(b)At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, excluded operating lease assets of $11.5 billion and $10.4 billion, respectively. These operating lease assets are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 16 for further information.
(c)Includes scored auto and business banking loans, and overdrafts.
(d)Includes scored mortgage loans held in CCB and CIB, and other consumer unsecured loans in CIB.
(e)Credit card, home equity and certain business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available lines of credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit would be used at the same time. For credit card commitments, and if certain conditions are met, home equity commitments and certain business banking commitments, the Firm can reduce or cancel these lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. Refer to Note 22 for further information.
(f)Includes billed interest and fees.
(g)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CIB.
有关VaR的进一步信息,包括风险管理VaR和监管VaR之间的主要区别,请参阅JPMorgan Chase 2023 Form 10-k的第137页。请参考摩根大通的巴塞尔III支柱3监管资本披露报告,该报告可在摩根大通的网站上获得, f或关于监管VaR和公司市场风险监管资本的其他组成部分的其他信息(例如,基于VaR的衡量标准、强调的基于VaR的衡量标准和各自的回测)。请参阅上的其他风险措施第140-143页 的 摩根大通2023年10-K表格有关该公司使用的非统计市场风险衡量标准的进一步信息。
77
The table below shows the results of the Firm’s Risk Management VaR measure using a 95% confidence level. VaR can vary significantly as positions change, market volatility fluctuates, and diversification benefits change.
Total VaR
Three months ended
September 30, 2024
June 30, 2024
September 30, 2023
(in millions)
Avg.
Min
Max
Avg.
Min
Max
Avg.
Min
Max
CIB trading VaR by risk type(a)
Fixed income
$
37
$
28
$
53
$
31
$
26
$
37
$
49
$
34
$
63
Foreign exchange
15
12
21
18
15
23
17
9
26
Equities
8
5
15
7
5
11
7
5
11
Commodities and other
8
6
9
9
7
11
10
8
13
Diversification benefit to CIB trading VaR(b)
(33)
NM
NM
(32)
NM
NM
(48)
NM
NM
CIB trading VaR
35
31
42
33
28
37
35
27
44
Credit Portfolio VaR(c)
21
18
23
21
18
25
15
12
18
Diversification benefit to CIB VaR(b)
(14)
NM
NM
(16)
NM
NM
(12)
NM
NM
CIB VaR
42
34
51
38
33
43
38
30
47
CCB VaR
4
2
6
2
1
4
5
2
9
AWM VaR(d)
9
8
9
8
7
9
NM
NM
NM
Corporate VaR(d)(e)
25
9
43
48
7
102
11
9
13
Diversification benefit to other VaR(b)
(13)
NM
NM
(9)
NM
NM
(4)
NM
NM
Other VaR
25
10
42
49
10
101
12
9
15
Diversification benefit to CIB and other VaR(b)
(22)
NM
NM
(31)
NM
NM
(9)
NM
NM
Total VaR
$
45
$
38
$
56
$
56
$
39
$
91
$
41
$
32
$
52
(a)The impact of the business segment reorganization in the second quarter of 2024 was not material to Total CIB VaR. Prior periods have not been revised. Refer to Business Segment Results on pages 20-21 for additional information.
(b)Diversification benefit represents the difference between the portfolio VaR and the sum of its individual components. This reflects the non-additive nature of VaR due to imperfect correlation across LOBs, Corporate, and risk types. For maximum and minimum VaR, diversification benefit is not meaningful as the maximum and minimum VaR for each portfolio may have occurred on different trading days than the components.
(c)Includes the derivative CVA, hedges of the CVA and credit protection purchased against certain retained loans and lending-related commitments, which are reported in principal transactions revenue. This VaR does not include the retained loan portfolio, which is not reported at fair value. In line with the Firm's internal model governance, the credit risk component of CVA related to certain counterparties was removed from Credit Portfolio VaR due to the widening of the credit spreads for those counterparties to elevated levels. The related hedges were also removed to maintain consistency. This exposure is now reflected in other sensitivity-based measures.
(d)In the second quarter of 2024, the presentation of Corporate and other LOB VaR was updated to disaggregate AWM VaR due to the increase associated with credit protection purchased against certain retained loans and lending-related commitments. The VaR does not include the retained loan portfolio, which is not reported at fair value.
(e)Includes a legacy private equity position which is publicly traded, as well as Visa C shares which the Firm disposed of in the second and third quarters of 2024. Refer to Consolidated Results of Operations on pages 9–14 for additional information.
Quarter over quarter results
Average total VaR for the three months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $11 million, when compared with June 30, 2024, driven by decreases in Visa C share exposure in Corporate VaR, partially offset by increased risk exposure in fixed income.
Year over year results
Average total VaR for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $4 million, compared with the same period in the prior year primarily due to increases associated with credit protection purchased against certain retained loans and lending-related commitments within Credit Portfolio VaR and AWM VaR, as well as the impact of Visa C shares to Corporate VaR, largely offset by volatility rolling out of the one-year historical look-back period impacting fixed income.
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The following graph presents daily Risk Management VaR for the five trailing quarters. The increase in VaR and subsequent decline observed in the second quarter of 2024 was primarily driven by changes in Visa C share exposure in the Firm's Corporate VaR.
Daily Risk Management VaR
Third Quarter 2023
Fourth Quarter 2023
First Quarter 2023
Second Quarter 2024
Third Quarter 2024
VaR backtesting
The Firm performs daily VaR model backtesting, which compares the daily Risk Management VaR results with the daily gains and losses that are utilized for VaR backtesting purposes. The gains and losses depicted in the chart below do not reflect the Firm’s reported revenue as they exclude certain components of total net revenue, such as those associated with the execution of new transactions (i.e., intraday client-driven trading and intraday risk management activities), fees, commissions, other valuation adjustments and net interest income. These excluded components of total net revenue may more than offset the backtesting gain or loss on a particular day. The definition of backtesting gains and losses above is consistent with the requirements for backtesting under Basel III capital rules.
A backtesting exception occurs when the daily backtesting loss exceeds the daily Risk Management VaR for the prior day. Under the Firm’s Risk Management VaR methodology, assuming current changes in market values are consistent with the historical changes used in the simulation, the Firm would expect to incur VaR backtesting exceptions five times every 100 trading days on average. The number of VaR backtesting exceptions observed can differ from the statistically expected number of backtesting exceptions if the current level of market volatility is materially different from the level of market volatility during the 12 months of historical data used in the VaR calculation.
For the 12 months ended September 30, 2024, the Firm posted backtesting gains on 162 of the 259 days, and observed 13 VaR backtesting exceptions. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Firm posted backtesting gains on 46 of the 66 days, and did not observe any VaR backtesting exceptions.
The following chart presents the distribution of Firmwide daily backtesting gains and losses for the trailing 12 months and three months ended September 30, 2024. The daily backtesting losses are displayed as a percentage of the corresponding daily Risk Management VaR. The count of days with backtesting losses are shown in aggregate, in fifty percentage point intervals. Backtesting exceptions are displayed within the intervals that are greater than one hundred percent. The results in the chart below differ from the results of backtesting disclosed in the Market Risk section of the Firm’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are based on Regulatory VaR applied to the Firm’s covered positions.
Distribution of Daily Backtesting Gains and Losses
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Structural interest rate risk management
The effect of interest rate exposure on the Firm’s reported net income is important as interest rate risk represents one of the Firm’s significant market risks. Interest rate risk arises not only from trading activities which are included in VaR, but also from the Firm’s traditional banking activities, which include extension of loans and credit facilities, taking deposits, issuing debt, as well as the investment securities portfolio, and associated derivative instruments.
Refer to the table on page 136 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a summary by LOB and Corporate identifying positions included in earnings-at-risk.
Earnings-at-Risk
One way that the Firm evaluates its structural interest rate risk is through earnings-at-risk. Earnings-at-risk estimates the Firm’s interest rate exposure for a given interest rate scenario. It is presented as a sensitivity to a baseline, which includes net interest income and certain interest rate sensitive fees. The baseline uses market interest rates and, in the case of deposits, pricing assumptions. The Firm conducts simulations of changes to this baseline for interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars and other currencies (“non-U.S. dollar” currencies). These simulations primarily include retained loans, deposits, deposits with banks, investment securities, long-term debt and any related interest rate hedges, and funds transfer pricing of other positions in risk management VaR and other sensitivity-based measures as described on page 136 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K. These simulations exclude hedges of exposure from non-U.S. dollar foreign exchange risk arising from the Firm’s capital investments. The inclusion of the hedges in these simulations would increase U.S. dollar sensitivities and decrease non-U.S. dollar sensitivities. Refer to non-U.S. dollar foreign exchange risk on page 143 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for more information.
Earnings-at-risk scenarios estimate the potential change to a net interest income baseline, over the following 12 months utilizing multiple assumptions. These scenarios include a parallel shift involving changes to both short-term and long-term rates by an equal amount; a steeper yield curve involving holding short-term rates constant and increasing long-term rates; and a flatter yield curve involving increasing short-term rates and holding long-term rates constant or holding short-term rates constant and decreasing long-term rates. These scenarios consider many different factors, including:
•The impact on exposures as a result of instantaneous changes in interest rates from baseline rates.
•Forecasted balance sheet, as well as modeled prepayment and reinvestment behavior, but excluding assumptions about actions that could be taken by the Firm or its clients and customers in response to instantaneous rate changes. Mortgage prepayment assumptions are based on the interest rates used in the scenarios compared with underlying contractual rates, the time since origination, and other factors which are updated periodically based on historical experience. Deposit forecasts are a key assumption in the Firm's earnings-at-risk. The baseline reflects certain assumptions relating to the reversal of Quantitative Easing that are highly uncertain and require management judgment. Therefore, the actual amount of deposits held by the Firm, at any particular time, could be impacted by actions the Federal Reserve may take as part of monetary policy, including through the use of the Reverse Repurchase Facility. In addition, there are other factors that impact the amount of deposits held at the Firm such as the level of loans across the industry and competition for deposits.
•The pricing sensitivity of deposits, known as deposit betas, represent the amount by which deposit rates paid could change upon a given change in market interest rates. Actual deposit rates paid may differ from the modeled assumptions, primarily due to customer behavior and competition for deposits.
The Firm performs sensitivity analyses of the assumptions used in earnings-at-risk scenarios, including with respect to deposit betas and forecasts of deposit balances, both of which are especially significant in the case of consumer deposits. The results of these sensitivity analyses are reported to the CTC Risk Committee and the Board Risk Committee.
The Firm’s earnings-at-risk scenarios are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s balance sheet, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s simulation and other factors. In the second quarter of 2024, the Firm updated certain deposit rates paid assumptions which take into account observed pricing and client and customer behavior during the most recent economic cycle. These updated deposit rates paid assumptions impacted the U.S. dollar scenarios, resulting in an increase in positive sensitivity in higher interest rate scenarios, and an increase in negative sensitivity in lower interest rate scenarios. While a relevant measure of the Firm’s interest rate exposure, the earnings-at-risk analysis does not represent a forecast of the Firm’s net interest income (Refer to Outlook on page 8 for additional information).
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The Firm’s U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar sensitivities are presented in the table below.
(In billions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
U.S. dollar:
Parallel shift: (a)
+100 bps shift in rates
$
2.1
$
2.4
-100 bps shift in rates
(2.1)
(2.1)
+200 bps shift in rates
4.5
4.8
-200 bps shift in rates
(4.8)
(4.6)
Steeper yield curve:
+100 bps shift in long-term rates
1.5
0.6
-100 bps shift in short-term rates
(0.7)
(1.5)
Flatter yield curve:
+100 bps shift in short-term rates
0.6
1.8
-100 bps shift in long-term rates
(1.4)
(0.5)
Non-U.S. dollar:
Parallel shift: (a)
+100 bps shift in rates
$
0.7
$
0.7
-100 bps shift in rates
(0.8)
(0.7)
(a)Reflects the simultaneous shift of U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar rates.
The change in the Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivities as of September 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023, reflected the impact of changes in the Firm’s actual and forecasted balance sheet and the update in the second quarter of 2024 of the deposit rates paid assumptions for certain consumer and wholesale deposit products based upon observed pricing and client and customer behavior during the most recent economic cycle. In the absence of this update, the Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivities as of September 30, 2024, would have been lower by approximately $1.0 billion and $1.9 billion to the +100 basis points and +200 basis points shifts, respectively, in short-term and parallel rate scenarios and higher by approximately $900 million and $1.5 billion to the -100 basis points and -200 basis points shifts, respectively, in short-term and parallel rate scenarios.
Economic Value Sensitivity
In addition to earnings-at-risk, which is measured as a sensitivity to a baseline of earnings over the next 12 months, the Firm also measures Economic Value Sensitivity (“EVS”). EVS stress tests the longer-term economic value of equity by measuring the sensitivity of the Firm’s current balance sheet, primarily retained loans, deposits, debt and investment securities as well as related hedges, under various interest rate scenarios. The Firm's pricing and cash flow assumptions associated with deposits, as well as prepayment assumptions for loans and securities, are significant factors in the EVS measure. In accordance with the CTC interest rate risk management policy, the Firm has established limits on EVS as a percentage of TCE.
Certain assumptions used in the EVS measure may differ from those required in the fair value disclosure. For example, certain assets and liabilities with no stated maturity, such as credit card receivables and deposits, have longer assumed durations in the EVS measure. Additional information on long-term debt and held to maturity investment securities is disclosed on page 110 in Note 2 financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the Consolidated balance sheets.
81
Other sensitivity-based measures
The Firm quantifies the market risk of certain debt and equity and credit and funding-related exposures by assessing the potential impact on net revenue, other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and noninterest expense due to changes in relevant market variables. Refer to the predominant business activities that give rise to market risk on page 136 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the positions captured in other sensitivity-based measures.
The table below represents the potential impact to net revenue, OCI or noninterest expense for market risk-sensitive instruments that are not included in VaR or earnings-at-risk. Where appropriate, instruments used for hedging purposes are reported net of the positions being hedged. The sensitivities disclosed in the table below may not be representative of the actual gain or loss that would have been realized at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, as the movement in market parameters across maturities may vary and are not intended to imply management’s expectation of future changes in these sensitivities.
Gain/(loss) (in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Activity
Description
Sensitivity measure
Debt and equity(a)
Asset Management activities
Consists of seed capital and related hedges; fund co-investments(c); and certain deferred compensation and related hedges(d)
10% decline in market value
$
(60)
$
(61)
Other debt and equity
Consists of certain real estate-related fair value option elected loans, privately held equity and other investments held at fair value(c)
10% decline in market value
(1,007)
(1,044)
Credit- and funding-related exposures
Non-USD LTD cross-currency basis
Represents the basis risk on derivatives used to hedge the foreign exchange risk on the non-USD LTD(e)
1 basis point parallel tightening of cross currency basis
Primarily represents the foreign exchange revaluation on the fair value of the derivative hedges(e)
10% depreciation of currency
21
16
Derivatives – funding spread risk
Impact of changes in the spread related to derivatives FVA(c)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
(2)
(3)
CVA - counterparty credit risk(b)
Credit risk component of CVA and associated hedges
10% credit spread widening
—
—
Fair value option elected liabilities – funding spread risk
Impact of changes in the spread related to fair value option elected liabilities DVA(e)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
47
46
Fair value option elected liabilities – interest rate sensitivity
Interest rate sensitivity on fair value option elected liabilities resulting from a change in the Firm’s own credit spread(e)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
—
—
Interest rate sensitivity related to risk management of changes in the Firm’s own credit spread on the fair value option elected liabilities noted above(c)
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
—
—
(a)Excludes equity securities without readily determinable fair values that are measured under the measurement alternative. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.
(b)In line with the Firm's internal model governance, the credit risk component of CVA related to certain counterparties was removed from Credit Portfolio VaR due to the widening of the credit spreads for those counterparties to elevated levels. The related hedges were also removed to maintain consistency. This exposure is now reflected in other sensitivity-based measures.
(c)Impact recognized through net revenue.
(d)Impact recognized through noninterest expense.
(e)Impact recognized through OCI.
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COUNTRY RISK MANAGEMENT
The Firm, through its LOBs and Corporate, may be exposed to country risk resulting from financial, economic, political or other significant developments which adversely affect the value of the Firm’s exposures related to a particular country or set of countries. The Country Risk Management group actively monitors the various portfolios which may be impacted by these developments and measures the extent to which the Firm’s exposures are diversified given the Firm’s strategy and risk tolerance relative to a country.
Refer to pages 144–145 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s country risk management.
Risk Reporting
The following table presents the Firm’s top 20 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of September 30, 2024 and their comparative exposures as of December 31, 2023. The top 20 country exposures represent the Firm’s largest total exposures by individual country. Country exposures may fluctuate from period to period due to a variety of factors, including client activity, market flows and liquidity management activities undertaken by the Firm.
The increase in exposure to Germany when compared to December 31, 2023, was predominantly driven by an increase in cash placed with the central bank of Germany due to higher client deposits and client-driven market-making activities.
The Firm continues to monitor its exposure to Russia, which corresponds to cash placed with the central bank, but which excludes deposits placed on behalf of clients at the Deposit Insurance Agency of Russia. The Firm currently believes that its remaining exposure to Russia is not material. Refer to Note 24 on pages 181–182 for information concerning Russian litigation.
