person (other than a Director retiring in accordance with these Articles) shall be appointed or re-appointed a Director at any General Meeting unless:
(a) such person is recommended by the Board; or
(b) not less than seven nor more than forty-two Clear Days before the date appointed for the meeting, a Member (other than the person to be proposed) entitled to vote at the meeting has given to the Company notice of such Member’s intention to propose a resolution for the appointment of that person, stating the particulars which would, if that person were so appointed, be required to be included in the Company’s register of Directors and a notice executed by that person of his/her willingness to be appointed.
Appointment at annual General Meeting
14.12 Unless re-appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 14.5 or removed from office pursuant to the provisions of Article 14.13, each Director shall be appointed for a term expiring at the next-following annual General Meeting of the Company. At any such annual General Meeting, Directors will be elected by Ordinary Resolution. At each annual General Meeting of the Company, each Director elected at such meeting shall be elected to hold office for a one-year term and until the election of their respective successors in office or removal pursuant to Articles 14.5 and 14.13.
Removal of Directors
14.13 A Director may be removed by Ordinary Resolution.
Resignation of Directors
14.14 A Director may at any time resign office by giving to the Company notice in writing or, if permitted pursuant to the notice provisions, in an Electronic Record delivered in either case in accordance with those provisions.
14.15 Unless the notice specifies a different date, the Director shall be deemed to have resigned on the date that the notice is delivered to the Company.
Termination of the office of Director
14.16 A Director may retire from office as a Director by giving notice in writing to that effect to the Company at the registered office, which notice shall be effective upon such date as may be specified in the notice, failing which upon delivery to the registered office.
14.17 Without prejudice to the provisions in these Articles for retirement (by rotation or otherwise), a Director’s office shall be terminated forthwith if:
(a) he/she is prohibited by the law of the Cayman Islands from acting as a Director; or
(b) he/she is made bankrupt or makes an arrangement or composition with his/her creditors generally; or
(c) he/she resigns his/her office by notice to the Company; or
(d) he/she only held office as a Director for a fixed term and such term expires; or
(e) in the opinion of a registered medical practitioner by whom he/she is being treated he/she becomes physically or mentally incapable of acting as a Director; or
(f) the majority of the other Directors (being not less than two in number) determine that he/she should be removed as a Director, either by a resolution passed by the majority of the other Directors at a meeting of the Directors duly convened and held in accordance with these Articles or by a resolution in writing signed by the majority of the other Directors; or
(g) he/she is made subject to any law relating to mental health or incompetence, whether by court order or otherwise; or
(h) without the consent of the other Directors, he/she is absent from meetings of Directors for a continuous period of six months.
15 Alternate Directors
Appointment and removal
15.1 Any Director may appoint any other person, including another Director, to act in his/her place as an alternate Director. No appointment shall take effect until the Director has given notice of the appointment to the Board.
15.2 Without limitation to the preceding Article, a Director may appoint an alternate for a particular meeting by sending an email to his/her fellow Directors informing them that they are to take such email as notice of such appointment for such meeting. Such appointment shall be
effective without the need for a signed notice of appointment or the giving of notice to the Company in accordance with Article 15.4.
15.3 A Director may revoke his/her appointment of an alternate at any time. No revocation shall take effect until the Director has given notice of the revocation to the Board.
15.4 Subject to Article 15.2, a notice of appointment or removal of an alternate Director shall be effective only if given to the Company by one or more of the following methods:
(a) by notice in writing in accordance with the notice provisions contained in these Articles;
(b) if the Company has a facsimile address for the time being, by sending by facsimile transmission to that facsimile address a facsimile copy or, otherwise, by sending by facsimile transmission to the facsimile address of the Company's registered office a facsimile copy (in either case, the facsimile copy being deemed to be the notice unless Article 29.7 applies), in which event notice shall be taken to be given on the date of an error-free transmission report from the sender’s fax machine;
(c) if the Company has an email address for the time being, by emailing to that email address a scanned copy of the notice as a PDF attachment or, otherwise, by emailing to the email address provided by the Company's registered office a scanned copy of the notice as a PDF attachment (in either case, the PDF version being deemed to be the notice unless Article 29.7 applies), in which event notice shall be taken to be given on the date of receipt by the Company or the Company's registered office (as appropriate) in readable form; or
(d) if permitted pursuant to the notice provisions, in some other form of approved Electronic Record delivered in accordance with those provisions in writing.
Notices
15.5 All notices of meetings of Directors shall continue to be given to the appointing Director and not to the alternate.
Rights of alternate Director
15.6 An alternate Director shall be entitled to attend and vote at any Board meeting or meeting of a committee of the Directors at which the appointing Director is not personally present, and generally to perform all the functions of the appointing Director in his/her absence. An alternate Director, however, is not entitled to receive any remuneration from the Company for services rendered as an alternate Director.
Appointment ceases when the appointor ceases to be a Director
15.7 An alternate Director shall cease to be an alternate Director if:
(a) the Director who appointed him/her ceases to be a Director; or
(b) the Director who appointed him/her revokes his/her appointment by notice delivered to the Board or to the registered office of the Company or in any other manner approved by the Board; or
(c) in any event happens in relation to him/her which, if he/she were a Director of the Company, would cause his/her office as Director to be vacated.