Top 20 country exposures (excluding the U.S.)(a)
(in billions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023(f)
Deposits with banks(b)
Lending(c)
Trading and investing(d)
Other(e)
Total exposure
Total exposure
Germany
$
92.0
$
12.4
$
6.7
$
0.9
$
112.0
$
84.8
United Kingdom
26.8
22.8
34.5
2.0
86.1
77.1
Japan
35.1
3.1
6.6
0.5
45.3
36.0
Australia
9.1
7.6
3.6
—
20.3
18.3
France
0.5
12.3
4.5
0.8
18.1
10.1
Canada
2.3
10.9
4.1
0.2
17.5
16.0
Brazil
5.2
4.2
7.4
—
16.8
16.7
Switzerland
6.3
4.4
0.9
2.8
14.4
10.9
China
3.7
5.7
4.1
—
13.5
14.0
India
1.1
5.2
5.8
1.2
13.3
9.7
South Korea
1.1
3.4
8.3
0.3
13.1
7.8
Saudi Arabia
0.9
5.4
3.2
—
9.5
7.7
Italy
0.1
8.6
0.1
0.3
9.1
6.0
Singapore
1.4
1.9
4.7
0.6
8.6
9.8
Spain
0.3
5.6
2.3
—
8.2
6.3
Belgium
5.0
2.5
(0.4)
—
7.1
8.0
Mexico
0.8
3.7
1.5
—
6.0
8.2
Netherlands
0.1
5.4
(0.8)
0.2
4.9
5.6
Hong Kong SAR
2.7
0.7
0.9
0.2
4.5
3.6
Luxembourg
1.0
2.4
0.9
—
4.3
4.0
(a)Country exposures presented in the table reflect 90% and 88% of total Firmwide non-U.S. exposure, where exposure is attributed to an individual country based on the Firm’s internal country risk management approach, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(b)Predominantly represents cash placed with central banks.
(c)Includes loans and accrued interest receivable, lending-related commitments (net of eligible collateral and the allowance for credit losses). Excludes intra-day and operating exposures, such as those from settlement and clearing activities.
(d)Includes market-making positions and hedging, investment securities, and counterparty exposure on derivative and securities financings net of eligible collateral. Market-making positions and hedging includes exposure from single reference entity (“single-name”), index and other multiple reference entity transactions for which one or more of the underlying reference entities is in a country listed in the above table.
(e)Includes physical commodities inventory and clearing house guarantee funds.
(f)The country rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2023, are based on the country rankings of the corresponding exposures at September 30, 2024, not actual rankings of such exposures at December 31, 2023.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES USED BY THE FIRM
JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies and use of estimates are integral to understanding its reported results. The Firm’s most complex accounting estimates require management’s judgment to ascertain the appropriate carrying value of assets and liabilities. The Firm has established policies and control procedures intended to ensure that estimation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well-controlled, independently reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. The methods used and judgments made reflect, among other factors, the nature of the assets or liabilities and the related business and risk management strategies, which may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios. In addition, the policies and procedures are intended to ensure that the process for changing methodologies occurs in an appropriate manner. The Firm believes its estimates for determining the carrying value of its assets and liabilities are appropriate. The following is a brief description of the Firm’s critical accounting estimates involving significant judgments.
Allowance for credit losses
The Firm’s allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm’s financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. The allowance for credit losses generally comprises:
•The allowance for loan losses, which covers the Firm’s retained loan portfolios (scored and risk-rated),
•The allowance for lending-related commitments, and
•The allowance for credit losses on investment securities.
The allowance for credit losses involves significant judgment on a number of matters including development and weighting of macroeconomic forecasts, incorporation of historical loss experience, assessment of risk characteristics, assignment of risk ratings, valuation of collateral, and the determination of remaining expected life. Refer to Note 10 and Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on these judgments as well as the Firm’s policies and methodologies used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses, and Allowance for credit losses on pages 73-75 and Note 12 of this Form 10-Q for further information.
One of the most significant judgments involved in estimating the Firm’s allowance for credit losses relates to the macroeconomic forecasts used to estimate credit losses over the eight-quarter forecast period within the Firm’s methodology. The eight-quarter forecast incorporates hundreds of macroeconomic variables ("MEVs") that are relevant for exposures across the Firm, with modeled credit losses being driven primarily by a subset of less than twenty variables. The specific variables that have the greatest effect on the modeled losses vary by portfolio and geography.
•Key MEVs for the consumer portfolio include regional U.S. unemployment rates and U.S. HPI.
•Key MEVs for the wholesale portfolio include U.S. unemployment, U.S. real GDP, U.S. equity prices, U.S. interest rates, U.S. corporate credit spreads, oil prices, U.S. commercial real estate prices and U.S. HPI.
Changes in the Firm’s assumptions and forecasts of economic conditions could significantly affect its estimate of expected credit losses in the portfolio at the balance sheet date or lead to significant changes in the estimate from one reporting period to the next.
As a result of the First Republic acquisition, the Firm recorded an allowance for credit losses for the loans acquired and lending-related commitments assumed as of May 1, 2023. Due to differences in risk rating methodologies for the First Republic portfolio and the ongoing integration of products and systems, the allowance for credit losses for the acquired wholesale portfolio was initially measured based on similar risk characteristics from other facilities underwritten by the Firm. Starting in the second quarter of 2024, the acquired portfolio was incorporated into the Firm's modeled credit loss estimates and is now reflected in the wholesale sensitivity analysis below. Refer to Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
It is difficult to estimate how potential changes in any one factor or input might affect the overall allowance for credit losses because management considers a wide variety of factors and inputs in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Changes in the factors and inputs considered may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all geographies or product types, and changes in factors and inputs may be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor or input may offset deterioration in others.
To consider the impact of a hypothetical alternate macroeconomic forecast, the Firm compared the modeled credit losses determined using its central and relative adverse macroeconomic scenarios, which are two of the five scenarios considered in estimating the allowances for loan losses and lending-related commitments. The central and relative adverse scenarios each included a full suite of MEVs, but differed in the levels, paths and peaks/troughs of those variables over the eight-quarter forecast period.
For example, compared to the Firm’s central scenario shown on page 73 and in Note 12, the Firm’s relative adverse scenario assumes an elevated U.S. unemployment rate, averaging approximately 1.9% higher over the eight-quarter forecast, with a peak difference of approximately 2.7% in the third quarter of 2025.
This analysis is not intended to estimate expected future changes in the allowance for credit losses, for a number of reasons, including:
84
•The allowance as of September 30, 2024, reflects credit losses beyond those estimated under the central scenario due to the weight placed on the adverse scenarios.
•The impacts of changes in many MEVs are both interrelated and nonlinear, so the results of this analysis cannot be simply extrapolated for more severe changes in macroeconomic variables.
•Expectations of future changes in portfolio composition and borrower behavior can significantly affect the allowance for credit losses.
To demonstrate the sensitivity of credit loss estimates to macroeconomic forecasts as of September 30, 2024, the Firm compared the modeled estimates under its relative adverse scenario to its central scenario. Without considering offsetting or correlated effects in other qualitative components of the Firm’s allowance for credit losses, the comparison between these two scenarios for the exposures below reflect the following differences:
•An increase of approximately $850 million for residential real estate loans and lending-related commitments
•An increase of approximately $3.6 billion for credit card loans
▪An increase of approximately $4.2 billion for wholesale loans and lending-related commitments
This analysis relates only to the modeled credit loss estimates and is not intended to estimate changes in the overall allowance for credit losses as it does not reflect any potential changes in other adjustments to the quantitative calculation, which would also be influenced by the judgment management applies to the modeled lifetime loss estimates to reflect the uncertainty and imprecision of these modeled lifetime loss estimates based on then-current circumstances and conditions.
Recognizing that forecasts of macroeconomic conditions are inherently uncertain, the Firm believes that its process to consider the available information and associated risks and uncertainties is appropriately governed and that its estimates of expected credit losses were reasonable and appropriate for the period ended September 30, 2024.
Fair value
JPMorgan Chase carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. The majority of such assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including derivatives, structured note products and certain securities financing agreements. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including certain mortgage, home equity and other loans, where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.
Assets measured at fair value
The following table includes the Firm’s assets measured at fair value and the portion of such assets that are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 2 for further information.
September 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)
Total assets at fair value
Total level 3 assets
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
368,964
$
—
Securities borrowed
107,599
—
Trading assets:
Trading–debt and equity instruments
734,928
2,437
Derivative receivables(a)
52,561
10,710
Total trading assets
787,489
13,147
AFS securities
334,548
—
Loans
42,137
2,487
MSRs
8,753
8,753
Other
13,367
1,186
Total assets measuredat fair value on a recurring basis
1,662,857
25,573
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
2,512
1,841
Total assets measuredat fair value
$
1,665,369
$
27,414
Total Firm assets
$
4,210,048
Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets(a)
1
%
Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value(a)
2
%
(a)For purposes of the table above, the derivative receivables total reflects the impact of netting adjustments; however, the $10.7 billion of derivative receivables classified as level 3 does not reflect the netting adjustment as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.
From time to time, the Firm has made and will make forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipate,” “target,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “believe,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide JPMorgan Chase’s current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. JPMorgan Chase’s disclosures in this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Firm also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the SEC. In addition, the Firm’s senior management may make forward-looking statements orally to investors, analysts, representatives of the media and others.
All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Firm’s control. JPMorgan Chase’s actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in its forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements:
•Local, regional and global business, economic and political conditions and geopolitical events, including geopolitical tensions and hostilities;
•Changes in laws, rules and regulatory requirements, including capital and liquidity requirements affecting the Firm’s businesses, and the ability of the Firm to address those requirements;
•Heightened regulatory and governmental oversight and scrutiny of JPMorgan Chase’s business practices, including dealings with retail customers;
•Changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws;
•Changes in the level of inflation;
•Changes in income tax laws, rules and regulations;
•Changes in FDIC assessments;
•Securities and capital markets behavior, including changes in market liquidity and volatility;
•Changes in investor sentiment or consumer spending or savings behavior;
•Ability of the Firm to manage effectively its capital and liquidity;
•Changes in credit ratings assigned to the Firm or its subsidiaries;
•Damage to the Firm’s reputation;
•Ability of the Firm to appropriately address social, environmental and sustainability concerns that may arise, including from its business activities;
•Ability of the Firm to deal effectively with an economic slowdown or other economic or market disruption, including, but not limited to, in the interest rate environment;
•Technology changes instituted by the Firm, its counterparties or competitors;
•The effectiveness of the Firm’s control agenda;
•Ability of the Firm to develop or discontinue products and services, and the extent to which products or services previously sold by the Firm require the Firm to incur liabilities or absorb losses not contemplated at their initiation or origination;
•Acceptance of the Firm’s new and existing products and services by the marketplace and the ability of the Firm to innovate and to increase market share;
•Ability of the Firm to attract and retain qualified and diverse employees;
•Ability of the Firm to control expenses;
•Competitive pressures;
•Changes in the credit quality of the Firm’s clients, customers and counterparties;
•Adequacy of the Firm’s risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;
•Adverse judicial or regulatory proceedings;
•Ability of the Firm to determine accurate values of certain assets and liabilities;
•Occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or calamities, including health emergencies, the spread of infectious diseases, epidemics or pandemics, an outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other geopolitical instabilities, the effects of climate change or extraordinary events beyond the Firm's control, and the Firm’s ability to deal effectively with disruptions caused by the foregoing;
•Ability of the Firm to maintain the security of its financial, accounting, technology, data processing and other operational systems and facilities;
•Ability of the Firm to withstand disruptions that may be caused by any failure of its operational systems or those of third parties;
•Ability of the Firm to effectively defend itself against cyber attacks and other attempts by unauthorized parties to access information of the Firm or its customers or to disrupt the Firm’s systems; and
•The other risks and uncertainties detailed in Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors in JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K.
Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Firm speak only as of the date they are made, and JPMorgan Chase does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements. The reader should, however, consult any further disclosures of a forward-looking nature the Firm may make in any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.
88
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of income (unaudited)
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Revenue
Investment banking fees
$
2,231
$
1,722
$
6,489
$
4,884
Principal transactions
5,988
6,210
19,592
20,735
Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,924
2,039
5,654
5,487
Asset management fees
4,479
3,904
12,927
11,143
Commissions and other fees
1,936
1,705
5,665
5,139
Investment securities losses
(16)
(669)
(929)
(2,437)
Mortgage fees and related income
402
414
1,025
913
Card income
1,345
1,209
3,895
3,537
Other income
960
614
11,237
4,913
Noninterest revenue
19,249
17,148
65,555
54,314
Interest income
50,416
44,556
146,367
123,204
Interest expense
27,011
21,830
77,134
57,988
Net interest income
23,405
22,726
69,233
65,216
Total net revenue
42,654
39,874
134,788
119,530
Provision for credit losses
3,111
1,384
8,047
6,558
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense
12,817
11,726
38,888
34,618
Occupancy expense
1,258
1,197
3,717
3,382
Technology, communications and equipment expense
2,447
2,386
7,315
6,837
Professional and outside services
2,780
2,620
8,050
7,629
Marketing
1,258
1,126
3,639
3,293
Other expense
2,005
2,702
7,426
6,927
Total noninterest expense
22,565
21,757
69,035
62,686
Income before income tax expense
16,978
16,733
57,706
50,286
Income tax expense
4,080
3,582
13,240
10,041
Net income
$
12,898
$
13,151
$
44,466
$
40,245
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
12,537
$
12,685
$
43,199
$
38,889
Net income per common share data
Basic earnings per share
$
4.38
$
4.33
$
14.97
$
13.20
Diluted earnings per share
4.37
4.33
14.94
13.18
Weighted-average basic shares
2,860.6
2,927.5
2,886.2
2,946.6
Weighted-average diluted shares
2,865.9
2,932.1
2,891.2
2,951.0
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
89
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited)
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Net income
$
12,898
$
13,151
$
44,466
$
40,245
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
2,297
(1,950)
2,546
1,019
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
389
(340)
29
(73)
Fair value hedges
(20)
(5)
(33)
(15)
Cash flow hedges
2,265
(583)
1,354
(282)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
(28)
(21)
(5)
(82)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
(349)
85
(232)
(330)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
4,554
(2,814)
3,659
237
Comprehensive income
$
17,452
$
10,337
$
48,125
$
40,482
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
90
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited)
(in millions, except share data)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and due from banks
$
22,896
$
29,066
Deposits with banks
411,364
595,085
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included $368,964 and $259,813 at fair value)
390,821
276,152
Securities borrowed (included $107,599and $70,086 at fair value)
252,434
200,436
Trading assets (included assets pledged of $163,427and $128,994)
787,489
540,607
Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $335,251 and $205,456; included assets pledged of $11,084and $9,219)
334,548
201,704
Held-to-maturity securities
299,954
369,848
Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
634,502
571,552
Loans (included $42,137and $38,851 at fair value)
1,340,011
1,323,706
Allowance for loan losses
(23,949)
(22,420)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
1,316,062
1,301,286
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
122,565
107,363
Premises and equipment
31,525
30,157
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets
64,455
64,381
Other assets (included $14,169and $12,306 at fair value and assets pledged of $6,994and $6,764)
175,935
159,308
Total assets(a)
$
4,210,048
$
3,875,393
Liabilities
Deposits (included $51,284and $78,384 at fair value)
$
2,430,772
$
2,400,688
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included $320,406 and $169,003 at fair value)
389,337
216,535
Short-term borrowings (included $28,307 and $20,042 at fair value)
50,638
44,712
Trading liabilities
243,258
180,428
Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $5,865and $5,637 at fair value)
314,356
290,307
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included $1 and $1 at fair value)
25,694
23,020
Long-term debt (included $102,129 and $87,924 at fair value)
410,157
391,825
Total liabilities(a)
3,864,212
3,547,515
Commitments and contingencies (refer to Notes 22, 23 and 24)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued 2,165,375 and 2,740,375 shares)
21,650
27,404
Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895shares)
4,105
4,105
Additional paid-in capital
90,638
90,128
Retained earnings
365,966
332,901
Accumulated other comprehensive losses
(6,784)
(10,443)
Treasury stock, at cost (1,289,593,473and 1,228,275,301 shares)
(129,739)
(116,217)
Total stockholders’ equity
345,836
327,878
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
4,210,048
$
3,875,393
(a)The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. The assets and liabilities in the table below include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. Refer to Note 13 for a further discussion.
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets
Trading assets
$
3,443
$
2,170
Loans
35,028
37,611
All other assets
647
591
Total assets
$
39,118
$
40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
$
25,694
$
23,020
All other liabilities
421
263
Total liabilities
$
26,115
$
23,283
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
91
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited)
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Preferred stock
Balance at the beginning of the period
$
23,900
$
27,404
$
27,404
$
27,404
Issuance
—
—
2,496
—
Redemption
(2,250)
—
(8,250)
—
Balance at September 30
21,650
27,404
21,650
27,404
Common stock
Balance at the beginning and end of the period
4,105
4,105
4,105
4,105
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at the beginning of the period
90,328
89,578
90,128
89,044
Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee share-based compensation awards, and related tax effects
307
321
496
855
Other
3
—
14
—
Balance at September 30
90,638
89,899
90,638
89,899
Retained earnings
Balance at the beginning of the period
356,924
317,359
332,901
296,456
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles
—
—
(161)
449
Net income
12,898
13,151
44,466
40,245
Preferred stock dividends
(286)
(386)
(1,000)
(1,115)
Common stock dividends ($1.25and $1.05 per share and $3.55 and $3.05 per share, respectively)
(3,570)
(3,080)
(10,240)
(8,991)
Balance at September 30
365,966
327,044
365,966
327,044
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at the beginning of the period
(11,338)
(14,290)
(10,443)
(17,341)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after-tax
4,554
(2,814)
3,659
237
Balance at September 30
(6,784)
(17,104)
(6,784)
(17,104)
Treasury stock, at cost
Balance at the beginning of the period
(123,367)
(111,640)
(116,217)
(107,336)
Repurchase
(6,423)
(2,387)
(14,652)
(7,658)
Reissuance
51
50
1,130
1,017
Balance at September 30
(129,739)
(113,977)
(129,739)
(113,977)
Total stockholders’ equity
$
345,836
$
317,371
$
345,836
$
317,371
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
92
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited)
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Operating activities
Net income
$
44,466
$
40,245
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Provision for credit losses
8,047
6,558
Depreciation and amortization
5,973
4,175
Deferred tax benefit
(243)
(4,544)
Estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition
(103)
(2,812)
Initial gain on the Visa share exchange
(7,990)
—
Other
1,716
3,611
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale
(160,573)
(83,534)
Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of loans held-for-sale
148,287
83,169
Net change in:
Trading assets
(237,756)
(151,151)
Securities borrowed
(51,688)
(2,852)
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
(15,491)
(166)
Other assets
(1,470)
39,371
Trading liabilities
53,495
30,787
Accounts payable and other liabilities
17,399
(11,955)
Other operating adjustments
6,161
1,841
Net cash (used in) operating activities
(189,770)
(47,257)
Investing activities
Net change in:
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
(114,402)
(34,101)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
72,354
34,152
Purchases
(2,358)
(4,141)
Available-for-sale securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
22,409
39,160
Proceeds from sales
84,394
82,922
Purchases
(233,063)
(82,075)
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment
43,793
34,541
Other changes in loans, net
(52,997)
(60,094)
Net cash used in the First Republic acquisition
(2,362)
(9,920)
All other investing activities, net
1,209
(12,683)
Net cash (used in) investing activities
(181,023)
(12,239)
Financing activities
Net change in:
Deposits
22,266
(43,083)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
172,755
66,050
Short-term borrowings
5,355
1,303
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
(3)
10,823
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
78,949
42,817
Payments of long-term borrowings
(67,380)
(48,757)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
2,500
—
Redemption of preferred stock
(8,250)
—
Treasury stock repurchased
(14,529)
(7,549)
Dividends paid
(10,925)
(10,037)
All other financing activities, net
(1,586)
(1,241)
Net cash provided by financing activities
179,152
10,326
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
1,750
(6,695)
Net decrease in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
(189,891)
(55,865)
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the beginning of the period
624,151
567,234
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the end of the period
$
434,260
$
511,369
Cash interest paid
$
74,794
$
55,775
Cash income taxes paid, net
8,870
5,541
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.
93
Refer to the Glossary of Terms and Acronyms on pages 192–197 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of presentation
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading financial services firm based in the U.S., with operations worldwide. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Refer to Note 25 for further discussion of the Firm's business segments.
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the “First Republic acquisition”) from the FDIC. The Firm continues to convert certain operations, and to integrate clients, products and services associated with the First Republic acquisition, to align with the Firm’s businesses and operations. Accordingly, reporting classification and internal risk rating profiles in the wholesale portfolio may change in future periods. Refer to Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included such that this interim financial information is fairly stated.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, included in JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K.
Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorgan Chase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorgan Chase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity.
Refer to Notes 1 and 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation.
Offsetting assets and liabilities
U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities financing balances to be presented on a net basis when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances where it has determined that the specified conditions are met. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on offsetting assets and liabilities.
Accounting standard adopted January 1, 2024
Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method
The guidance expanded the types of tax-oriented investments, beyond affordable housing tax credit investments, that the Firm can elect on a program by program basis, to be accounted for using the proportional amortization method. This method requires the cost of eligible investments, within an elected program, to be amortized in proportion to the tax benefits received with the resulting amortization reported directly in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Eligible investments must meet certain criteria, including that substantially all of the return is from income tax credits and other income tax benefits.
This guidance was adopted on January 1, 2024 under the modified retrospective method. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a change to the classification and timing of the amortization associated with certain of the Firm's alternative energy tax-oriented investments. As a result of the adoption, the amortization of these investments that was previously recognized in other income is now being recognized in income tax expense. The change in accounting resulted in a decrease to retained earnings of $161 million and increased the Firm’s income tax expense and the effective tax rate by approximately $450 million and two percentage points, respectively, in the first quarter of 2024, with no material impact to net income.
94
The guidance requires additional disclosure for all investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax-oriented investment program for which the Firm has elected to apply the proportional amortization method. The guidance also requires a reevaluation of eligible investments when significant modifications or events occur that result in a change in the nature of the investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project.
Refer to Notes 5 and 13 for additional information.
95
Note 2 – Fair value measurement
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s valuation methodologies for assets, liabilities and lending-related commitments measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy.
96
The following table presents the assets and liabilities reported at fair value as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Fair value hierarchy
Derivative netting adjustments(f)
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
368,964
$
—
$
—
$
368,964
Securities borrowed
—
107,599
—
—
107,599
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
—
136,594
691
—
137,285
Residential – nonagency
—
2,051
5
—
2,056
Commercial – nonagency
—
1,268
11
—
1,279
Total mortgage-backed securities
—
139,913
707
—
140,620
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)
148,160
13,781
—
—
161,941
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
5,645
7
—
5,652
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
—
2,851
—
—
2,851
Non-U.S. government debt securities
50,041
69,339
173
—
119,553
Corporate debt securities
—
43,744
435
—
44,179
Loans
—
9,203
819
—
10,022
Asset-backed securities
—
2,814
2
—
2,816
Total debt instruments
198,201
287,290
2,143
—
487,634
Equity securities
223,651
1,436
101
—
225,188
Physical commodities(b)
2,171
1,008
10
—
3,189
Other
—
18,734
183
—
18,917
Total debt and equity instruments(c)
424,023
308,468
2,437
—
734,928
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate
2,073
298,544
5,635
(282,118)
24,134
Credit
—
9,567
955
(9,913)
609
Foreign exchange
326
195,081
1,066
(179,484)
16,989
Equity
—
96,107
2,738
(93,494)
5,351
Commodity
—
21,328
316
(16,166)
5,478
Total derivative receivables
2,399
620,627
10,710
(581,175)
52,561
Total trading assets(d)
426,422
929,095
13,147
(581,175)
787,489
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
—
81,863
—
—
81,863
Residential – nonagency
—
4,057
—
—
4,057
Commercial – nonagency
—
3,609
—
—
3,609
Total mortgage-backed securities
—
89,529
—
—
89,529
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
171,878
304
—
—
172,182
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
18,205
—
—
18,205
Non-U.S. government debt securities
19,925
22,628
—
—
42,553
Corporate debt securities
—
61
—
—
61
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
—
9,682
—
—
9,682
Other(a)
—
2,336
—
—
2,336
Total available-for-sale securities
191,803
142,745
—
—
334,548
Loans(e)
—
39,650
2,487
—
42,137
Mortgage servicing rights
—
—
8,753
—
8,753
Other assets(d)
7,178
5,003
1,186
—
13,367
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
625,403
$
1,593,056
$
25,573
$
(581,175)
$
1,662,857
Deposits
$
—
$
49,065
$
2,219
$
—
$
51,284
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
—
320,406
—
—
320,406
Short-term borrowings
—
24,660
3,647
—
28,307
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)
166,655
37,866
72
—
204,593
Derivative payables:
Interest rate
2,873
283,166
2,806
(280,237)
8,608
Credit
—
12,919
1,054
(12,247)
1,726
Foreign exchange
335
198,635
1,026
(187,348)
12,648
Equity
—
105,111
6,548
(101,049)
10,610
Commodity
—
18,724
688
(14,339)
5,073
Total derivative payables
3,208
618,555
12,122
(595,220)
38,665
Total trading liabilities
169,863
656,421
12,194
(595,220)
243,258
Accounts payable and other liabilities
4,256
1,567
42
—
5,865
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
1
—
—
1
Long-term debt
—
68,656
33,473
—
102,129
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
174,119
$
1,120,776
$
51,575
$
(595,220)
$
751,250
97
Fair value hierarchy
Derivative netting adjustments(f)
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
259,813
$
—
$
—
$
259,813
Securities borrowed
—
70,086
—
—
70,086
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
—
73,840
758
—
74,598
Residential – nonagency
—
1,921
5
—
1,926
Commercial – nonagency
—
1,362
12
—
1,374
Total mortgage-backed securities
—
77,123
775
—
77,898
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)
133,997
9,998
—
—
143,995
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
5,858
10
—
5,868
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
—
756
—
—
756
Non-U.S. government debt securities
24,846
55,557
179
—
80,582
Corporate debt securities
—
32,854
484
—
33,338
Loans
—
7,872
684
—
8,556
Asset-backed securities
—
2,199
6
—
2,205
Total debt instruments
158,843
192,217
2,138
—
353,198
Equity securities
107,926
679
127
—
108,732
Physical commodities(b)
2,479
3,305
7
—
5,791
Other
—
17,879
101
—
17,980
Total debt and equity instruments(c)
269,248
214,080
2,373
—
485,701
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate
2,815
243,578
4,298
(224,367)
26,324
Credit
—
8,644
1,010
(9,103)
551
Foreign exchange
149
204,737
889
(187,756)
18,019
Equity
—
55,167
2,522
(52,761)
4,928
Commodity
—
15,234
205
(10,397)
5,042
Total derivative receivables
2,964
527,360
8,924
(484,384)
54,864
Total trading assets(d)
272,212
741,440
11,297
(484,384)
540,565
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)
—
85,170
—
—
85,170
Residential – nonagency
—
3,639
—
—
3,639
Commercial – nonagency
—
2,803
—
—
2,803
Total mortgage-backed securities
—
91,612
—
—
91,612
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
57,683
122
—
—
57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
—
21,367
—
—
21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities
13,095
8,187
—
—
21,282
Corporate debt securities
—
100
—
—
100
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
—
6,752
—
—
6,752
Other(a)
—
2,786
—
—
2,786
Total available-for-sale securities
70,778
130,926
—
—
201,704
Loans(e)
—
35,772
3,079
—
38,851
Mortgage servicing rights
—
—
8,522
—
8,522
Other assets(d)
6,635
3,929
758
—
11,322
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
349,625
$
1,241,966
$
23,656
$
(484,384)
$
1,130,863
Deposits
$
—
$
76,551
$
1,833
$
—
$
78,384
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
—
169,003
—
—
169,003
Short-term borrowings
—
18,284
1,758
—
20,042
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)
107,292
32,252
37
—
139,581
Derivative payables:
Interest rate
4,409
232,277
3,796
(228,586)
11,896
Credit
—
11,293
745
(10,949)
1,089
Foreign exchange
147
211,289
827
(199,643)
12,620
Equity
—
60,887
4,924
(56,443)
9,368
Commodity
—
15,894
484
(10,504)
5,874
Total derivative payables
4,556
531,640
10,776
(506,125)
40,847
Total trading liabilities
111,848
563,892
10,813
(506,125)
180,428
Accounts payable and other liabilities
3,968
1,617
52
—
5,637
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
1
—
—
1
Long-term debt
—
60,198
27,726
—
87,924
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
115,816
$
889,546
$
42,182
$
(506,125)
$
541,419
(a)At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included total U.S. GSE obligations of $144.2 billion and $78.5 billion, respectively, which were mortgage-related.
(b)Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value. “Net realizable value” is a term defined in U.S. GAAP as not exceeding fair value less costs to sell (“transaction costs”). Transaction costs for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories are either not applicable or immaterial to the value of the inventory. Therefore, net realizable value approximates fair value for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories. When fair value hedging has been applied (or when net realizable value is below cost), the carrying value of physical commodities approximates fair value, because under fair value hedge accounting, the cost basis is adjusted for changes in fair value. Refer to Note 4 for a further discussion of the Firm’s hedge accounting relationships. To provide consistent fair value disclosure information, all physical commodities inventories have been included in each period presented.
98
(c)Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).
(d)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair values of these investments, which include certain hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate and other funds, were $802 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, primarily reported in other assets.
(e)At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included $13.3 billion and $10.2 billion, respectively, of residential first-lien mortgages, and $6.0 billion of commercial first-lien mortgages at both periods. Residential mortgage loans include conforming mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell to U.S. GSEs and government agencies of $5.8 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively.
(f)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.
Level 3 valuations
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on the Firm’s valuation process and a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments.
The following table presents the Firm’s primary level 3 financial instruments, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those financial instruments, the significant unobservable inputs, the range of values for those inputs and the weighted or arithmetic averages of such inputs. While the determination to classify an instrument within level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement, level 3 financial instruments typically include observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources) in addition to the unobservable components. The level 1 and/or level 2 inputs are not included in the table. In addition, the Firm manages the risk of the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The range of values presented in the table is representative of the highest and lowest level input used to value the significant groups of instruments within a product/instrument classification. Where provided, the weighted averages of the input values presented in the table are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments that the input is being used to value.
In the Firm’s view, the input range, weighted and arithmetic average values do not reflect the degree of input uncertainty or an assessment of the reasonableness of the Firm’s estimates and assumptions. Rather, they reflect the characteristics of the various instruments held by the Firm and the relative distribution of instruments within the range
of characteristics. For example, two option contracts may have similar levels of market risk exposure and valuation uncertainty, but may have significantly different implied volatility levels because the option contracts have different underlyings, tenors, or strike prices. The input range and weighted and arithmetic average values will therefore vary from period-to-period and parameter-to-parameter based on the characteristics of the instruments held by the Firm at each balance sheet date.
99
Level 3 inputs(a)
September 30, 2024
Product/Instrument
Fair value
(in millions)
Principal valuation technique
Unobservable inputs(g)
Range of input values
Average(i)
Residential mortgage-backed securities and loans(b)
$
1,078
Discounted cash flows
Yield
0%
89%
7%
Prepayment speed
3%
14%
8%
Conditional default rate
0%
6%
0%
Loss severity
0%
110%
5%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and loans(c)
1,495
Market comparables
Price
$0
$90
$82
Corporate debt securities
435
Market comparables
Price
$0
$175
$85
Loans(d)
1,440
Market comparables
Price
$0
$115
$80
Non-U.S. government debt securities
173
Market comparables
Price
$0
$104
$96
Net interest rate derivatives
2,821
Option pricing
Interest rate volatility
7bps
555bps
111bps
Interest rate spread volatility
37bps
77bps
65bps
Bermudan switch value
0%
52%
17%
Interest rate correlation
(85)%
97%
63%
IR-FX correlation
(35)%
60%
5%
8
Discounted cash flows
Prepayment speed
0%
21%
7%
Net credit derivatives
(130)
Discounted cash flows
Credit correlation
30%
69%
48%
Credit spread
0bps
2,999bps
341bps
Recovery rate
10%
90%
57%
31
Market comparables
Price
$0
$115
$73
Net foreign exchange derivatives
89
Option pricing
IR-FX correlation
(40)%
60%
21%
(49)
Discounted cash flows
Prepayment speed
11%
11%
Interest rate curve
2%
49%
8%
Net equity derivatives
(3,810)
Option pricing
Forward equity price(h)
80%
144%
101%
Equity volatility
4%
143%
32%
Equity correlation
17%
100%
56%
Equity-FX correlation
(80)%
65%
(32)%
Equity-IR correlation
10%
18%
14%
Net commodity derivatives
(372)
Option pricing
Oil commodity forward
$82 / BBL
$266 / BBL
$150 / BBL
Natural gas commodity forward
$1 / MMBTU
$7 / MMBTU
$3 / MMBTU
Commodity volatility
2%
47%
5%
Commodity correlation
(35)%
98%
(8)%
MSRs
8,753
Discounted cash flows
Refer to Note 14
Long-term debt, short-term borrowings, and deposits(e)
38,445
Option pricing
Interest rate volatility
7bps
555bps
111bps
Bermudan switch value
0%
52%
17%
Interest rate correlation
(85)%
97%
63%
IR-FX correlation
(35)%
60%
5%
Equity volatility
2%
140%
28%
Equity correlation
17%
100%
56%
Equity-FX correlation
(80)%
65%
(32)%
Equity-IR correlation
10%
18%
14%
894
Discounted cash flows
Credit correlation
30%
69%
48%
Credit spread
1bps
270bps
81bps
Recovery rate
20%
40%
37%
Yield
5%
20%
10%
Loss severity
0%
100%
50%
Other level 3 assets and liabilities, net(f)
1,375
(a)The categories presented in the table have been aggregated based upon the product type, which may differ from their classification on the Consolidated balance sheets. Furthermore, the inputs presented for each valuation technique in the table are, in some cases, not applicable to every instrument valued using the technique as the characteristics of the instruments can differ.
(b)Comprises U.S. GSE and government agency securities of $691 million, nonagency securities of $5 million and non-trading loans of $382 million.
(c)Comprises nonagency securities of $11 million, trading loans of $65 million and non-trading loans of $1.4 billion.
(d)Comprises trading loans of $754 million and non-trading loans of $686 million.
(e)Long-term debt, short-term borrowings and deposits include structured notes issued by the Firm that are financial instruments that typically contain embedded derivatives. The estimation of the fair value of structured notes includes the derivative features embedded within the instrument. The significant unobservable inputs are broadly consistent with those presented for derivative receivables.