Status of alternate Director
15.8 An alternate Director shall carry out all functions of the Director who made the appointment.
15.9 Save where otherwise expressed, an alternate Director shall be treated as a Director under these Articles.
15.10 An alternate Director is not the agent of the Director appointing him/her.
15.11 An alternate Director is not entitled to any remuneration for acting as alternate Director.
Status of the Director making the appointment
15.12 A Director who has appointed an alternate is not thereby relieved from the duties which he/she owes the Company.
16 Powers of Directors
Powers of Directors
16.1 Subject to the provisions of the Act, the Memorandum and these Articles the business of the Company shall be managed by the Directors who may for that purpose exercise all the powers of the Company.
16.2 No prior act of the Directors shall be invalidated by any subsequent alteration of the Memorandum or these Articles. However, to the extent allowed by the Act, Members may, by Special Resolution, validate any prior or future act of the Directors which would otherwise be in breach of their duties.
Directors below the minimum number
16.3 lf the number of Directors is less than the minimum prescribed in accordance with these Articles, the remaining Director or Directors shall act only for the purposes of appointing an additional Director or Directors to make up such minimum or of convening a General Meeting of the Company for the purpose of making such appointment. lf there are no Director or Directors able or willing to act, any two Members may summon a General Meeting for the purpose of appointing Directors. Any additional Director so appointed shall hold office (subject
to these Articles) only until the dissolution of the annual General Meeting next following such appointment unless he/she is re-elected during such meeting.
Appointments to office
16.4 The Directors may appoint a Director:
(a) as chairman of the Board;
(b) as managing Director;
(c) to any other executive office,
for such period, and on such terms, including as to remuneration as they think fit.
16.5 The appointee must consent in writing to holding that office.
16.6 Where a chairman is appointed he/she shall, unless unable to do so, preside at every meeting of Directors.
16.7 If there is no chairman, or if the chairman is unable to preside at a meeting, that meeting may select its own chairman; or the Directors may nominate one of their member to act in place of the chairman should he/she ever not be available.
16.8 Subject to the provisions of the Act, the Directors may also appoint and remove any person, who need not be a Director:
(a) as Secretary; and
(b) to any office that may be required
for such period and on such terms, including as to remuneration, as they think fit. In the case of an Officer, that Officer may be given any title the Directors decide.
16.9 The Secretary or Officer must consent in writing to holding that office.
16.10 A Director, Secretary or other Officer of the Company may not hold the office, or perform the services, of auditor.
Provisions for employees
16.11 The Board may make provision for the benefit of any persons employed or formerly employed by the Company or any of its subsidiary undertakings (or any member of his/her family or any person who is dependent on him/her) in connection with the cessation or the transfer to any person of the whole or part of the undertaking of the Company or any of its subsidiary undertakings.
Exercise of voting rights
16.12 The Board may exercise the voting power conferred by the Shares in any body corporate held or owned by the Company in such manner in all respects as it thinks fit (including, without limitation, the exercise of that power in favour of any resolution appointing any Director as a director of such body corporate, or voting or providing for the payment of remuneration to the directors of such body corporate).
Remuneration
16.13 Every Director may be remunerated by the Company for the services he/she provides for the benefit of the Company, whether as Director, employee or otherwise, and shall be entitled to be paid for the expenses incurred in the Company’s business including attendance at Directors’ meetings.
16.14 Until otherwise determined by the Company by Ordinary Resolution, the Directors (other than alternate Directors) shall be entitled to such remuneration by way of fees for their services in the office of Director as the Directors may determine.
16.15 Remuneration may take any form and may include arrangements to pay pensions, health insurance, death or sickness benefits, whether to the Director or to any other person connected to or related to him/her.
16.16 Unless his/her fellow Directors determine otherwise, a Director is not accountable to the Company for remuneration or other benefits received from any other company which is in the same group as the Company or which has common shareholdings.
Disclosure of information
16.17 The Directors may release or disclose to a third party any information regarding the affairs of the Company, including any information contained in the register of Members relating to a Member, (and they may authorise any Director, Officer or other authorised agent of the Company to release or disclose to a third party any such information in such person’s possession) if:
(a) the Company or that person, as the case may be, is lawfully required to do so under the laws of any jurisdiction to which the Company is subject; or
(b) such disclosure is in compliance with the Designated Stock Exchange Rules; or
(c) such disclosure is in accordance with any contract entered into by the Company; or
(d) the Directors are of the opinion such disclosure would assist or facilitate the Company’s operations.
17 Delegation of powers
Power to delegate any of the Directors’ powers to a committee
17.1 The Directors may delegate any of their powers to any committee consisting of one or more persons who need not be Members. Persons on the committee may include non-Directors so long as the majority of those persons are Directors. Any such committee shall be made up of such number of Independent Directors as required from time to time by the Designated Stock Exchange Rules or otherwise required by applicable law.
17.2 The delegation may be collateral with, or to the exclusion of, the Directors’ own powers.
17.3 The delegation may be on such terms as the Directors think fit, including provision for the committee itself to delegate to a sub-committee; save that any delegation must be capable of being revoked or altered by the Directors at will.
17.4 Unless otherwise permitted by the Directors, a committee must follow the procedures prescribed for the taking of decisions by Directors.
17.5 Subject to Article 17.14, the Board shall be entitled to establish, among others, an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. Each of these committees shall be empowered to do all things necessary to exercise the rights of such committee set forth in these Articles. Each of the audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee shall consist of at least three Directors (or such larger minimum number as may be required from time to time by the Designated Stock Exchange Rules). Subject to Article 17.14, the majority of the committee members on each of the compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee shall be Independent Directors. The audit committee shall be made up of such number of Independent Directors as required from time to time by the Designated Stock Exchange Rules or otherwise required by applicable law.