(f)Includes equity securities of $737 million including $636 million in Other assets, for which quoted prices are not readily available and the fair value is generally based on internal valuation techniques such as EBITDA multiples and comparable analysis. All other level 3 assets and liabilities are insignificant both individually and in aggregate.
(g)Price is a significant unobservable input for certain instruments. When quoted market prices are not readily available, reliance is generally placed on price-based internal valuation techniques. The price input is expressed assuming a par value of $100.
(h)Forward equity price is expressed as a percentage of the current equity price.
(i)Amounts represent weighted averages except for derivative related inputs where arithmetic averages are used.
100
Changes in and ranges of unobservable inputs
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the impact on fair value of changes in unobservable inputs and the relationships between unobservable inputs as well as a description of attributes of the underlying instruments and external market factors that affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of the Firm’s positions.
Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements
The following tables include a rollforward of the Consolidated balance sheets amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. The Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.
101
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Fair value at July 1, 2024
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at September 30, 2024
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at September 30, 2024
Purchases(g)
Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
708
3
—
—
(20)
—
—
691
3
Residential – nonagency
5
1
—
—
(1)
—
—
5
—
Commercial – nonagency
11
—
—
—
—
—
—
11
—
Total mortgage-backed securities
724
4
—
—
(21)
—
—
707
3
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
7
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
193
(4)
53
(65)
—
7
(11)
173
(2)
Corporate debt securities
408
21
86
(62)
—
5
(23)
435
20
Loans
691
12
125
(108)
(22)
321
(200)
819
12
Asset-backed securities
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
Total debt instruments
2,025
33
264
(235)
(43)
333
(234)
2,143
33
Equity securities
122
(4)
16
(18)
(1)
31
(45)
101
—
Physical commodities
10
—
—
—
—
—
—
10
—
Other
144
20
4
—
(9)
24
—
183
23
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
2,301
49
(c)
284
(253)
(53)
388
(279)
2,437
56
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate
1,301
1,528
90
(38)
98
(106)
(44)
2,829
1,373
Credit
180
(209)
—
—
(114)
25
19
(99)
(198)
Foreign exchange
168
(31)
59
(105)
71
3
(125)
40
(5)
Equity
(2,991)
(21)
112
(821)
24
(285)
172
(3,810)
(215)
Commodity
(472)
(74)
4
(35)
201
7
(3)
(372)
(107)
Total net derivative receivables
(1,814)
1,193
(c)
265
(999)
280
(356)
19
(1,412)
848
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Total available-for-sale securities
—
—
(d)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(d)
Loans
2,993
157
(c)
95
(479)
(210)
61
(130)
2,487
114
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
8,847
(181)
(e)
357
2
(272)
—
—
8,753
(181)
(e)
Other assets
1,202
34
(c)
24
(32)
(20)
—
(22)
1,186
34
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Fair value at July 1, 2024
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at September 30, 2024
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at September 30, 2024
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits
$
1,923
$
105
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
512
$
(299)
$
—
$
(22)
$
2,219
$
104
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
2,726
74
(c)(f)
—
—
2,283
(1,435)
1
(2)
3,647
56
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
68
(1)
(c)
(20)
5
—
—
25
(5)
72
(1)
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
70
5
(c)
(30)
—
—
—
—
(3)
42
5
(c)
Long-term debt
31,286
1,632
(c)(f)
—
—
6,073
(5,258)
23
(283)
33,473
1,783
(c)(f)
102
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Fair value at July 1, 2023
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at September 30, 2023
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at September 30, 2023
Purchases(g)
Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
706
(4)
118
(20)
(21)
—
—
779
(4)
Residential – nonagency
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
—
Commercial – nonagency
6
6
1
—
—
—
—
13
7
Total mortgage-backed securities
717
2
119
(20)
(21)
—
—
797
3
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
6
—
—
—
—
3
—
9
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
199
9
16
(53)
—
—
(20)
151
18
Corporate debt securities
522
15
191
(56)
(1)
8
(27)
652
4
Loans
1,105
(56)
161
(172)
(12)
108
(86)
1,048
(56)
Asset-backed securities
14
1
—
(8)
—
—
(1)
6
1
Total debt instruments
2,563
(29)
487
(309)
(34)
119
(134)
2,663
(30)
Equity securities
631
2
26
(100)
(442)
41
(7)
151
7
Physical commodities
6
(2)
1
—
—
—
—
5
(2)
Other
113
(3)
9
—
(15)
—
(1)
103
(2)
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
3,313
(32)
(c)
523
(409)
(491)
160
(142)
2,922
(27)
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate
(1,122)
(162)
79
(127)
349
(56)
(72)
(1,111)
(267)
Credit
689
11
2
—
(150)
(4)
3
551
11
Foreign exchange
389
88
55
(18)
(5)
7
(3)
513
51
Equity
(1,881)
1,013
145
(222)
(385)
70
(39)
(1,299)
1,060
Commodity
(353)
113
3
(101)
31
—
184
(123)
104
Total net derivative receivables
(2,278)
1,063
(c)
284
(468)
(160)
17
73
(1,469)
959
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
267
(4)
—
(165)
—
—
(38)
60
(3)
Total available-for-sale securities
267
(4)
(d)
—
(165)
—
—
(38)
60
(3)
(d)
Loans
3,808
110
(c)
24
(34)
(442)
276
(59)
3,683
25
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
8,229
596
(e)
650
(101)
(265)
—
—
9,109
596
(e)
Other assets
417
(1)
(c)
498
(11)
(14)
—
(1)
888
(1)
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Three months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Fair value at July 1, 2023
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at September 30, 2023
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at September 30, 2023
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits
$
2,053
$
(34)
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
341
$
(468)
$
—
$
(40)
$
1,852
$
(34)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
1,704
22
(c)(f)
—
—
1,371
(1,150)
—
(2)
1,945
2
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
63
(5)
(c)
(2)
2
—
(2)
—
(15)
41
—
Accounts payable and other liabilities
68
(7)
(c)
(11)
13
—
—
—
—
63
(7)
(c)
Long-term debt
25,425
(764)
(c)(f)
—
—
3,380
(3,130)
18
(82)
24,847
(774)
(c)(f)
103
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Fair value at Jan 1, 2024
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at September 30, 2024
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at September 30, 2024
Purchases(g)
Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
758
3
45
(61)
(61)
7
—
691
3
Residential – nonagency
5
1
—
—
(1)
4
(4)
5
(1)
Commercial – nonagency
12
(2)
1
—
—
—
—
11
(1)
Total mortgage-backed securities
775
2
46
(61)
(62)
11
(4)
707
1
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
10
—
—
—
(2)
—
(1)
7
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
179
(2)
145
(137)
—
14
(26)
173
4
Corporate debt securities
484
28
386
(229)
(181)
13
(66)
435
27
Loans
684
20
446
(438)
(67)
645
(471)
819
8
Asset-backed securities
6
—
1
(5)
(7)
7
—
2
—
Total debt instruments
2,138
48
1,024
(870)
(319)
690
(568)
2,143
40
Equity securities
127
(23)
130
(99)
(1)
74
(107)
101
(33)
Physical Commodities
7
2
4
—
(3)
—
—
10
2
Other
101
64
46
—
(52)
25
(1)
183
71
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
2,373
91
(c)
1,204
(969)
(375)
789
(676)
2,437
80
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate
502
1,246
282
(122)
981
81
(141)
2,829
892
Credit
265
(143)
—
(16)
(253)
(13)
61
(99)
(68)
Foreign exchange
62
100
136
(230)
(16)
(26)
14
40
105
Equity
(2,402)
(545)
680
(2,020)
246
(296)
527
(3,810)
104
Commodity
(279)
(196)
22
(155)
228
6
2
(372)
(182)
Total net derivative receivables
(1,852)
462
(c)
1,120
(2,543)
1,186
(248)
463
(1,412)
851
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Total available-for-sale securities
—
—
(d)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(d)
Loans
3,079
266
(c)
304
(684)
(855)
730
(353)
2,487
207
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
8,522
216
(e)
835
(25)
(795)
—
—
8,753
216
(e)
Other assets
758
100
(c)
444
(54)
(45)
5
(22)
1,186
94
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Fair value at Jan 1, 2024
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at September 30, 2024
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at September 30, 2024
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits
$
1,833
$
90
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
1,304
$
(909)
$
34
$
(133)
$
2,219
$
78
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
1,758
143
(c)(f)
—
—
5,742
(3,992)
2
(6)
3,647
78
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
37
(41)
(c)
(26)
62
—
—
46
(6)
72
(3)
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
52
(7)
(c)
(36)
31
—
—
5
(3)
42
(7)
(c)
Long-term debt
27,726
2,147
(c)(f)
—
—
17,049
(13,230)
466
(685)
33,473
1,895
(c)(f)
104
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Fair value at Jan 1, 2023
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at September 30, 2023
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at September 30, 2023
Purchases(g)
Sales
Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
759
3
249
(133)
(85)
—
(14)
779
3
Residential – nonagency
5
7
—
(6)
(2)
1
—
5
—
Commercial – nonagency
7
6
1
—
(1)
8
(8)
13
5
Total mortgage-backed securities
771
16
250
(139)
(88)
9
(22)
797
8
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
7
—
—
(1)
—
3
—
9
—
Non-U.S. government debt securities
155
49
116
(149)
—
—
(20)
151
86
Corporate debt securities
463
39
301
(116)
(3)
38
(70)
652
34
Loans
759
(54)
843
(299)
(125)
233
(309)
1,048
(28)
Asset-backed securities
23
1
5
(11)
(1)
5
(16)
6
(1)
Total debt instruments
2,178
51
1,515
(715)
(217)
288
(437)
2,663
99
Equity securities
665
(45)
134
(207)
(442)
181
(135)
151
(28)
Physical commodities
2
(2)
7
—
(2)
—
—
5
5
Other
64
(43)
105
—
(19)
1
(5)
103
(25)
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
2,909
(39)
(c)
1,761
(922)
(680)
470
(577)
2,922
51
(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate
701
(859)
174
(219)
376
(1,135)
(149)
(1,111)
(789)
Credit
13
485
5
(4)
52
22
(22)
551
487
Foreign exchange
489
140
134
(126)
(206)
126
(44)
513
114
Equity
(384)
1,036
758
(1,584)
(1,111)
530
(544)
(1,299)
936
Commodity
(146)
71
42
(219)
(80)
(11)
220
(123)
57
Total net derivative receivables
673
873
(c)
1,113
(2,152)
(969)
(468)
(539)
(1,469)
805
(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities
239
24
—
(165)
—
—
(38)
60
22
Total available-for-sale securities
239
24
(d)
—
(165)
—
—
(38)
60
22
(d)
Loans
1,418
133
(c)
2,309
(107)
(1,027)
1,193
(236)
3,683
29
(c)
Mortgage servicing rights
7,973
860
(e)
1,227
(191)
(760)
—
—
9,109
860
(e)
Other assets
405
20
(c)
515
(13)
(44)
8
(3)
888
56
(c)
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Fair value at Jan 1, 2023
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
Transfers into level 3
Transfers (out of) level 3
Fair value at September 30, 2023
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at September 30, 2023
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits
$
2,162
$
(37)
(c)(f)
$
—
$
—
$
608
$
(716)
$
—
$
(165)
$
1,852
$
(41)
(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings
1,401
162
(c)(f)
—
—
3,613
(3,209)
2
(24)
1,945
12
(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
84
(18)
(c)
(29)
8
—
(4)
18
(18)
41
3
(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
53
(3)
(c)
(13)
20
—
—
8
(2)
63
(3)
(c)
Long-term debt
24,092
917
(c)(f)
—
—
8,780
(8,655)
222
(509)
24,847
667
(c)(f)
105
(a)Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 2% at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Level 3 liabilities at fair value as a percentage of total Firm liabilities at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 7% and 8% at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(b)All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.
(c)Predominantly reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for CCB mortgage loans and lending-related commitments originated with the intent to sell, and mortgage loan purchase commitments, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)Realized gains/(losses) on AFS securities are reported in investment securities gains/(losses). Unrealized gains/(losses) are reported in OCI. Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded on level 3 AFS securities were not material both for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
(e)Changes in fair value for MSRs are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(f)Realized (gains)/losses due to DVA for fair value option elected liabilities are reported in principal transactions revenue, and were not material both for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Unrealized (gains)/losses are reported in OCI, and were not material for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and were $(37) million and $(277) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(g)Loan originations are included in purchases.
(h)Includes financial assets and liabilities that have matured, been partially or fully repaid, impacts of modifications, deconsolidations associated with beneficial interests in VIEs and other items.
Level 3 analysis
Consolidated balance sheets changes
The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2023, for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Refer to Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on page 108 for further information on changes impacting items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
Three and nine months ended September 30, 2024
Level 3 assets were $25.6 billion at September 30, 2024, flat when compared to June 30, 2024, and reflecting an increase of $1.9 billion from December 31, 2023.
The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was predominantly driven by higher:
•Gross derivative receivables of $1.8 billion due to gains, purchases and net transfers largely offset by settlements.
Refer to the sections below for additional information.
Transfers between levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 or from level 3 into level 2.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:
•$841 million and $1.1 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and gross equity derivative payables, respectively, as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:
•$765 million and $1.3 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and gross equity derivative payables, respectively, as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
For the three months ended September 30, 2023, there were no significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 or from level 3 into level 2.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:
•$1.8 billion of gross interest rate derivative payables as a result of transition to term SOFR for certain interest rate options.
•$1.2 billion of gross equity derivative receivables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.
•$1.2 billion of non-trading loans driven by a decrease in observability.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:
•$1.7 billion and $1.2 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and gross equity derivative payables, respectively, as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.
All transfers are based on changes in the observability and/or significance of the valuation inputs and are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.
106
Gains and losses
The following describes significant components of total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated. These amounts exclude any effects of the Firm’s risk management activities where the financial instruments are classified as level 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements rollforward tables on pages 101–106 for further information on these instruments.
Three months ended September 30, 2024
•$1.3 billion of net gains on assets, predominantly driven by gains in net derivative receivables due to market movements.
•$1.8 billion of net losses on liabilities, predominantly driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.
Three months ended September 30, 2023
•$1.7 billion of net gains on assets, predominantly driven by gains in net equity derivative receivables due to market movements and gains in MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.
•$788 million of net gains on liabilities, driven by gains in long-term debt due to market movements.
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
•$1.1 billion of net gains on assets, predominantly driven by gains in net derivative receivables and loans due to market movements as well as MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.
•$2.3 billion of net losses on liabilities, predominantly driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
•$1.9 billion of net gains on assets, driven by gains in net equity derivative receivables due to market movements and gains in MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.
•$1.0 billion of net losses on liabilities, predominantly driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.
Refer to Note 14 for information on MSRs.
Credit and funding adjustments — derivatives
The following table provides the impact of credit and funding adjustments on principal transactions revenue in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any associated hedging activities. The FVA presented below includes the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality over time.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Credit and funding adjustments:
Derivatives CVA
$
(17)
$
90
$
3
$
211
Derivatives FVA
(5)
56
32
111
Refer to Note 2 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information about both credit and funding adjustments, as well as information about valuation adjustments on fair value option elected liabilities.
107
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
The following tables present the assets and liabilities held as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, for which nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Fair value hierarchy
Total fair value
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Loans
$
—
$
663
$
896
$
1,559
Other assets(a)
—
8
945
953
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
671
$
1,841
$
2,512
Accounts payable and other liabilities
—
—
—
—
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
Fair value hierarchy
Total fair value
September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Loans
$
—
$
666
$
1,014
$
1,680
Other assets
—
37
1,276
1,313
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
703
$
2,290
$
2,993
Accounts payable and other liabilities
—
—
—
—
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
(a)Included equity securities without readily determinable fair values that were adjusted based on observable price changes in orderly transactions from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (measurement alternative). Of the $945 million in level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2024, $590 million related to equity securities adjusted based on the measurement alternative. These equity securities are classified as level 3 due to the infrequency of the observable prices and/or the restrictions on the shares. Also, included impairments on certain equity method investments.
Nonrecurring fair value changes
The following table presents the total change in value of assets and liabilities for which fair value adjustments have been recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, related to assets and liabilities held at those dates.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Loans
$
(32)
$
(75)
$
(98)
$
(200)
Other assets(a)
(323)
(376)
(529)
(536)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
—
—
—
—
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)
$
(355)
$
(451)
$
(627)
$
(736)
(a)Included $(30) million and $33 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $(176) million and $(60) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of net gains/(losses) as a result of the measurement alternative. The current period also included impairments on certain equity method investments.
108
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values
The Firm measures certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (i.e., measurement alternative), with such changes recognized in other income.
In its determination of the new carrying values upon observable price changes, the Firm may adjust the prices if deemed necessary to arrive at the Firm’s estimated fair values. Such adjustments may include adjustments to reflect the different rights and obligations of similar securities, and other adjustments that are consistent with the Firm’s valuation techniques for private equity direct investments.
The following table presents the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, that are measured under the measurement alternative and the related adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes. These securities are included in the nonrecurring fair value tables when applicable price changes are observable.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
As of or for the period ended, (in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Other assets
Carrying value(a)
$
3,660
$
4,499
$
3,660
$
4,499
Upward carrying value changes(b)
42
50
72
90
Downward carrying value changes/impairment(c)
(72)
(17)
(248)
(150)
(a)The carrying value as of December 31, 2023 was $4.5 billion. The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.
(b)The cumulative upward carrying value changes between January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2024 were $1.1 billion.
(c)The cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment between January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2024 were $(1.5) billion.
Included in other assets above is the Firm’s interest in approximately 18.6 million Visa Class B-2 common shares ("Visa B-2 shares") and 37.2 million Visa Class B common shares reflected in the Firm's principal investment portfolio as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.
The Visa Class B common shares were redenominated to Visa Class B-1 common shares (“Visa B-1 shares”) on January 24, 2024. On April 8, 2024, Visa commenced an initial exchange offer for any and all outstanding Visa B-1 shares. On May 6, 2024, the Firm announced that Visa had accepted the Firm’s tender of its 37.2 million Visa B-1 shares in exchange for a combination of Visa B-2 shares and Visa Class C common shares (“Visa C shares”). As of September 30, 2024, the Firm had disposed of all of its Visa C shares through sales and through a donation to the Firm's Foundation.
The Visa B-2 shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and are convertible into Visa Class A common shares (“Visa A shares”) at a specified conversion rate upon final resolution of certain litigation matters involving Visa. On October 11, 2024 Visa filed a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC indicating that the conversion rate of Visa B-2 shares to Visa A shares decreased from 1.5875 to 1.5430 effective September 26, 2024 and may be adjusted by Visa depending on developments related to the litigation matters. The outcome of those litigation matters, and the effect that the resolution of those matters may have on the conversion rate, is unknown. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2024, there is significant uncertainty regarding when the transfer restrictions on Visa B-2 shares may be terminated and what the final conversion rate for the Visa B-2 shares will be. As a result of these considerations, as well as differences in voting rights, Visa B-2 shares are not considered to be similar to Visa A shares, and are held at their nominal carryover basis.
In connection with prior sales of Visa Class B common shares prior to the redenomination to Visa B-1 shares, the Firm has entered into derivative instruments with the purchasers of the shares under which the Firm retains the risk associated with changes in the conversion rate. The notional amount of shares associated with those derivative instruments has been adjusted as a result of the Visa exchange offer. Refer to page 194 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
109
Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments that are not carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value
The following table presents, by fair value hierarchy classification, the carrying values and estimated fair values at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, of financial assets and liabilities, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy.
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Estimated fair value hierarchy
Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)
Carrying value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Carrying value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks
$
22.9
$
22.9
$
—
$
—
$
22.9
$
29.1
$
29.1
$
—
$
—
$
29.1
Deposits with banks
411.4
411.3
0.1
—
411.4
595.1
594.6
0.5
—
595.1
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
122.3
—
122.2
0.1
122.3
107.1
—
107.0
0.1
107.1
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
21.9
—
21.9
—
21.9
16.3
—
16.3
—
16.3
Securities borrowed
144.8
—
144.8
—
144.8
130.3
—
130.3
—
130.3
Investment securities, held-to-maturity
300.0
114.2
165.4
—
279.6
369.8
160.6
182.2
—
342.8
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses(a)
1,273.9
—
284.4
995.2
1,279.6
1,262.5
—
285.6
964.6
1,250.2
Other
85.2
—
83.8
1.6
85.4
76.1
—
74.9
1.4
76.3
Financial liabilities
Deposits
$
2,379.5
$
—
$
2,380.0
$
—
$
2,380.0
$
2,322.3
$
—
$
2,322.6
$
—
$
2,322.6
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
68.9
—
68.9
—
68.9
47.5
—
47.5
—
47.5
Short-term borrowings
22.3
—
22.4
—
22.4
24.7
—
24.7
—
24.7
Accounts payable and other liabilities(b)
268.3
—
255.0
12.4
267.4
241.8
—
233.3
8.1
241.4
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
25.7
—
25.8
—
25.8
23.0
—
23.0
—
23.0
Long-term debt
308.0
—
259.8
51.9
311.7
303.9
—
252.2
51.3
303.5
(a)Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based on the value of the underlying collateral. Carrying value of the loan takes into account the loan’s allowance for loan losses, which represents the loan’s expected credit losses over its remaining expected life. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a loan is generally attributable to changes in market interest rates, including credit spreads, market liquidity premiums and other factors that affect the fair value of a loan but do not affect its carrying value.
(b)Excludes lending-related commitments disclosed in the table below.
The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of these wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Estimated fair value hierarchy
Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)
Carrying value(a)(b)(c)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Carrying value(a)(b)(c)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments
$
2.8
$
—
$
—
$
4.5
$
4.5
$
3.0
$
—
$
—
$
4.8
$
4.8
(a)Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which is recognized at fair value at the inception of the guarantees.
(b)Includes the wholesale allowance for lending-related commitments.
(c)As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, includes fair value adjustments associated with First Republic for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $769 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Notes 22 and 26 for additional information.
The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. Refer to page 177 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments.
110
Note 3 – Fair value option
The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value for selected financial assets, financial liabilities, unrecognized firm commitments, and written loan commitments.
The Firm has elected to measure certain instruments at fair value for several reasons including to mitigate income statement volatility caused by the differences between the measurement basis of elected instruments (e.g., certain instruments that otherwise would be accounted for on an accrual basis) and the associated risk management arrangements that are accounted for on a fair value basis, as well as to better reflect those instruments that are managed on a fair value basis.
The Firm’s election of fair value includes the following instruments:
•Loans purchased or originated as part of securitization warehousing activity, subject to bifurcation accounting, or managed on a fair value basis, including lending-related commitments
•Certain securities financing agreements
•Owned beneficial interests in securitized financial assets that contain embedded credit derivatives, which would otherwise be required to be separately accounted for as a derivative instrument
•Structured notes and other hybrid instruments, which are predominantly financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives, that are issued or transacted as part of client-driven activities
•Certain long-term beneficial interests issued by CIB’s consolidated securitization trusts where the underlying assets are carried at fair value
Changes in fair value under the fair value option election
The following table presents the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.
Three months ended September 30,
2024
2023
(in millions)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
219
$
—
$
219
$
146
$
—
$
146
Securities borrowed
95
—
95
29
—
29
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
1,576
—
1,576
200
—
200
Loans reported as trading assets:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
75
—
75
17
—
17
Other changes in fair value
(1)
3
(c)
2
4
—
4
Loans:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
238
—
238
31
4
(c)
35
Other changes in fair value
190
284
(c)
474
(74)
(78)
(c)
(152)
Other assets
75
—
75
32
(1)
(d)
31
Deposits(a)
(1,209)
—
(1,209)
(454)
—
(454)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
(57)
—
(57)
(17)
—
(17)
Short-term borrowings(a)
(301)
—
(301)
(130)
—
(130)
Trading liabilities
3
—
3
4
—
4
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
—
—
—
—
—
Other liabilities
(4)
—
(4)
(2)
—
(2)
Long-term debt(a)(b)
(3,308)
2
(c)(d)
(3,306)
2,606
(14)
(c)(d)
2,592
111
Nine months ended September 30,
2024
2023
(in millions)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
Principal transactions
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded (e)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
268
$
—
$
268
$
366
$
—
$
366
Securities borrowed
309
—
309
57
—
57
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
4,385
—
4,385
2,955
—
2,955
Loans reported as trading assets:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
273
—
273
248
—
248
Other changes in fair value
18
4
(c)
22
9
2
(c)
11
Loans:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
508
(5)
(c)
503
102
—
102
Other changes in fair value
172
439
(c)
611
45
26
(c)
71
Other assets
93
—
93
46
(2)
(d)
44
Deposits(a)
(3,167)
—
(3,167)
(1,322)
—
(1,322)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
(47)
—
(47)
(86)
—
(86)
Short-term borrowings(a)
(751)
—
(751)
(399)
—
(399)
Trading liabilities
1
—
1
(26)
—
(26)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
—
—
—
—
—
Other liabilities
(6)
—
(6)
(3)
—
(3)
Long-term debt(a)(b)
(4,244)
(8)
(c)(d)
(4,252)
(855)
(42)
(c)(d)
(897)
(a)Unrealized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk (DVA) for liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected are recorded in OCI, while realized gains/(losses) are recorded in principal transactions revenue. Realized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk recorded in principal transactions revenue were not material both for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
(b)Long-term debt measured at fair value predominantly relates to structured notes. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains/(losses) reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of the risk management instruments used to manage such risk.
(c)Reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)Reported in other income.
(e)Changes in fair value exclude contractual interest, which is included in interest income and interest expense for all instruments other than certain hybrid financial instruments in CIB. Refer to Note 6 for further information regarding interest income and interest expense.
112
Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding
The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Contractual principal outstanding
Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Contractual principal outstanding
Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans
Nonaccrual loans
Loans reported as trading assets
$
3,521
$
471
$
(3,050)
$
2,987
$
588
$
(2,399)
Loans
1,267
1,072
(195)
838
732
(106)
Subtotal
4,788
1,543
(3,245)
3,825
1,320
(2,505)
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed
Loans(a)
42
38
(4)
65
59
(6)
All other performing loans(b)
Loans reported as trading assets
10,522
9,551
(971)
9,547
7,968
(1,579)
Loans
41,577
41,027
(550)
38,948
38,060
(888)
Subtotal
52,099
50,578
(1,521)
48,495
46,028
(2,467)
Total loans
$
56,929
$
52,159
$
(4,770)
$
52,385
$
47,407
$
(4,978)
Long-term debt
Principal-protected debt
$
56,592
(d)
$
48,246
$
(8,346)
$
47,768
(d)
$
38,882
$
(8,886)
Nonprincipal-protected debt(c)
NA
53,883
NA
NA
49,042
NA
Total long-term debt
NA
$
102,129
NA
NA
$
87,924
NA
Long-term beneficial interests
Nonprincipal-protected debt(c)
NA
$
1
NA
NA
$
1
NA
Total long-term beneficial interests
NA
$
1
NA
NA
$
1
NA
(a)These balances are excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(b)There were no performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(c)Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests. Unlike principal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but for structured notes to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note. However, investors are exposed to the credit risk of the Firm as issuer for both nonprincipal-protected and principal-protected notes.
(d)Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity or, if applicable, the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date.
At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the contractual amount of lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected was $10.2 billion and $9.7 billion, respectively, with a corresponding fair value of $37 million and $97 million, respectively. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K, and Note 22 of this Form 10-Q for further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments.
113
Structured note products by balance sheet classification and risk component
The following table presents the fair value of structured notes, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk type.
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Long-term debt
Short-term borrowings
Deposits
Total
Long-term debt
Short-term borrowings
Deposits
Total
Risk exposure
Interest rate
$
47,231
$
844
$
47,593
$
95,668
$
38,604
$
654
$
74,526
$
113,784
Credit
5,726
987
—
6,713
5,444
350
—
5,794
Foreign exchange
2,504
917
341
3,762
2,605
941
187
3,733
Equity
44,632
8,038
3,064
55,734
38,685
5,483
2,905
47,073
Commodity
1,421
64
1
(a)
1,486
1,862
11
1
(a)
1,874
Total structured notes
$
101,514
$
10,850
$
50,999
$
163,363
$
87,200
$
7,439
$
77,619
$
172,258
(a)Excludes deposits linked to precious metals for which the fair value option has not been elected of $859 million and $627 million for the periods ended September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
114
Note 4 – Derivative instruments
JPMorgan Chase makes markets in derivatives for clients and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage its own risk exposures. Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s use of and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments.
The Firm’s disclosures are based on the accounting treatment and purpose of these derivatives. A limited number of the Firm’s derivatives are designated in hedge
accounting relationships and are disclosed according to the type of hedge (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or net investment hedge). Derivatives not designated in hedge accounting relationships include certain derivatives that are used to manage risks associated with specified assets and liabilities (“specified risk management” positions) as well as derivatives used in the Firm’s market-making businesses or for other purposes.
The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.
Type of Derivative
Use of Derivative
Designation and disclosure
Affected segment or unit
10-Q page reference
Manage specifically identified risk exposures in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
•Interest rate
Hedge fixed rate assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
121-122
•Interest rate
Hedge floating-rate assets and liabilities
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
123
•Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
121-122
•Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated forecasted revenue and expense
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
123
•Foreign exchange
Hedge the value of the Firm’s investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities
Net investment hedge
Corporate
124
•Commodity
Hedge commodity inventory
Fair value hedge
CIB, AWM
121-122
Manage specifically identified risk exposures not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
•Interest rate
Manage the risk associated with mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs
Specified risk management
CCB
125
•Credit
Manage the credit risk associated with wholesale lending exposures
Specified risk management
CIB, AWM
125
•Interest rate and foreign exchange
Manage the risk associated with certain other specified assets and liabilities
Specified risk management
Corporate, CIB
125
Market-making derivatives and other activities:
•Various
Market-making and related risk management
Market-making and other
CIB
125
•Various
Other derivatives
Market-making and other
CIB, AWM, Corporate
125
115
Notional amount of derivative contracts
The following table summarizes the notional amount of free-standing derivative contracts outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Notional amounts(b)
(in billions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Interest rate contracts
Swaps
$
27,623
$
23,251
Futures and forwards
4,439
2,690
Written options
3,439
3,370
Purchased options
3,455
3,362
Total interest rate contracts
38,956
32,673
Credit derivatives(a)
1,523
1,045
Foreign exchange contracts
Cross-currency swaps
5,002
4,721
Spot, futures and forwards
9,495
6,957
Written options
1,047
830
Purchased options
1,027
798
Total foreign exchange contracts
16,571
13,306
Equity contracts
Swaps
856
639
Futures and forwards
187
157
Written options
1,016
778
Purchased options
888
698
Total equity contracts
2,947
2,272
Commodity contracts
Swaps
134
115
Spot, futures and forwards
211
157
Written options
159
130
Purchased options
135
115
Total commodity contracts
639
517
Total derivative notional amounts
$
60,636
$
49,813
(a)Refer to the Credit derivatives discussion on page 126 for more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts.
(b)Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.
While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative contracts, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is simply a reference amount used to calculate payments.
116
Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated balance sheets
The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships or not) and contract type.
Free-standing derivative receivables and payables(a)
Gross derivative receivables
Gross derivative payables
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
Net derivative receivables(b)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate
$
306,252
$
—
$
306,252
$
24,134
$
288,844
$
1
$
288,845
$
8,608
Credit
10,522
—
10,522
609
13,973
—
13,973
1,726
Foreign exchange
195,917
556
196,473
16,989
198,116
1,880
199,996
12,648
Equity
98,845
—
98,845
5,351
111,659
—
111,659
10,610
Commodity
21,619
25
21,644
5,478
19,327
85
19,412
5,073
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
633,155
$
581
$
633,736
$
52,561
$
631,919
$
1,966
$
633,885
$
38,665
Gross derivative receivables
Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
Net derivative receivables(b)
Not designated as hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate
$
250,689
$
2
$
250,691
$
26,324
$
240,482
$
—
$
240,482
$
11,896
Credit
9,654
—
9,654
551
12,038
—
12,038
1,089
Foreign exchange
205,010
765
205,775
18,019
210,623
1,640
212,263
12,620
Equity
57,689
—
57,689
4,928
65,811
—
65,811
9,368
Commodity
15,228
211
15,439
5,042
16,286
92
16,378
5,874
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
538,270
$
978
$
539,248
$
54,864
$
545,240
$
1,732
$
546,972
$
40,847
(a)Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further information.
(b)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral receivables and payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.
117
Derivatives netting
The following tables present, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, gross and net derivative receivables and payables by contract and settlement type. Derivative receivables and payables, as well as the related cash collateral from the same counterparty, have been netted on the Consolidated balance sheets where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement. Where such a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, amounts are not eligible for netting on the Consolidated balance sheets, and those derivative receivables and payables are shown separately in the tables below.
In addition to the cash collateral received and transferred that is presented on a net basis with derivative receivables and payables, the Firm receives and transfers additional collateral (financial instruments and cash). These amounts mitigate counterparty credit risk associated with the Firm’s derivative instruments, but are not eligible for net presentation:
•collateral that consists of liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians, which are shown separately as “Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets” in the tables below, up to the fair value exposure amount. For the purpose of this disclosure, the definition of liquid securities is consistent with the definition of high quality liquid assets as defined in the LCR rule;
•the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables below; and
•collateral held or transferred that relates to derivative receivables or payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained with respect to the master netting agreement, which is excluded from the tables below.