Local boards
17.6 The Board may establish any local or divisional board or agency for managing any of the affairs of the Company whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere and may appoint any persons to be members of a local or divisional Board, or to be managers or agents, and may fix their remuneration.
17.7 The Board may delegate to any local or divisional board, manager or agent any of its powers and authorities (with power to sub-delegate) and may authorise the members of any local or divisional board or any of them to fill any vacancies and to act notwithstanding vacancies.
17.8 Any appointment or delegation under this Article 17.8 may be made on such terms and subject to such conditions as the Board thinks fit and the Board may remove any person so appointed, and may revoke or vary any delegation.
Power to appoint an agent of the Company
17.9 The Directors may appoint any person, either generally or in respect of any specific matter, to be the agent of the Company with or without authority for that person to delegate all or any of that person’s powers. The Directors may make that appointment:
(a) by causing the Company to enter into a power of attorney or agreement; or
(b) in any other manner they determine.
Power to appoint an attorney or authorised signatory of the Company
17.10 The Directors may appoint any person, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the Directors, to be the attorney or the authorised signatory of the Company. The appointment may be:
(a) for any purpose;
(b) with the powers, authorities and discretions;
(c) for the period; and
(d) subject to such conditions
as they think fit. The powers, authorities and discretions, however, must not exceed those vested in, or exercisable, by the Directors under these Articles. The Directors may do so by power of attorney or any other manner they think fit.
17.11 Any power of attorney or other appointment may contain such provision for the protection and convenience for persons dealing with the attorney or authorised signatory as the Directors think fit. Any power of attorney or other appointment may also authorise the attorney or authorised signatory to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in that person.
17.12 The Board may remove any person appointed under Article 17.10 and may revoke or vary the delegation.
Borrowing Powers
17.13 The Directors may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and assets both present and future and uncalled capital, or any part thereof, and to issue debentures and other securities, whether outright or as collateral security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or its parent undertaking (if any) or any subsidiary undertaking of the Company or of any third party.
Corporate Governance
17.14 The Board may, from time to time, and except as required by applicable law or the Designated Stock Exchange Rules, adopt, institute, amend, modify or revoke the corporate governance policies or initiatives of the Company, which shall be intended to set forth the guiding principles and policies of the Company and the Board on various corporate governance related matters as the Board shall determine by resolution from time to time.
18 Meetings of Directors
Regulation of Directors’ meetings
18.1 Subject to the provisions of these Articles, the Directors may regulate their proceedings as they think fit.
Calling meetings
18.2 Any Director may call a meeting of Directors at any time. The Secretary must call a meeting of the Directors if requested to do so by a Director.
Notice of meetings
18.3 Notice of a Board meeting may be given to a Director personally or by word of mouth or given in writing or by Electronic communications at such address as he/she may from time to time specify for this purpose (or, if he/she does not specify an address, at his/her last known address). A Director may waive his/her right to receive notice of any meeting either prospectively or retrospectively.
18.4 Every Director shall be given notice of a meeting, although a Director may waive retrospectively the requirement to be given notice. Attendance at a meeting without written objection shall be deemed to be a waiver of such notice requirement.
Use of technology
18.5 A Director may participate in a meeting of Directors through the medium of conference telephone, video or any other form of communications equipment providing all persons participating in the meeting are able to hear and speak to each other throughout the meeting.
18.6 A Director participating in this way is deemed to be present in person at the meeting.
Quorum
18.7 The quorum for the transaction of business at a meeting of Directors shall be two unless the Directors fix some other number.
Chairman or deputy to preside
18.8 The Board may appoint a chairman and one or more deputy chairman or chairmen and may at any time revoke any such appointment.
18.9 The chairman, or failing him/her any deputy chairman (the longest in office taking precedence if more than one is present), shall preside at all Board meetings. If no chairman or deputy chairman has been appointed, or if he/she is not present within five minutes after the time fixed for holding the meeting, or is unwilling to act as chairman of the meeting, the Directors present shall choose one of their member to act as chairman of the meeting.
Voting
18.10 A question which arises at a Board meeting shall be decided by a majority of votes. If votes are equal the chairman may, if he/she wishes, exercise a casting vote.
Recording of dissent
18.11 A Director present at a meeting of Directors shall be presumed to have assented to any action taken at that meeting unless:
(a) his/her dissent is entered in the minutes of the meeting; or
(b) he has filed with the meeting before it is concluded signed dissent from that action; or
(c) he has forwarded to the Company as soon as practical following the conclusion of that meeting signed dissent.
A Director who votes in favour of an action is not entitled to record his/her dissent to it.
Written resolutions
18.12 The Directors may pass a resolution in writing without holding a meeting if all Directors sign a document or sign several documents in the like form each signed by one or more of those Directors.
18.13 A written resolution signed by a validly appointed alternate Director need not also be signed by the appointing Director.
18.14 A written resolution signed personally by the appointing Director need not also be signed by his/her alternate.
18.15 A resolution in writing passed pursuant to Article 18.12, Article 18.13 and/or Article 18.14 shall be as effective as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Directors duly convened and held; and it shall be treated as having been passed on the day and at the time that the last Director signs (and for the avoidance of doubt, such day may or may not be a Business Day).