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Gross derivative receivables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative receivables
Gross derivative receivables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative receivables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative receivables
Interest rate contracts:
Over-the-counter (“OTC”)
$
166,047
$
(143,724)
$
22,323
$
176,901
$
(152,703)
$
24,198
OTC–cleared
138,294
(138,158)
136
71,419
(71,275)
144
Exchange-traded(a)
241
(236)
5
402
(389)
13
Total interest rate contracts
304,582
(282,118)
22,464
248,722
(224,367)
24,355
Credit contracts:
OTC
7,735
(7,393)
342
7,637
(7,226)
411
OTC–cleared
2,684
(2,520)
164
1,904
(1,877)
27
Total credit contracts
10,419
(9,913)
506
9,541
(9,103)
438
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC
194,493
(179,201)
15,292
203,624
(187,295)
16,329
OTC–cleared
314
(283)
31
469
(459)
10
Exchange-traded(a)
21
—
21
6
(2)
4
Total foreign exchange contracts
194,828
(179,484)
15,344
204,099
(187,756)
16,343
Equity contracts:
OTC
38,268
(35,837)
2,431
25,001
(23,677)
1,324
Exchange-traded(a)
59,463
(57,657)
1,806
30,462
(29,084)
1,378
Total equity contracts
97,731
(93,494)
4,237
55,463
(52,761)
2,702
Commodity contracts:
OTC
11,045
(8,206)
2,839
8,049
(5,084)
2,965
OTC–cleared
106
(80)
26
133
(123)
10
Exchange-traded(a)
8,296
(7,880)
416
5,214
(5,190)
24
Total commodity contracts
19,447
(16,166)
3,281
13,396
(10,397)
2,999
Derivative receivables with appropriate legal opinion
627,007
(581,175)
45,832
(d)
531,221
(484,384)
46,837
(d)
Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
6,729
6,729
8,027
8,027
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
633,736
$
52,561
$
539,248
$
54,864
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)
(23,082)
(22,461)
Net amounts
$
29,479
$
32,403
118
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Gross derivative payables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative payables
Gross derivative payables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative payables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative payables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC
$
144,408
$
(137,394)
$
7,014
$
161,901
$
(152,467)
$
9,434
OTC–cleared
142,941
(142,409)
532
76,007
(75,729)
278
Exchange-traded(a)
436
(434)
2
436
(390)
46
Total interest rate contracts
287,785
(280,237)
7,548
238,344
(228,586)
9,758
Credit contracts:
OTC
11,419
(10,083)
1,336
10,332
(9,313)
1,019
OTC–cleared
2,334
(2,164)
170
1,639
(1,636)
3
Total credit contracts
13,753
(12,247)
1,506
11,971
(10,949)
1,022
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC
197,375
(187,064)
10,311
209,386
(199,173)
10,213
OTC–cleared
306
(284)
22
552
(470)
82
Exchange-traded(a)
17
—
17
6
—
6
Total foreign exchange contracts
197,698
(187,348)
10,350
209,944
(199,643)
10,301
Equity contracts:
OTC
51,106
(43,393)
7,713
29,999
(27,360)
2,639
Exchange-traded(a)
58,200
(57,656)
544
33,137
(29,083)
4,054
Total equity contracts
109,306
(101,049)
8,257
63,136
(56,443)
6,693
Commodity contracts:
OTC
9,066
(6,577)
2,489
8,788
(5,192)
3,596
OTC–cleared
80
(80)
—
120
(120)
—
Exchange-traded(a)
7,682
(7,682)
—
5,376
(5,192)
184
Total commodity contracts
16,828
(14,339)
2,489
14,284
(10,504)
3,780
Derivative payables with appropriate legal opinion
625,370
(595,220)
30,150
(d)
537,679
(506,125)
31,554
(d)
Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
8,515
8,515
9,293
9,293
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
633,885
$
38,665
$
546,972
$
40,847
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)
(9,522)
(4,547)
Net amounts
$
29,143
$
36,300
(a)Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.
(b)Includes liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has been obtained. For some counterparties, the collateral amounts of financial instruments may exceed the derivative receivables and derivative payables balances. Where this is the case, the total amount reported is limited to the net derivative receivables and net derivative payables balances with that counterparty.
(c)Derivative collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.
(d)Net derivatives receivable included cash collateral netted of $44.7 billion and $48.3 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Net derivatives payable included cash collateral netted of $58.8 billion and $70.0 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Derivative cash collateral relates to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.
119
Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features
Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features related to the Firm’s derivative contracts.
The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables
$
15,954
$
14,655
Collateral posted
15,871
14,673
The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch downgrade of the long-term issuer ratings of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, predominantly JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade. Derivatives contracts generally require additional collateral to be posted or terminations to be triggered when the predefined rating threshold is breached. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another major rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral (except in certain instances in which additional initial margin may be required upon a ratings downgrade), nor in termination payment requirements. The liquidity impact in the table is calculated based upon a downgrade below the lowest current rating of the rating agencies referred to in the derivative contract.
Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade(a)
$
65
$
1,056
$
75
$
1,153
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade(b)
85
576
93
592
(a)Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.
(b)Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.
Derivatives executed in contemplation of a sale of the underlying financial asset
In certain instances the Firm enters into transactions in which it transfers financial assets but maintains the economic exposure to the transferred assets by entering into a derivative with the same counterparty in contemplation of the initial transfer. The Firm generally accounts for such transfers as collateralized financing transactions as described in Note 10, but in limited circumstances they may qualify to be accounted for as a sale and a derivative under U.S. GAAP. The amount of such transfers accounted for as a sale where the associated derivative was outstanding was not material at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
120
Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated statements of income
The following tables provide information related to gains and losses recorded on derivatives based on their hedge accounting designation or purpose.
Fair value hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Firm includes gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the related hedged item.
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of excluded components(e)
OCI impact
Three months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
353
$
(91)
$
262
$
—
$
195
$
—
Foreign exchange(c)
(668)
744
76
(147)
76
(27)
Commodity(d)
(37)
84
47
—
47
—
Total
$
(352)
$
737
$
385
$
(147)
$
318
$
(27)
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components(e)
OCI impact
Three months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
620
$
(577)
$
43
$
—
$
61
$
—
Foreign exchange(c)
(18)
71
53
(145)
53
(7)
Commodity(d)
938
(799)
139
—
145
—
Total
$
1,540
$
(1,305)
$
235
$
(145)
$
259
$
(7)
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of excluded components(e)
OCI impact
Nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
831
$
(353)
$
478
$
—
$
428
$
—
Foreign exchange(c)
(863)
1,044
181
(394)
181
(43)
Commodity(d)
165
(63)
102
—
99
—
Total
$
133
$
628
$
761
$
(394)
$
708
$
(43)
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Income statement impact of
excluded components(e)
OCI impact
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Income statement impact
Amortization approach
Changes in fair value
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
1,641
$
(1,516)
$
125
$
—
$
75
$
—
Foreign exchange(c)
394
(211)
183
(474)
183
(20)
Commodity(d)
(180)
536
356
—
362
—
Total
$
1,855
$
(1,191)
$
664
$
(474)
$
620
$
(20)
(a)Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)Includes the amortization of income/expense associated with the inception hedge accounting adjustment applied to the hedged item. Excludes the accrual of interest on interest rate swaps and the related hedged items.
(c)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items due to changes in foreign currency rates and the income statement impact of excluded components were recorded primarily in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.
(d)Consists of overall fair value hedges of physical commodities inventories that are generally carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value (net realizable value approximates fair value). Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(e)The assessment of hedge effectiveness excludes certain components of the changes in fair values of the derivatives and hedged items such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts, time values and cross-currency basis spreads. Excluded components may impact earnings either through amortization of the initial amount over the life of the derivative, or through fair value changes recognized in the current period.
(f)Represents the change in value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness under the amortization approach, predominantly cross-currency basis spreads. The amount excluded at inception of the hedge is recognized in earnings over the life of the derivative.
121
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated balance sheets related to certain cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that are expected to reverse through the income statement in future periods as an adjustment to yield.
Carrying amount of the hedged items(a)(b)
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items:
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Active hedging relationships(d)
Discontinued hedging relationships(d)(e)
Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS
$
179,277
(c)
$
3,001
$
(1,815)
$
1,186
Liabilities
Long-term debt
215,891
1,204
(9,493)
(8,289)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
2,363
20
(6)
14
Carrying amount of the hedged items(a)(b)
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items:
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Active hedging relationships(d)
Discontinued hedging relationships(d)(e)
Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS
$
151,752
(c)
$
549
$
(2,010)
$
(1,461)
Liabilities
Long-term debt
195,455
(2,042)
(9,727)
(11,769)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
—
—
—
—
(a)Excludes physical commodities with a carrying value of $3.1 billion and $5.6 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, to which the Firm applies fair value hedge accounting. As a result of the application of hedge accounting, these inventories are carried at fair value, thus recognizing unrealized gains and losses in current periods. Since the Firm exits these positions at fair value, there is no incremental impact to net income in future periods.
(b)Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk, as basis adjustments related to foreign currency hedges will not reverse through the income statement in future periods. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying amount excluded for AFS securities was $34.5 billion and $19.3 billion, respectively. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying amount excluded for long-term debt was $556 million and zero, respectively.
(c)Carrying amount represents the amortized cost, net of allowance if applicable. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of the portfolio layer method closed portfolios was $61.3 billion and $83.9 billion, of which $56.2 billion and $68.0 billion was designated as hedged, respectively. The amount designated as hedged is the sum of the notional amounts of all outstanding layers in each portfolio, which includes both spot starting and forward starting layers. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the cumulative amount of basis adjustments was $328 million and $(165) million, which is comprised of $694 million and $73 million for active hedging relationships, and $(366) million and $(238) million for discontinued hedging relationships, respectively. Refer to Note 9 for additional information.
(d)Positive (negative) amounts related to assets represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will reduce (increase) net interest income in future periods. Positive (negative) amounts related to liabilities represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will increase (reduce) net interest income in future periods.
(e)Represents basis adjustments existing on the balance sheet date associated with hedged items that have been de-designated from qualifying fair value hedging relationships.
122
Cash flow hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Firm includes the gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the change in cash flows on the related hedged item.
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded in OCI
Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
$
(716)
$
2,071
$
2,787
Foreign exchange(b)
43
242
199
Total
$
(673)
$
2,313
$
2,986
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
$
(514)
$
(1,087)
$
(573)
Foreign exchange(b)
71
(122)
(193)
Total
$
(443)
$
(1,209)
$
(766)
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded in OCI
Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
$
(1,998)
$
(330)
$
1,668
Foreign exchange(b)
81
198
117
Total
$
(1,917)
$
(132)
$
1,785
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income
Amounts recorded in OCI
Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
$
(1,416)
$
(1,825)
$
(409)
Foreign exchange(b)
25
64
39
Total
$
(1,391)
$
(1,761)
$
(370)
(a)Primarily consists of hedges of SOFR-indexed floating-rate assets. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.
The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that approximately $(1.2) billion (after-tax) of net losses recorded in AOCI at September 30, 2024, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. For cash flow hedges that have been terminated, the maximum length of time over which the derivative results recorded in AOCI will be recognized in earnings is approximately six years, corresponding to the timing of the originally hedged forecasted cash flows. For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately seven years. The Firm’s longer-dated forecasted transactions relate to core lending and borrowing activities.
123
Net investment hedge gains and losses
The following table presents hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
2024
2023
Three months ended September 30, (in millions)
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives
$
151
$
(2,487)
$
26
$
1,650
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
2024
2023
Nine months ended September 30, (in millions)
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Amounts recorded in
income(a)(b)
Amounts recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives
$
344
$
(83)
$
231
$
558
(a)Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. The Firm elects to record changes in fair value of these amounts directly in other income.
(b)Excludes amounts reclassified from AOCI to income associated with net investment hedges. The Firm reclassified a net pre-tax gain of $36 million and $46 million to other income/expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Firm reclassified a pre-tax loss of $(38) million to other income/expense predominantly related to the acquisition of CIFM. The amounts reclassified for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were not material. Refer to Note 19 for further information.
124
Gains and losses on derivatives used for specified risk management purposes
The following table presents pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge accounting relationships, that are used to manage risks associated with certain specified assets and liabilities, including certain risks arising from mortgage commitments, warehouse loans, MSRs, wholesale lending exposures, and foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities.
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Contract type
Interest rate(a)
$
122
$
(259)
$
(123)
$
(385)
Credit(b)
(143)
(39)
(424)
(202)
Foreign exchange(c)
4
(22)
32
21
Total
$
(17)
$
(320)
$
(515)
$
(566)
(a)Primarily represents interest rate derivatives used to hedge the interest rate risk inherent in mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs, as well as written commitments to originate warehouse loans. Gains and losses were recorded predominantly in mortgage fees and related income.
(b)Relates to credit derivatives used to mitigate credit risk associated with lending exposures in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. These derivatives do not include credit derivatives used to mitigate counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables, which is included in gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(c)Primarily relates to derivatives used to mitigate foreign exchange risk of specified foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
Gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives
The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet the needs of customers and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. All derivatives not included in the hedge accounting or specified risk management categories above are included in this category. Gains and losses on these derivatives are primarily recorded in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Note 5 for information on principal transactions revenue.
125
Credit derivatives
Refer to Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of credit derivatives. The following tables present a summary of the notional amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes the Firm sold and purchased as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.
Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
Maximum payout/Notional amount
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)
Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps
$
(599,707)
$
611,107
$
11,400
$
5,328
Other credit derivatives(a)
(133,344)
162,202
28,858
10,972
Total credit derivatives
(733,051)
773,309
40,258
16,300
Credit-related notes(b)
—
—
—
11,481
Total
$
(733,051)
$
773,309
$
40,258
$
27,781
Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)
Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps
$
(450,172)
$
473,823
$
23,651
$
7,517
Other credit derivatives(a)
(38,846)
45,416
6,570
29,206
Total credit derivatives
(489,018)
519,239
30,221
36,723
Credit-related notes(b)
—
—
—
9,788
Total
$
(489,018)
$
519,239
$
30,221
$
46,511
(a)Other credit derivatives predominantly consist of credit swap options and total return swaps.
(b)Predominantly represents Other protection purchased by CIB.
(c)Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.
(d)Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.
(e)Represents protection purchased by the Firm on referenced instruments (single-name, portfolio or index) where the Firm has not sold any protection on the identical reference instrument. Also includes credit protection against certain loans and lending-related commitments in the retained lending portfolio through the issuance of credit derivatives and credit-related notes.
The following tables summarize the notional amounts by the ratings, maturity profile, and total fair value, of credit derivatives as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, where JPMorgan Chase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives where JPMorgan Chase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.
Protection sold — credit derivatives ratings(a)/maturity profile
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
<1 year
1–5 years
>5 years
Total notional amount
Fair value of receivables(b)
Fair value of payables(b)
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade
$
(180,831)
$
(300,486)
$
(101,657)
$
(582,974)
$
4,886
$
(1,709)
$
3,177
Noninvestment-grade
(41,966)
(84,700)
(23,411)
(150,077)
2,480
(1,211)
1,269
Total
$
(222,797)
$
(385,186)
$
(125,068)
$
(733,051)
$
7,366
$
(2,920)
$
4,446
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
<1 year
1–5 years
>5 years
Total notional amount
Fair value of receivables(b)
Fair value of payables(b)
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade
$
(89,981)
$
(263,834)
$
(29,470)
$
(383,285)
$
3,659
$
(1,144)
$
2,515
Noninvestment-grade
(31,419)
(69,515)
(4,799)
(105,733)
2,466
(1,583)
883
Total
$
(121,400)
$
(333,349)
$
(34,269)
$
(489,018)
$
6,125
$
(2,727)
$
3,398
(a)The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s.
(b)Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements including cash collateral netting.
126
Note 5 – Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense
Noninterest revenue
Refer to Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s noninterest revenue.
Investment banking fees
The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Underwriting
Equity
$
344
$
274
$
1,192
$
824
Debt
1,040
677
3,073
2,053
Total underwriting
1,384
951
4,265
2,877
Advisory
847
771
2,224
2,007
Total investment banking fees
$
2,231
$
1,722
$
6,489
$
4,884
Principal transactions
The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on trading assets and liabilities, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm’s client-driven market-making activities in CIB and fund deployment activities in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Note 6 for further information on interest income and interest expense.
Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument types in connection with their market-making and related risk-management activities; accordingly, the trading revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual LOB.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Trading revenue by instrument type
Interest rate(a)
$
711
$
1,383
$
2,717
$
4,950
Credit(b)
319
487
1,457
1,540
Foreign exchange
1,259
1,219
3,872
4,205
Equity
3,342
2,677
10,720
8,311
Commodity
359
450
805
1,744
Total trading revenue
5,990
6,216
19,571
20,750
Private equity gains/(losses)
(2)
(6)
21
(15)
Principal transactions
$
5,988
$
6,210
$
19,592
$
20,735
(a)Includes the impact of changes in funding valuation adjustments on derivatives.
(b)Includes the impact of changes in credit valuation adjustments on derivatives, net of the associated hedging activities.
Lending- and deposit-related fees
The following table presents the components of lending- and deposit-related fees.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Lending-related fees(a)
$
542
$
777
$
1,663
$
1,736
Deposit-related fees
1,382
1,262
3,991
3,751
Total lending- and deposit-related fees
$
1,924
$
2,039
$
5,654
$
5,487
(a)Includes the amortization of the fair value discount on certain acquired lending-related commitments associated with First Republic, predominantly in AWM and CIB. The discount is deferred in other liabilities and recognized on a straight-line basis over the commitment period and was largely recognized in the prior year as the commitments are generally short term. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
Deposit-related fees include the impact of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees.
Asset management fees
The following table presents the components of asset management fees.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Asset management fees
Investment management fees
$
4,381
$
3,825
$
12,650
$
10,910
All other asset management fees
98
79
277
233
Total asset management fees
$
4,479
$
3,904
$
12,927
$
11,143
Commissions and other fees
The following table presents the components of commissions and other fees.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Commissions and other fees
Brokerage commissions and fees
$
785
$
692
$
2,336
$
2,161
Administration fees
660
589
1,874
1,721
All other commissions and fees (a)
491
424
1,455
1,257
Total commissions and other fees
$
1,936
$
1,705
$
5,665
$
5,139
(a)Includes travel-related and annuity sales commissions, depositary receipt-related service fees, as well as other service fees, which are recognized as revenue when the services are rendered.
127
Card income
The following table presents the components of card income.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Interchange and merchant processing income
$
8,543
$
7,914
$
24,894
$
22,938
Rewards costs and partner payments
(6,833)
(6,283)
(19,793)
(18,184)
Other card income(a)
(365)
(422)
(1,206)
(1,217)
Total card income
$
1,345
$
1,209
$
3,895
$
3,537
(a)Predominantly represents the amortization of account origination costs and annual fees, which are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period.
Refer to Note 14 for further information onmortgage fees and related income.
Other income
The following table presents certain components of other income.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Operating lease income
$
706
$
695
$
2,067
$
2,166
Losses on tax-oriented investments
(78)
(316)
(115)
(1,190)
Estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition
—
100
103
2,812
Gain related to the acquisition of CIFM(a)
—
—
—
339
Initial gain on the Visa share exchange
—
—
7,990
(b)
—
(a)Gain on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% of the entity.
(b)Relates to the initial gain recognized on May 6, 2024. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.
Refer to Note 16 for information on operating lease income included within other income.
Proportional Amortization Method: Effective January 1, 2024, as a result of adopting updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method guidance, the amortization of certain of the Firm's alternative energy tax-oriented investments that was previously recognized in other income is now being recognized in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Refer to Notes 1 and 13 for additional information.
Noninterest expense
Other expense
Other expense on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income includes the following:
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Legal expense
$
259
$
665
$
504
$
1,261
FDIC-related expense
312
342
1,576
(d)
997
Operating losses(a)
397
310
1,019
913
Contribution of Visa shares(b)
—
—
1,000
—
First Republic-related expense(c)
142
244
615
843
(a)Predominantly fraud losses in CCB associated with customer deposit accounts, credit and debit cards.
(b)Represents the contribution of a portion of Visa C shares to the JPMorgan Chase Foundation. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.
(c)Reflects the expenses classified within other expense, including $78 million and $394 million of restructuring and integration costs associated with First Republic in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Additionally, the second quarter of 2023 Included payments to the FDIC for the First Republic individuals who were not employees of the Firm until July 2, 2023. Refer to Note 26 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.
(d)The first quarter of 2024 included an increase of $725 million to the FDIC special assessment reflecting the FDIC's revised estimate of Deposit Insurance Fund losses.
128
Note 6 – Interest income and Interest expense
Refer to Note 7 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding interest income and interest expense.
The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Interest income
Loans(a)
$
23,509
$
22,311
$
69,281
$
60,325
Taxable securities
5,849
4,513
15,844
12,674
Non-taxable securities(b)
298
360
923
951
Total investment securities(a)
6,147
4,873
16,767
13,625
Trading assets - debt instruments
5,613
4,164
15,198
11,823
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
5,226
3,951
14,262
10,849
Securities borrowed
2,478
2,085
6,821
5,667
Deposits with banks
5,366
5,270
17,811
15,278
All other interest-earning assets(c)
2,077
1,902
6,227
5,637
Total interest income
$
50,416
$
44,556
$
146,367
$
123,204
Interest expense
Interest-bearing deposits
$
12,914
$
10,796
$
37,569
$
28,024
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
5,733
3,523
14,810
9,727
Short-term borrowings
542
512
1,579
1,361
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing liabilities(d)
2,632
2,463
7,872
6,807
Long-term debt
4,838
4,239
14,236
11,428
Beneficial interest issued by consolidated VIEs
352
297
1,068
641
Total interest expense
$
27,011
$
21,830
$
77,134
$
57,988
Net interest income
$
23,405
$
22,726
$
69,233
$
65,216
Provision for credit losses
3,111
1,384
8,047
6,558
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
$
20,294
$
21,342
$
61,186
$
58,658
(a)Includes the amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts, as well as net deferred fees and costs on loans.
(b)Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(c)Includes interest earned on brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)All other interest-bearing liabilities includes interest expense on brokerage-related customer payables.
129
Note 7 – Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans
Refer to Note 8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s pension and OPEB plans.
The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income for the Firm’s defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Total net periodic defined benefit plan cost/(credit)
$
(114)
$
(104)
$
(342)
$
(292)
Total defined contribution plans
461
403
1,292
1,165
Total pension and OPEB cost included in noninterest expense
$
347
$
299
$
950
$
873
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair values of plan assets for the Firm’s significant defined benefit pension and OPEB plans were $23.2 billion and $22.0 billion, respectively.
130
Note 8 – Employee share-based incentives
Refer to Note 9 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the accounting policies and other information relating to employee share-based incentives.
The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee share-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Cost of prior grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance share units (“PSUs”) and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods
$
359
$
363
$
1,224
$
1,169
Accrual of estimated costs of share-based awards to be granted in future periods, predominantly those to full-career eligible employees
490
419
1,507
1,317
Total noncash compensation expense related to employee share-based incentive plans
$
849
$
782
$
2,731
$
2,486
In the first quarter of 2024, in connection with its annual incentive grant for the 2023 performance year, the Firm granted 17 million RSUs and 726 thousand PSUs with weighted-average grant date fair values of $164.42 per RSU and $165.62 per PSU.
131
Note 9 – Investment securities
Investment securities consist of debt securities that are classified as AFS or HTM. Debt securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 2. Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and CIO in connection with its asset-liability management activities. At September 30, 2024, the investment securities portfolio consisted of debt securities with an
average credit rating of AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings).
Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the investment securities portfolio.
The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Amortized cost(d)(e)
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Amortized cost(d)(e)
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
$
83,081
$
1,280
$
2,498
$
81,863
$
88,377
$
870
$
4,077
$
85,170
Residential:
U.S.
3,321
33
33
3,321
2,086
10
68
2,028
Non-U.S.
733
3
—
736
1,608
4
1
1,611
Commercial
3,651
32
74
3,609
2,930
12
139
2,803
Total mortgage-backed securities
90,786
1,348
2,605
89,529
95,001
896
4,285
91,612
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
170,989
1,433
240
172,182
58,051
276
522
57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
18,112
340
247
18,205
21,243
390
266
21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities
42,627
229
303
42,553
21,387
254
359
21,282
Corporate debt securities
70
—
9
61
128
—
28
100
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
9,655
32
5
9,682
6,769
11
28
6,752
Other
2,318
26
8
2,336
2,804
8
26
2,786
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value
basis adjustments(a)
694
(694)
—
NA
73
(73)
—
NA
Total available-for-sale securities
335,251
2,714
3,417
334,548
205,456
1,762
5,514
201,704
Held-to-maturity securities(b)
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
99,328
94
9,641
89,781
105,614
39
11,643
94,010
U.S. Residential
8,874
11
688
8,197
9,709
4
970
8,743
Commercial
9,324
48
315
9,057
10,534
13
581
9,966
Total mortgage-backed securities
117,526
153
10,644
107,035
125,857
56
13,194
112,719
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
123,504
—
9,343
114,161
173,666
—
13,074
160,592
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
9,426
54
542
8,938
9,945
74
591
9,428
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
47,999
68
24
48,043
58,565
47
352
58,260
Other
1,499
2
37
1,464
1,815
1
61
1,755
Total held-to-maturity securities(c)
299,954
277
20,590
279,641
369,848
178
27,272
342,754
Total investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
$
635,205
$
2,991
$
24,007
$
614,189
$
575,304
$
1,940
$
32,786
$
544,458
(a)Represents the amount of portfolio layer method basis adjustments related to AFS securities hedged in a closed portfolio. Under U.S. GAAP portfolio layer method basis adjustments are not allocated to individual securities, however the amounts impact the unrealized gains or losses in the table for the types of securities being hedged. Refer to Note 4 for additional information.
(b)The Firm purchased $1.4 billion and $2.4 billion of HTM securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $4.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023; there were no purchases of HTM securities for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
(c)Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted the portfolio layer method hedge accounting guidance which permitted a transfer of HTM securities to AFS upon adoption. The Firm transferred obligations of U.S. states and municipalities with a carrying value of $7.1 billion resulting in the recognition of $38 million net pre-tax unrealized losses in AOCI. This transfer was a non-cash transaction. Refer to Note 19 of this Form 10-Q and Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
(d)The amortized cost of investment securities is reported net of allowance for credit losses of $175 million and $128 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(e)Excludes $3.7 billion and $2.8 billion of accrued interest receivable at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Firm did not reverse through interest income any accrued interest receivable for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for accrued interest receivable on investment securities.
132
AFS securities impairment
The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses by aging category for AFS securities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The tables exclude U.S. Treasury and government agency securities and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS with unrealized losses of $2.7 billion and $4.6 billion, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; changes in the value of these securities are generally driven by changes in interest rates rather than changes in their credit profile given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government.
Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 months
12 months or more
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.
$
110
$
—
$
975
$
33
$
1,085
$
33
Non-U.S.
—
—
—
—
—
—
Commercial
164
2
1,304
72
1,468
74
Total mortgage-backed securities
274
2
2,279
105
2,553
107
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
1,931
19
2,337
228
4,268
247
Non-U.S. government debt securities
6,510
41
4,500
262
11,010
303
Corporate debt securities
—
—
17
9
17
9
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
395
—
516
5
911
5
Other
119
—
316
8
435
8
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
$
9,229
$
62
$
9,965
$
617
$
19,194
$
679
Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
Less than 12 months
12 months or more
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.
$
81
$
—
$
1,160
$
68
$
1,241
$
68
Non-U.S.
—
—
722
1
722
1
Commercial
228
3
1,775
136
2,003
139
Total mortgage-backed securities
309
3
3,657
205
3,966
208
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
2,134
20
2,278
246
4,412
266
Non-U.S. government debt securities
7,145
23
4,987
336
12,132
359
Corporate debt securities
9
—
79
28
88
28
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations
932
2
3,744
26
4,676
28
Other
208
1
1,288
25
1,496
26
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
$
10,737
$
49
$
16,033
$
866
$
26,770
$
915
133
HTM securities – credit risk
Credit quality indicator
The primary credit quality indicator for HTM securities is the risk rating assigned to each security. At both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all HTM securities were rated investment grade and were current and accruing, with approximately 99% rated at least AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings).
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities
The allowance for credit losses on investment securities was $175 million and $117 million as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which included a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings related to the transfer of HTM securities to AFS for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further discussion of accounting policies for AFS and HTM securities.
Selected impacts of investment securities on the Consolidated statements of income
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Realized gains
$
298
$
16
$
535
$
345
Realized losses
(314)
(685)
(1,464)
(2,782)
Investment securities losses
$
(16)
$
(669)
$
(929)
$
(2,437)
Provision for credit losses
$
(2)
$
13
$
47
$
27
134
Contractual maturities and yields
The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at September 30, 2024, of JPMorgan Chase’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.
By remaining maturity September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through 10 years
Due after
10 years(c)
Total
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
3
$
6,666
$
4,501
$
79,616
$
90,786
Fair value
3
6,674
4,557
78,295
89,529
Average yield(a)
4.65
%
4.80
%
5.54
%
4.91
%
4.94
%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost
$
—
$
124,332
$
39,682
$
6,975
$
170,989
Fair value
—
125,501
39,785
6,896
172,182
Average yield(a)
—
%
4.90
%
5.40
%
5.79
%
5.05
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost
$
9
$
14
$
66
$
18,023
$
18,112
Fair value
9
13
66
18,117
18,205
Average yield(a)
1.47
%
3.19
%
4.25
%
5.82
%
5.81
%
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Amortized cost
$
19,745
$
10,621
$
6,796
$
5,465
$
42,627
Fair value
19,753
10,615
6,685
5,500
42,553
Average yield(a)
4.64
%
4.45
%
2.85
%
3.86
%
4.21
%
Corporate debt securities
Amortized cost
$
108
$
9
$
5
$
—
$
122
Fair value
47
9
5
—
61
Average yield(a)
13.80
%
4.06
%
4.19
%
—
%
12.70
%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
5
$
342
$
2,248
$
9,378
$
11,973
Fair value
5
343
2,259
9,411
12,018
Average yield(a)
6.16
%
5.91
%
6.36
%
6.51
%
6.47
%
Total available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost(b)
$
19,870
$
141,984
$
53,298
$
119,457
$
334,609
Fair value
19,817
143,155
53,357
118,219
334,548
Average yield(a)
4.69
%
4.86
%
5.12
%
5.18
%
5.02
%
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
7,383
$
6,988
$
103,255
$
117,626
Fair value
—
7,034
6,387
93,614
107,035
Average yield(a)
—
%
2.63
%
2.61
%
2.99
%
2.94
%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost
$
18,840
$
56,638
$
48,026
$
—
$
123,504
Fair value
18,652
53,670
41,839
—
114,161
Average yield(a)
0.84
%
0.99
%
1.25
%
—
%
1.07
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
—
$
304
$
9,145
$
9,449
Fair value
—
—
278
8,660
8,938
Average yield(a)
—
%
—
%
3.29
%
3.94
%
3.92
%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost
$
—
$
125
$
20,626
$
28,747
$
49,498
Fair value
—
125
20,645
28,737
49,507
Average yield(a)
—
%
6.52
%
6.05
%
6.51
%
6.32
%
Total held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost(b)
$
18,840
$
64,146
$
75,944
$
141,147
$
300,077
Fair value
18,652
60,829
69,149
131,011
279,641
Average yield(a)
0.84
%
1.19
%
2.69
%
3.77
%
2.76
%
(a)Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging derivatives, including closed portfolio hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. The effective yield excludes unscheduled principal prepayments; and accordingly, actual maturities of securities may differ from their contractual or expected maturities as certain securities may be prepaid. However, for certain callable debt securities, the average yield is calculated to the earliest call date.
(b)For purposes of this table, the amortized cost of available-for-sale securities excludes the allowance for credit losses of $52 million and the portfolio layer fair value hedge basis adjustments of $694 million at September 30, 2024. The amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities also excludes the allowance for credit losses of $123 million at September 30, 2024.
(c)Substantially all of the Firm’s U.S. residential MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in 10 years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated weighted-average life, which reflects anticipated future prepayments, is approximately seven years for agency residential MBS, six years for agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations, and five years for nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.
135
Note 10 – Securities financing activities
Refer to Note 11 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of accounting policies relating to securities financing activities. Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding securities financing agreements for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 23 for further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements.
The table below summarizes the gross and net amounts of the Firm’s securities financing agreements as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to a master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparty to reduce the economic exposure with the counterparty, but such collateral is not eligible for net
Consolidated balance sheet presentation. Where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the counterparty master netting agreement, such collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet all these relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented in the table below as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below. In transactions where the Firm is acting as the lender in a securities-for-securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged or sold as collateral, the Firm recognizes the securities received at fair value within other assets and the obligation to return those securities within accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
September 30, 2024
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Net
amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
695,230
$
(304,409)
$
390,821
$
(376,898)
$
13,923
Securities borrowed
305,198
(52,764)
252,434
(191,878)
60,556
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
688,549
$
(304,409)
$
384,140
$
(339,430)
$
44,710
Securities loaned and other(a)
63,109
(52,764)
10,345
(10,230)
115
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Net
amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
523,308
$
(247,181)
$
276,127
$
(267,582)
$
8,545
Securities borrowed
244,046
(43,610)
200,436
(144,543)
55,893
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
459,985
$
(247,181)
$
212,804
$
(182,011)
$
30,793
Securities loaned and other(a)
52,142
(43,610)
8,532
(8,501)
31
(a)Includes securities-for-securities lending agreements of $5.8 billion and $5.6 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender.
(b)In some cases, collateral exchanged with a counterparty exceeds the net asset or liability balance with that counterparty. In such cases, the amounts reported in this column are limited to the related net asset or liability with that counterparty.
(c)Includes securities financing agreements that provide collateral rights, but where an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement has not been either sought or obtained. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, included $10.8 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively, of securities purchased under resale agreements; $53.3 billion and $50.7 billion, respectively, of securities borrowed; $43.9 billion and $30.0 billion, respectively, of securities sold under repurchase agreements; and securities loaned and other which were not material at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
136
The tables below present as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 the types of financial assets pledged in securities financing agreements and the remaining contractual maturity of the securities financing agreements.
Gross liability balance
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other
Mortgage-backed securities
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
$
85,012
$
—
$
71,064
$
—
Residential - nonagency
2,487
—
2,292
—
Commercial - nonagency
2,142
—
2,669
—
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies
343,191
651
216,467
1,034
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
2,061
—
2,323
—
Non-U.S. government debt
156,594
1,251
97,400
1,455
Corporate debt securities
49,049
1,785
39,247
2,025
Asset-backed securities
4,352
—
2,703
—
Equity securities
43,661
59,422
25,820
47,628
Total
$
688,549
$
63,109
$
459,985
$
52,142
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Overnight and continuous
Greater than 90 days
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
344,955
$
206,101
$
35,302
$
102,191
$
688,549
Total securities loaned and other
59,993
—
6
3,110
63,109
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
Overnight and continuous
Greater than 90 days
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
259,048
$
102,941
$
20,960
$
77,036
$
459,985
Total securities loaned and other
49,610
1,544
—
988
52,142
Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting
At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm held $617 million and $505 million, respectively, of financial assets for which the rights have been transferred to third parties; however, the transfers did not qualify as a sale in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These transfers have been recognized as collateralized financing transactions. The transferred assets are recorded in trading assets and loans, and the corresponding liabilities are recorded primarily in short-term borrowings and long-term debt on the Consolidated balance sheets.
137
Note 11 – Loans
Loan accounting framework
The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:
•Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”)
•Loans held-for-sale
•Loans at fair value
Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies. Refer to Note 3 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm's elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. Refer to Note 2 of this Form 10-Q for information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.
Loan portfolio
The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale(c)(d)
• Residential real estate(a)
• Auto and other(b)
• Credit card loans
• Secured by real estate
• Commercial and industrial
• Other(e)
(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB.