Validity of acts of Directors in spite of formal defect
18.16 All acts done by a meeting of the Board, or of a committee of the Board, or by any person acting as a Director or an alternate Director, shall, notwithstanding that it is afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any Director or alternate Director or member of the committee, or that any of them were disqualified or had vacated office or were not entitled to vote, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and qualified and had continued to be a Director or alternate Director and had been entitled to vote.
19 Permissible Directors' interests and disclosure
Permissible interests subject to disclosure
19.1 Save as expressly permitted by these Articles or as set out below, a Director may not have a direct or indirect interest or duty which conflicts or may possibly conflict with the interests of the Company.
19.2 If, notwithstanding the prohibition in the preceding Article, a Director discloses to his/her fellow Directors the nature and extent of any material interest or duty in accordance with the next Article, he/she may:
(a) be a party to, or otherwise interested in, any transaction or arrangement with the Company or in which the Company is or may otherwise be interested; or
(b) be interested in another body corporate promoted by the Company or in which the Company is otherwise interested. In particular, the Director may be a director, secretary or officer of, or employed by, or be a party to any transaction or arrangement with, or otherwise interested in, that other body corporate.
19.3 Such disclosure may be made at a meeting of the board or otherwise (and, if otherwise, it must be made in writing). The Director must disclose the nature and extent of his/her direct or indirect interest in or duty in relation to a transaction or arrangement or series of transactions or arrangements with the Company or in which the Company has any material interest.
19.4 If a Director has made disclosure in accordance with the preceding Article, then he/she shall not, by reason only of his/her office, be accountable to the Company for any benefit that he/she derives from any such transaction or arrangement or from any such office or employment or from any interest in any such body corporate, and no such transaction or arrangement shall be liable to be avoided on the ground of any such interest or benefit.
Notification of interests
19.5 For the purposes of the preceding Articles:
(a) a general notice that a Director gives to the other Directors that he/she is to be regarded as having an interest of the nature and extent specified in the notice in any transaction
or arrangement in which a specified person or class of persons is interested shall be deemed to be a disclosure that he/she has an interest in or duty in relation to any such transaction of the nature and extent so specified; and
(b) an interest of which a Director has no knowledge and of which it is unreasonable to expect such Director to have knowledge shall not be treated as an interest of his/her.
Voting where a Director is interested in a matter
19.6 A Director may vote at a meeting of Directors on any resolution concerning a matter in which that Director has an interest or duty, whether directly or indirectly, so long as that Director discloses any material interest pursuant to these Articles. The Director shall be counted towards a quorum of those present at the meeting. If the Director votes on the resolution, his/her vote shall be counted.
19.7 Where proposals are under consideration concerning the appointment of two or more Directors to offices or employment with the Company or any body corporate in which the Company is interested, the proposals may be divided and considered in relation to each Director separately and each of the Directors concerned shall be entitled to vote and be counted in the quorum in respect of each resolution except that concerning his or her own appointment.
20 Minutes
20.1 The Company shall cause minutes to be made in books of:
(a) all appointments of Officers and committees made by the Board and of any such Officer’s remuneration; and
(b) the names of Directors present at every meeting of the Directors, a committee of the Board, the Company or the holders of any class of shares or debentures, and all orders, resolutions and proceedings of such meetings.
20.2 Any such minutes, if purporting to be signed by the chairman of the meeting at which the proceedings were held or by the chairman of the next succeeding meeting or the Secretary, shall be prima facie evidence of the matters stated in them.
21 Accounts and audit; Financial year
21.1 The Directors must ensure that proper accounting and other records are kept, and that accounts and associated reports are distributed in accordance with the requirements of the Act.
21.2 Unless the Directors otherwise prescribe, the financial year of the Company shall end on 30 June in each year and begin on 1 July in each year.
Auditors
21.3 The Directors may appoint an Auditor of the Company who shall hold office on such terms as the Directors determine.
21.4 At any General Meeting convened and held at any time in accordance with these Articles, the Members may, by Ordinary Resolution, remove the Auditor before the expiration of its term of office. If they do so, the Members shall, by Ordinary Resolution, at that meeting appoint another Auditor in its stead for the remainder of its term.
21.5 The Auditors shall examine such books, accounts and vouchers; as may be necessary for the performance of their duties.
21.6 The Auditors shall, if so requested by the Directors, make a report on the accounts of the Company during their tenure of office at the next annual General Meeting following their appointment, and at any time during their term of office, upon request of the Directors or any General Meeting of the Company.
22 Record dates
22.1 Except to the extent of any conflicting rights attached to Shares, the resolution declaring a dividend on Shares of any class, whether it be an Ordinary Resolution of the Members or a Director’s resolution, may specify that the dividend is payable or distributable to the persons registered as the holders of those Shares at the close of business on a particular date, notwithstanding that the date may be a date prior to that on which the resolution is passed.
22.2 If the resolution does so specify, the dividend shall be payable or distributable to the persons registered as the holders of those Shares at the close of business on the specified date in accordance with their respective holdings so registered, but without prejudice to the rights inter se in respect of the dividend of transferors and transferees of any of those Shares.
22.3 The provisions of this Article apply, mutatis mutandis, to bonuses, capitalisation issues, distributions of realised capital profits or offers or grants made by the Company to the Members.
23 Dividends
Source of dividends
23.1 Dividends may be declared and paid out of any funds of the Company lawfully available for distribution.
23.2 Subject to the requirements of the Act regarding the application of a company’s Share premium account and with the sanction of an Ordinary Resolution, dividends may also be declared and paid out of any share premium account.
Declaration of dividends by Members
23.3 Subject to the provisions of the Act, the Company may by Ordinary Resolution declare dividends in accordance with the respective rights of the Members but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by the Directors.
Payment of interim dividends and declaration of final dividends by Directors
23.4 The Directors may declare and pay interim dividends or recommend final dividends in accordance with the respective rights of the Members if it appears to them that they are justified by the financial position of the Company and that such dividends may lawfully be paid.
23.5 Subject to the provisions of the Act, in relation to the distinction between interim dividends and final dividends, the following applies:
(a) Upon determination to pay a dividend or dividends described as interim by the Directors in the dividend resolution, no debt shall be created by the declaration until such time as payment is made.
(b) Upon declaration of a dividend or dividends described as final by the Directors in the dividend resolution, a debt shall be created immediately following the declaration, the due date to be the date the dividend is stated to be payable in the resolution.
If the resolution fails to specify whether a dividend is final or interim, it shall be assumed to be interim.
23.6 In relation to Shares carrying differing rights to dividends or rights to dividends at a fixed rate, the following applies:
(a) If the share capital is divided into different classes, the Directors may pay dividends on Shares which confer deferred or non-preferred rights with regard to dividends as well as on Shares which confer preferential rights with regard to dividends but no dividend shall be paid on Shares carrying deferred or non-preferred rights if, at the time of payment, any preferential dividend is in arrears.
(b) The Directors may also pay, at intervals settled by them, any dividend payable at a fixed rate if it appears to them that there are sufficient funds of the Company lawfully available for distribution to justify the payment.
(c) If the Directors act in good faith, they shall not incur any liability to the Members holding Shares conferring preferred rights for any loss those Members may suffer by the lawful payment of the dividend on any Shares having deferred or non-preferred rights.
Apportionment of dividends
23.7 Except as otherwise provided by the rights attached to Shares all dividends shall be declared and paid according to the amounts Paid Up on the Shares on which the dividend is paid. All dividends shall be apportioned and paid proportionately to the amount Paid Up on the Shares during the time or part of the time in respect of which the dividend is paid. But if a Share is issued on terms providing that it shall rank for dividend as from a particular date, that Share shall rank for dividend accordingly.
Right of set off
23.8 The Directors may deduct from a dividend or any other amount payable to a person in respect of a Share any amount due by that person to the Company on a call or otherwise in relation to a Share.
Power to pay other than in cash
23.9 If the Directors so determine, any resolution declaring a dividend may direct that it shall be satisfied wholly or partly by the distribution of assets. If a difficulty arises in relation to the distribution, the Directors may settle that difficulty in any way they consider appropriate. For example, they may do any one or more of the following:
(a) issue fractional Shares;
(b) fix the value of assets for distribution and make cash payments to some Members on the footing of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of Members; and
(c) vest some assets in trustees.
How payments may be made
23.10 A dividend or other monies payable on or in respect of a Share may be paid in any of the following ways:
(a) if the Member holding that Share or other person entitled to that Share nominates a bank account for that purpose - by wire transfer to that bank account; or
(b) by cheque or warrant sent by post to the registered address of the Member holding that Share or other person entitled to that Share.
23.11 For the purposes of Article 23.10(a), the nomination may be in writing or in an Electronic Record and the bank account nominated may be the bank account of another person. For the purposes of Article 23.10(b), subject to any applicable law or regulation, the cheque or warrant shall be made to the order of the Member holding that Share or other person entitled to the Share or to his nominee, whether nominated in writing or in an Electronic Record, and payment of the cheque or warrant shall be a good discharge to the Company.
23.12 If two or more persons are registered as the holders of the Share or are jointly entitled to it by reason of the death or bankruptcy of the registered holder (Joint Holders), a dividend (or other amount) payable on or in respect of that Share may be paid as follows:
(a) to the registered address of the Joint Holder of the Share who is named first on the register of Members or to the registered address of the deceased or bankrupt holder, as the case may be; or
(b) to the address or bank account of another person nominated by the Joint Holders, whether that nomination is in writing or in an Electronic Record.
23.13 Any Joint Holder of a Share may give a valid receipt for a dividend (or other amount) payable in respect of that Share.
Dividends or other monies not to bear interest in absence of special rights
23.14 Unless provided for by the rights attached to a Share, no dividend or other monies payable by the Company in respect of a Share shall bear interest.
Dividends unable to be paid or unclaimed
23.15 If a dividend cannot be paid to a Member or remains unclaimed within six weeks after it was declared or both, the Directors may pay it into a separate account in the Company’s name. If a dividend is paid into a separate account, the Company shall not be constituted trustee in respect of that account and the dividend shall remain a debt due to the Member.
23.16 A dividend that remains unclaimed for a period of six years after it became due for payment shall be forfeited to, and shall cease to remain owing by, the Company.
24 Capitalisation of profits
Capitalisation of profits or of any share premium account or capital redemption reserve;
24.1 The Directors may resolve to capitalise:
(a) any part of the Company’s profits not required for paying any preferential dividend (whether or not those profits are available for distribution); or
(b) any sum standing to the credit of the Company's share premium account or capital redemption reserve, if any.
24.2 The amount resolved to be capitalised must be appropriated to the Members who would have been entitled to it had it been distributed by way of dividend and in the same proportions. The benefit to each Member so entitled must be given in either or both of the following ways::
(a) by paying up the amounts unpaid on that Member's Shares;
(b) by issuing Fully Paid Up Shares, debentures or other securities of the Company to that Member or as that Member directs. The Directors may resolve that any Shares issued to the Member in respect of Partly Paid Up Shares (Original Shares) rank for dividend only to the extent that the Original Shares rank for dividend while those Original Shares remain Partly Paid Up.
Applying an amount for the benefit of Members
24.3 The amount capitalised must be applied to the benefit of Members in the proportions to which the Members would have been entitled to dividends if the amount capitalised had been distributed as a dividend.
24.4 Subject to the Act, if a fraction of a Share, a debenture or other security is allocated to a Member, the Directors may issue a fractional certificate to that Member or pay such person the cash equivalent of the fraction.
25 Share Premium Account
Directors to maintain share premium account
25.1 The Directors shall establish a share premium account in accordance with the Act. They shall carry to the credit of that account from time to time an amount equal to the amount or value of the premium paid on the issue of any Share or capital contributed or such other amounts required by the Act.
Debits to share premium account
25.2 The following amounts shall be debited to any share premium account:
(a) on the redemption or purchase of a Share, the difference between the nominal value of that Share and the redemption or purchase price; and
(b) any other amount paid out of a share premium account as permitted by the Act.
25.3 Notwithstanding the preceding Article, on the redemption or purchase of a Share, the Directors may pay the difference between the nominal value of that Share and the redemption purchase price out of the profits of the Company or, as permitted by the Act, out of capital.
26 Seal
Company seal
26.1 The Company may have a seal if the Directors so determine.
Duplicate seal
26.2 Subject to the provisions of the Act, the Company may also have a duplicate seal or seals for use in any place or places outside the Cayman Islands. Each duplicate seal shall be a facsimile of the original seal of the Company. However, if the Directors so determine, a duplicate seal shall have added on its face the name of the place where it is to be used.
When and how seal is to be used
26.3 A seal may only be used by the authority of the Directors. Unless the Directors otherwise determine, a document to which a seal is affixed must be signed in one of the following ways:
(a) by a Director (or his/her alternate) and the Secretary; or
(b) by a single Director (or his/her alternate).
If no seal is adopted or used
26.4 If the Directors do not adopt a seal, or a seal is not used, a document may be executed in the following manner:
(a) by a Director (or his/her alternate) or any Officer to which authority has been delegated by resolution duly adopted by the Directors; or
(b) by a single Director (or his/her alternate); or
(c) in any other manner permitted by the Act.
Power to allow non-manual signatures and facsimile printing of seal
26.5 The Directors may determine that either or both of the following applies:
(a) that the seal or a duplicate seal need not be affixed manually but may be affixed by some other method or system of reproduction;
(b) that a signature required by these Articles need not be manual but may be a mechanical or Electronic Signature.
Validity of execution
26.6 If a document is duly executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Company, it shall not be regarded as invalid merely because, at the date of the delivery, the Secretary, or the Director, or other Officer or person who signed the document or affixed the seal for and on behalf of the Company ceased to be the Secretary or hold that office and authority on behalf of the Company.
27 Indemnity
27.1 To the extent permitted by law, the Company shall indemnify each existing or former Director (including alternate Director), Secretary and other Officer of the Company (including an investment adviser or an administrator or liquidator) and their personal representatives against:
(a) all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by the existing or former Director (including alternate Director), Secretary or Officer in or about the conduct of the Company's business or affairs or in the execution or discharge of the existing or former Director's (including alternate Director's), Secretary’s or Officer’s duties, powers, authorities or discretions; and
(b) without limitation to paragraph (a), all costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by the existing or former Director (including alternate Director), Secretary or Officer in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative proceedings (whether threatened, pending or completed) concerning the Company or its affairs in any court or tribunal, whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere.
Such indemnity only applies if the Directors are of the view that, in the absence of fraud, wilful default or wilful neglect, an existing or former Director (including alternate Director), Secretary or Officer acted honestly and in good faith with a view to what the person believes is in the best interests of the Company and, in the case of criminal proceedings, such person had no reasonable cause to believe that their conduct was unlawful. No such existing or former Director (including alternate Director), Secretary or Officer, however, shall be indemnified in respect of any matter arising out of his/her own actual fraud, wilful default or wilful neglect.
27.2 To the extent permitted by Act, the Company may make a payment, or agree to make a payment, whether by way of advance, loan or otherwise, for any legal costs incurred by an existing or former Director (including alternate Director), Secretary or Officer of the Company in respect of any matter identified in Article 27.1 on condition that the Director (including alternate Director), Secretary or Officer must repay the amount paid by the Company to the extent that it is ultimately found not liable to indemnify the Director (including alternate Director), Secretary or that Officer for those legal costs.
Release
27.3 To the extent permitted by Act, the Company may by Special Resolution release any existing or former Director (including alternate Director), Secretary or other Officer of the Company from liability for any loss or damage or right to compensation which may arise out of or in connection with the execution or discharge of the duties, powers, authorities or discretions of his/her office; but there may be no release from liability arising out of or in connection with that person’s own actual fraud, wilful default or wilful neglect.
Insurance
27.4 To the extent permitted by Act, the Company may pay, or agree to pay, a premium in respect of a contract insuring each of the following persons against risks determined by the Directors, other than liability arising out of that person’s own dishonesty:
(a) an existing or former Director (including alternate Director), Secretary or Officer of:
(i) the Company;
(ii) a company which is or was a subsidiary of the Company;
(iii) a company in which the Company has or had an interest (whether direct or indirect); and
(b) a trustee of an employee or retirement benefits scheme or other trust in which any of the persons referred to in paragraph (a) is or was interested.
28 Notices
Form of notices
28.1 Save where these Articles provide otherwise, and subject to the Designated Stock Exchange Rules, any notice to be given to or by any person pursuant to these Articles shall be:
(a) in writing signed by or on behalf of the giver in the manner set out below for written notices; or
(b) subject to the next Article, in an Electronic Record signed by or on behalf of the giver by Electronic Signature and authenticated in accordance with Articles about authentication of Electronic Records; or
(c) where these Articles expressly permit, by the Company by means of a website.
Electronic communications
28.2 A notice may only be given to the Company in an Electronic Record if:
(a) the Directors so resolve or otherwise accept the notice; and
(b) any Director or Officer provides the giver of the notice an electronic address to which the notice may be sent and a notice is sent to that address within a reasonable period of time.
28.3 A notice may not be given by Electronic Record to a person other than the Company unless the recipient has notified the giver of an Electronic address to which notice may be sent.
28.4 Subject to the Act, the Designated Stock Exchange Rules and to any other rules which the Company is bound to follow, the Company may also send any notice or other document (other than notice of general meeting) pursuant to these Articles to a Member by publishing that notice or other document on a website where:
(a) the Company and the Member have agreed to his/her/its having access to the notice or document on a website (instead of it being sent to such person);
(b) the notice or document is one to which that agreement applies;
(c) the Member is notified (in accordance with any requirements laid down by the Act and, in a manner for the time being agreed between such person and the Company for the purpose) of:
(i) the publication of the notice or document on a website;
(ii) the address of that website; and
(iii) the place on that website where the notice or document may be accessed, and how it may be accessed; and
(d) the notice or document is published on that website throughout the publication period, provided that, if the notice or document is published on that website for a part, but not all of, the publication period, the notice or document shall be treated as being published throughout that period if the failure to publish that notice of document throughout that period is wholly attributable to circumstances which it would not be reasonable to have expected the Company to prevent or avoid. For the purposes of this Article 28.4 "publication period" means a period of not less than twenty-one days, beginning on the day on which the notification referred to in Article 28.4(c) is deemed sent.
Validity despite accidental error in publication on website
28.5 If, for the purpose of a meeting, documents are sent by being published on a website in accordance with the Article 10.17, the proceedings at that meeting are not invalidated merely because:
(a) those documents are, by accident, published in a different place on the website to the place notified; or
(b) they are published for part only of the period from the date of notification until the conclusion of that meeting.
Persons entitled to notices
28.6 Any notice or other document to be given to a Member may be given by reference to the register of Members as it stands at any time within the period of twenty-one days before the day that
the notice is given or (where and as applicable) within any other period permitted by, or in accordance with the requirements of, (to the extent applicable) the Designated Stock Exchange Rules and/or the Designated Stock Exchanges. No change in the register of Members after that time shall invalidate the giving of such notice or document or require the Company to give such item to any other person.
Persons authorised to give notices
28.7 A notice by either the Company or a Member pursuant to these Articles may be given on behalf of the Company or a Member by a Director or company secretary of the Company or a Member.
Delivery of written notices
28.8 Save where these Articles provide otherwise, a notice in writing may be given personally to the recipient, or left at (as appropriate) the Member’s or Director’s registered address or the Company’s registered office, or posted to that registered address or registered office.
Joint holders
28.9 Where Members are joint holders of a Share, all notices shall be given to the Member whose name first appears in the register of Members.
Signatures
28.10 A written notice shall be signed when it is autographed by or on behalf of the giver, or is marked in such a way as to indicate its execution or adoption by the giver.
28.11 An Electronic Record may be signed by an Electronic Signature.
Evidence of transmission
28.12 A notice given by Electronic Record shall be deemed sent if an Electronic Record is kept demonstrating the time, date and content of the transmission, and if no notification of failure to transmit is received by the giver.
28.13 A notice given in writing shall be deemed sent if the giver can provide proof that the envelope containing the notice was properly addressed, pre-paid and posted, or that the written notice was otherwise properly transmitted to the recipient.
28.14 A Member present, either in person or by proxy, at any meeting of the Company or of the holders of any class of Shares shall be deemed to have received due notice of the meeting and, where requisite, of the purposes for which it was called.
Giving notice to a deceased or bankrupt Member
28.15 A notice may be given by the Company to the persons entitled to a Share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a Member by sending or delivering it, in any manner authorised by
these Articles for the giving of notice to a Member, addressed to them by name, or by the title of representatives of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt or by any like description, at the address, if any, supplied for that purpose by the persons claiming to be so entitled.
28.16 Until such an address has been supplied, a notice may be given in any manner in which it might have been given if the death or bankruptcy had not occurred.
Date of giving notices
28.17 A notice is given on the date identified in the following table
Method for giving notices |
When taken to be given |
(A) Personally |
At the time and date of delivery |
(B) By leaving it at the Member's registered address |
At the time and date it was left |
(C) By posting it by prepaid post to the street or postal address of that recipient |
48 hours after the date it was posted |
(D) By Electronic Record (other than publication on a website), to recipient's Electronic address |
48 hours after the date it was sent |
(E) By publication on a website |
24 hours after the date on which the Member is deemed to have been notified of the publication of the notice or document on the website in accordance with these Articles. |
Saving provision
28.18 None of the preceding notice provisions shall derogate from the Articles about the delivery of written resolutions of Directors and written resolutions of Members.
29 Authentication of Electronic Records
Application of Articles
29.1 Without limitation to any other provision of these Articles, any notice, written resolution or other document under these Articles that is sent by Electronic means by a Member, or by the Secretary, or by a Director or other Officer of the Company, shall be deemed to be authentic if either Article 29.2 or Article 29.4 applies.
Authentication of documents sent by Members by Electronic means
29.2 An Electronic Record of a notice, written resolution or other document sent by Electronic means by or on behalf of one or more Members shall be deemed to be authentic if the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) the Member or each Member, as the case may be, signed the original document, and for this purpose Original Document includes several documents in like form signed by one or more of those Members; and
(b) the Electronic Record of the Original Document was sent by Electronic means by, or at the direction of, that Member to an address specified in accordance with these Articles for the purpose for which it was sent; and
(c) Article 29.7 does not apply.
29.3 For example, where a sole Member signs a resolution and sends the Electronic Record of the original resolution, or causes it to be sent, by facsimile transmission to the address in these Articles specified for that purpose, the facsimile copy shall be deemed to be the written resolution of that Member unless Article 29.7 applies.
Authentication of document sent by the Secretary or Officers of the Company by Electronic means
29.4 An Electronic Record of a notice, written resolution or other document sent by or on behalf of the Secretary or an Officer or Officers of the Company shall be deemed to be authentic if the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) the Secretary or the Officer or each Officer, as the case may be, signed the original document, and for this purpose Original Document includes several documents in like form signed by the Secretary or one or more of those Officers; and
(b) the Electronic Record of the Original Document was sent by Electronic means by, or at the direction of, the Secretary or that Officer to an address specified in accordance with these Articles for the purpose for which it was sent; and
(c) Article 29.7 does not apply.
This Article 29.4 applies whether the document is sent by or on behalf of the Secretary or Officer in his/her own right or as a representative of the Company.
29.5 For example, where a sole Director signs a resolution and scans the resolution, or causes it to be scanned, as a PDF version which is attached to an email sent to the address in these Articles specified for that purpose, the PDF version shall be deemed to be the written resolution of that Director unless Article 29.7 applies.
Manner of signing
29.6 For the purposes of these Articles about the authentication of Electronic Records, a document will be taken to be signed if it is signed manually or in any other manner permitted by these Articles.
Saving provision
29.7 A notice, written resolution or other document under these Articles will not be deemed to be authentic if the recipient, acting reasonably:
(a) believes that the signature of the signatory has been altered after the signatory had signed the original document; or
(b) believes that the original document, or the Electronic Record of it, was altered, without the approval of the signatory, after the signatory signed the original document; or
(c) otherwise doubts the authenticity of the Electronic Record of the document
and the recipient promptly gives notice to the sender setting the grounds of its objection. If the recipient invokes this Article, the sender may seek to establish the authenticity of the Electronic Record in any way the sender thinks fit.
30 Transfer by way of continuation
30.1 The Company may, by Special Resolution, resolve to be registered by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside:
(a) the Cayman Islands; or
(b) such other jurisdiction in which it is, for the time being, incorporated, registered or existing.
30.2 To give effect to any resolution made pursuant to the preceding Article, the Directors may cause the following:
(a) an application be made to the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands to deregister the Company in the Cayman Islands or in the other jurisdiction in which it is for the time being incorporated, registered or existing; and
(b) all such further steps as they consider appropriate to be taken to effect the transfer by way of continuation of the Company.
31 Winding up
Distribution of assets in specie
31.1 If the Company is wound up the Members may, subject to these Articles and any other sanction required by the Act, pass a Special Resolution allowing the liquidator to do either or both of the following:
(a) to divide in specie among the Members the whole or any part of the assets of the Company and, for that purpose, to value any assets and to determine how the division shall be carried out as between the Members or different classes of Members; and/or
(b) to vest the whole or any part of the assets in trustees for the benefit of Members and those liable to contribute to the winding up.
No obligation to accept liability
31.2 No Member shall be compelled to accept any assets if an obligation attaches to them.
31.3 The Directors are authorised to present a winding up petition
31.4 The Directors have the authority to present a petition for the winding up of the Company to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands on behalf of the Company without the sanction of a resolution passed at a General Meeting.
32 Amendment of Memorandum and Articles
Power to change name or amend Memorandum
32.1 Subject to the Act, the Company may, by Special Resolution:
(a) change its name; or
(b) change the provisions of its Memorandum with respect to its objects, powers or any other matter specified in the Memorandum.
Power to amend these Articles
32.2 Subject to the Act and as provided in these Articles, the Company may, by Special Resolution, amend these Articles in whole or in part.
33 Mergers and Consolidations
33.1 The Company shall have the power to merge or consolidate with one or more constituent companies (as defined in the Act) upon such terms as the Directors may determine and (to the extent required by the Act) with the approval of a Special Resolution.
34 Certain Tax Filings
34.1 Each Tax Filing Authorised Person and any such other person, acting alone, as any Director shall designate from time to time, are authorised to file tax forms SS-4, W-8 BEN, W-8 IMY, W-9, 8832 and 2553 and such other tax forms as are customary to file with any US state or federal governmental authorities or foreign governmental authorities in connection with the formation, activities and/or elections of the Company and such other tax forms as may be approved from time to time by any Director of the Company or an Officer. The Company further ratifies and approves any such filing made by any Tax Filing Authorised Person or such other person prior to the date of these Articles.