(b)Includes scored auto, business banking and consumer unsecured loans as well as overdrafts, primarily in CCB.
(c)Includes loans held in CIB, AWM, Corporate, and risk-rated exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.
(d)The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the bank regulatory agencies, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.
(e)Includes loans to SPEs, financial institutions, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.
September 30, 2024
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained
$
377,938
$
219,542
$
687,890
$
1,285,370
Held-for-sale
1,101
—
11,403
12,504
At fair value
15,906
—
26,231
42,137
Total
$
394,945
$
219,542
$
725,524
$
1,340,011
December 31, 2023
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained
$
397,275
$
211,123
$
672,472
$
1,280,870
Held-for-sale
487
—
3,498
3,985
At fair value
12,331
—
26,520
38,851
Total
$
410,093
$
211,123
$
702,490
$
1,323,706
(a)Excludes $6.7 billion and $6.8 billion of accrued interest receivables as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Accrued interest receivables written off were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
(b)Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan fees or costs. These amounts were not material as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. For the discount associated with First Republic loans, refer to Note 26 on pages 186–188.
138
The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. Loans that were reclassified to held-for-sale and sold in a subsequent period are excluded from the sales line of this table.
2024
2023
Three months ended September 30, (in millions)
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Purchases
$
180
(b)(c)
$
—
$
668
$
848
$
62
(b)(c)
$
—
$
539
$
601
Sales
2,474
—
10,488
12,962
1,318
—
13,076
14,394
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)
330
—
131
461
33
—
194
227
2024
2023
Nine months ended September 30, (in millions)
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Purchases
$
536
(b)(c)
$
—
$
1,022
$
1,558
$
92,143
(b)(c)(d)
$
—
$
59,100
(d)
$
151,243
Sales
10,440
—
31,024
41,464
1,756
—
31,956
33,712
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)
1,499
—
679
2,178
157
—
1,279
1,436
(a)Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.
(b)Includes purchases of residential real estate loans, including the Firm’s voluntary repurchases of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.
(c)Excludes purchases of retained loans of $181 million and $1.9 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $465 million and $4.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which are predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards.
(d)Includes loans acquired in the First Republic acquisition consisting of $91.9 billion in Consumer, excluding credit card and $58.4 billion in Wholesale.
Gains and losses on sales of loans
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (including adjustments to record loans and lending-related commitments held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value) recognized in noninterest revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $65 million and $125 million, respectively, of which $47 million and $80 million, respectively, were related to loans. Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $9 million and $46 million, respectively, of which $9 million and $52 million, respectively, were related to loans. In addition, the sale of loans may also result in write downs, recoveries or changes in the allowance recognized in the provision for credit losses.
139
Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio
Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of scored residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto and business banking loans, with a focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. These loans include home equity loans secured by junior liens, prime mortgage loans with an interest-only payment period, and certain payment-option loans that may result in negative amortization.
The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Residential real estate
$
311,338
$
326,409
Auto and other
66,600
70,866
Total retained loans
$
377,938
$
397,275
Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for consumer loans. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on consumer credit quality indicators.
140
Residential real estate
Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained residential real estate loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.
(in millions, except ratios)
September 30, 2024
Term loans by origination year(c)
Revolving loans
Total
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current
$
8,330
$
18,007
$
62,087
$
80,903
$
53,025
$
72,660
$
6,776
$
7,331
$
309,119
30–149 days past due
2
18
155
114
53
749
59
199
1,349
150 or more days past due
—
5
62
56
43
551
8
145
870
Total retained loans
$
8,332
$
18,030
$
62,304
$
81,073
$
53,121
$
73,960
$
6,843
$
7,675
$
311,338
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)
0.02
%
0.13
%
0.35
%
0.21
%
0.18
%
1.74
%
0.98
%
4.48
%
0.71
%
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
1
$
1
$
—
$
149
$
14
$
4
$
169
(in millions, except ratios)
December 31, 2023
Term loans by origination year(c)
Revolving loans
Total
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current
$
23,216
$
64,366
$
84,496
$
55,546
$
21,530
$
59,563
$
7,479
$
8,151
$
324,347
30–149 days past due
33
74
89
70
41
801
49
223
1,380
150 or more days past due
1
10
17
8
21
456
5
164
682
Total retained loans
$
23,250
$
64,450
$
84,602
$
55,624
$
21,592
$
60,820
$
7,533
$
8,538
$
326,409
% of 30+ days past due to
total retained loans(b)
0.15
%
0.13
%
0.13
%
0.14
%
0.29
%
2.04
%
0.72
%
4.53
%
0.63
%
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
4
$
167
$
26
$
7
$
204
(a)Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(b)Excludes mortgage loans that are 30 or more days past due insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(c)Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.
Approximately 37% of the total revolving loans are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien loans. The lien position the Firm holds is considered in the Firm’s allowance for credit losses. Revolving loans that have been converted to term loans have higher delinquency rates than those that are still within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment that is generally required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for revolving loans within the revolving period.
141
Nonaccrual loans and other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.
(in millions, except weighted-average data)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)(d)
$
3,083
$
3,466
Current estimated LTV ratios(e)(f)(g)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
$
72
$
72
Less than 660
—
—
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
146
223
Less than 660
5
4
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
4,949
6,491
Less than 660
75
102
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660
296,443
309,251
Less than 660
8,818
9,277
No FICO/LTV available(h)
830
989
Total retained loans
$
311,338
$
326,409
Weighted-average LTV ratio(e)(i)
47
%
49
%
Weighted-average FICO(f)(i)
774
770
Geographic region(h)(j)
California
$
121,688
$
127,072
New York
47,198
48,815
Florida
21,834
22,778
Texas
14,638
15,506
Massachusetts
13,619
14,213
Colorado
10,450
10,800
Illinois
10,033
10,856
Washington
9,415
9,923
New Jersey
7,609
8,050
Connecticut
6,879
7,163
All other
47,975
51,233
Total retained loans
$
311,338
$
326,409
(a)Includes collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans, regardless of their delinquency status. At September 30, 2024, approximately 9% of Chapter 7 residential real estate loans were 30 days or more past due.
(b)Mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies excluded from nonaccrual loans were not material at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(c)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.
(d)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $38 million and $44 million and $123 million and $133 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(e)Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.
(f)Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.
(g)Includes residential real estate loans, primarily held in LLCs in AWM that did not have a refreshed FICO score. These loans have been included in a FICO band based on management’s estimation of the borrower’s credit quality.
(h)Included U.S. government-guaranteed loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(i)Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.
(j)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at September 30, 2024.
142
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of residential real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Firm's proprietary modification programs as well as government programs, including U.S. GSE programs, that generally provide various modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment deferral and principal forgiveness that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement, are considered FDMs. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
Financial effects of FDMs
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, residential real estate FDMs were $74 million and $188 million, respectively. The financial effects of the FDMs, which were predominantly in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by 8 years for both periods, and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from 7.78% to 5.78% and 7.81% to 5.37% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, residential real estate FDMs were $43 million and $110 million, respectively. The financial effects of the FDMs, which were predominantly in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by 22 years and 19 years, and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from 7.22% to 4.63% and 7.04% to 4.24% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, loans subject to a trial modification, where the terms of the loans have not been permanently modified, and Chapter 7 loans were not material.
Payment status of FDMs
The following table provides information on the payment status of FDMs during the twelve months ended September 30, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
(in millions)
Amortized cost basis
Twelve months ended Sep 30,
Nine months ended Sep 30,
2024
2023
Current
$
143
$
90
30-149 days past due
45
13
150 or more days past due
23
7
Total
$
211
$
110
Defaults of FDMs
FDMs that defaulted in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default were $44 million and $74 million, respectively. FDMs that defaulted in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and were reported as FDMs on or after January 1, 2023, the date that the Firm adopted the changes to the TDR accounting guidance were not material. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
Active and suspended foreclosure
At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm had retained residential real estate loans, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, with a carrying value of $618 million and $566 million, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.
143
Auto and other
Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained auto and other loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.
September 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current
$
20,542
$
17,877
$
10,524
$
8,347
$
3,703
$
903
$
3,531
$
131
$
65,558
30–119 days past due
151
258
250
187
55
29
33
34
997
120 or more days past due
1
1
—
4
7
1
1
30
45
Total retained loans
$
20,694
$
18,136
$
10,774
$
8,538
$
3,765
$
933
$
3,565
$
195
$
66,600
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
0.73
%
1.43
%
2.32
%
2.24
%
1.65
%
3.22
%
0.95
%
32.82
%
1.56
%
Gross charge-offs
$
169
$
268
$
171
$
96
$
30
$
64
$
—
$
4
$
802
December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current
$
30,328
$
14,797
$
12,825
$
6,538
$
1,777
$
511
$
2,984
$
102
$
69,862
30–119 days past due
276
279
231
78
43
17
19
24
967
120 or more days past due
1
1
7
8
—
—
3
17
37
Total retained loans
$
30,605
$
15,077
$
13,063
$
6,624
$
1,820
$
528
$
3,006
$
143
$
70,866
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
0.91
%
1.86
%
1.75
%
1.15
%
2.36
%
3.22
%
0.73
%
28.67
%
1.39
%
Gross charge-offs
$
333
$
297
$
161
$
53
$
35
$
64
$
—
$
4
$
947
144
Nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on nonaccrual and geographic region as a credit quality indicator for retained auto and other consumer loans.
(in millions)
Total Auto and other
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)
$
233
$
177
Geographic region(c)
California
$
10,281
$
10,959
Texas
7,738
8,502
Florida
5,391
5,684
New York
4,892
4,938
Illinois
2,903
3,147
New Jersey
2,475
2,609
Pennsylvania
1,983
1,900
Georgia
1,725
1,912
Arizona
1,635
1,779
North Carolina
1,593
1,714
All other
25,984
27,722
Total retained loans
$
66,600
$
70,866
(a)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.
(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
(c)The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at September 30, 2024.
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of auto and other loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, auto and other FDMs were not material.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers modified as FDMs.
145
Credit card loan portfolio
The credit card portfolio segment includes credit card loans originated and purchased by the Firm. Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for credit card loans.
Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information on the credit card loan portfolio, including credit quality indicators.
The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.
(in millions, except ratios)
September 30, 2024
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
213,537
$
1,181
$
214,718
30–89 days past due and still accruing
2,305
103
2,408
90 or more days past due and still accruing
2,364
52
2,416
Total retained loans
$
218,206
$
1,336
$
219,542
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
2.14
%
11.60
%
2.20
%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
1.08
3.89
1.10
Gross charge-offs
$
5,868
$
176
$
6,044
(in millions, except ratios)
December 31, 2023
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
205,731
$
882
$
206,613
30–89 days past due and still accruing
2,217
84
2,301
90 or more days past due and still accruing
2,169
40
2,209
Total retained loans
$
210,117
$
1,006
$
211,123
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
2.09
%
12.33
%
2.14
%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
1.03
3.98
1.05
Gross charge-offs
$
5,325
$
166
$
5,491
Other credit quality indicators
The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.
(in millions, except ratios)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Geographic region(a)
California
$
34,251
$
32,652
Texas
23,119
22,086
New York
17,751
16,915
Florida
16,029
15,103
Illinois
11,817
11,364
New Jersey
9,152
8,688
Colorado
6,673
6,307
Ohio
6,533
6,424
Pennsylvania
6,150
6,088
Arizona
5,469
5,209
All other
82,598
80,287
Total retained loans
$
219,542
$
211,123
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
Equal to or greater than 660
85.1
%
85.8
%
Less than 660
14.7
14.0
No FICO available
0.2
0.2
(a)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at September 30, 2024.
146
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of credit card loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may involve placing the customer’s credit card account on a fixed payment plan, generally for 60 months, which typically includes reducing the interest rate on the credit card account. If the borrower does not make the contractual payments when due under the modified payment terms, the credit card loan continues to age and will be charged-off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy. In most cases, the Firm does not reinstate the borrower's line of credit.
Financial effects of FDMs
The following tables provide information on credit card loan modifications considered FDMs.
Loan modifications
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)
Amortized cost basis
$
272
$
197
$
714
$
489
% of total modifications to total retained credit card loans
0.12
%
0.10
%
0.33
%
0.25
%
Financial effect of loan modifications
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.77% to 3.03%
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.48% to 3.67%
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.89% to 3.12%
Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.15% to 3.58%
(a) Term extension includes credit card loans whose terms have been modified under long-term programs by placing the customer's credit card account on a fixed payment plan.
(b) Interest rates represents the weighted average at the time of modification.
Payment status of FDMs
The following table provides information on the payment status of FDMs during the twelve months ended September 30, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
(in millions)
Amortized cost basis
Twelve months ended Sep 30,
Nine months ended Sep 30,
2024
2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
757
$
414
30-89 days past due and still accruing
70
47
90 or more days past due and still accruing
41
28
Total
$
868
$
489
Defaults of FDMs
FDMs that defaulted in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default were not material. FDMs that defaulted in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and were reported as FDMs on or after January 1, 2023, the date that the Firm adopted the changes to the TDR accounting guidance were not material. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
For credit card loans modified as FDMs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the borrower misses two consecutive contractual payments. Defaulted modified credit card loans remain in the modification program and continue to be charged off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy.
147
Wholesale loan portfolio
Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of clients, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients, to small businesses and high-net-worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the internal risk rating assigned to each loan. Refer to Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on these risk ratings.
Internal risk rating is the primary credit quality indicator for retained wholesale loans. The following tables provide information on internal risk rating and gross charge-offs.
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other(a)
Total retained loans
(in millions, except ratios)
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
115,015
$
120,405
$
67,984
$
72,624
$
284,007
$
265,809
$
467,006
$
458,838
Noninvestment-grade:
Noncriticized
37,383
34,241
83,494
80,637
73,998
75,178
194,875
190,056
Criticized performing
10,019
7,291
11,037
12,684
1,436
1,257
22,492
21,232
Criticized nonaccrual
974
401
1,733
1,221
810
724
3,517
2,346
Total noninvestment-grade
48,376
41,933
96,264
94,542
76,244
77,159
220,884
213,634
Total retained loans
$
163,391
$
162,338
$
164,248
$
167,166
$
360,251
$
342,968
$
687,890
$
672,472
% of investment-grade to total retained loans
70.39
%
74.17
%
41.39
%
43.44
%
78.84
%
77.50
%
67.89
%
68.23
%
% of total criticized to total retained loans
6.73
4.74
7.77
8.32
0.62
0.58
3.78
3.51
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans
0.60
0.25
1.06
0.73
0.22
0.21
0.51
0.35
(a)Includes loans to SPEs, financial institutions, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, predominantly consisted of $110.7 billion and $106.9 billion, respectively, to individuals and individual entities; $98.4 billion and $87.5 billion, respectively, to financial institutions; and $91.3 billion and $91.2 billion, respectively, to SPEs. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
Secured by real estate
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
6,541
$
10,199
$
26,053
$
23,430
$
15,870
$
31,522
$
1,400
$
—
$
115,015
Noninvestment-grade
3,500
5,049
14,562
8,866
3,679
11,260
1,459
1
48,376
Total retained loans
$
10,041
$
15,248
$
40,615
$
32,296
$
19,549
$
42,782
$
2,859
$
1
$
163,391
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
18
$
37
$
—
$
33
$
51
$
—
$
—
$
139
Secured by real estate
(in millions)
December 31, 2023
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
10,687
$
28,874
$
25,784
$
16,820
$
15,677
$
21,108
$
1,455
$
—
$
120,405
Noninvestment-grade
4,477
12,579
7,839
3,840
3,987
7,918
1,291
2
41,933
Total retained loans
$
15,164
$
41,453
$
33,623
$
20,660
$
19,664
$
29,026
$
2,746
$
2
$
162,338
Gross charge-offs
$
20
$
48
$
22
$
—
$
23
$
78
$
—
$
1
$
192
148
Commercial and industrial
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
9,200
$
6,762
$
7,165
$
3,066
$
1,362
$
1,480
$
38,948
$
1
$
67,984
Noninvestment-grade
15,595
12,733
12,467
6,776
895
1,240
46,491
67
96,264
Total retained loans
$
24,795
$
19,495
$
19,632
$
9,842
$
2,257
$
2,720
$
85,439
$
68
$
164,248
Gross charge-offs
$
19
$
4
$
116
$
24
$
1
$
5
$
190
$
3
$
362
Commercial and industrial
(in millions)
December 31, 2023
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
14,875
$
10,642
$
4,276
$
2,291
$
1,030
$
1,115
$
38,394
$
1
$
72,624
Noninvestment-grade
18,890
16,444
9,299
1,989
1,144
1,006
45,696
74
94,542
Total retained loans
$
33,765
$
27,086
$
13,575
$
4,280
$
2,174
$
2,121
$
84,090
$
75
$
167,166
Gross charge-offs
$
25
$
8
$
110
$
55
$
2
$
12
$
259
$
8
$
479
Other(a)
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior to 2020
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
25,069
$
21,517
$
15,270
$
7,455
$
9,325
$
7,838
$
195,968
$
1,565
$
284,007
Noninvestment-grade
10,098
7,120
5,658
4,196
1,742
2,302
44,890
238
76,244
Total retained loans
$
35,167
$
28,637
$
20,928
$
11,651
$
11,067
$
10,140
$
240,858
$
1,803
$
360,251
Gross charge-offs
$
—
$
38
$
2
$
26
$
41
$
50
$
1
$
—
$
158
Other(a)
(in millions)
December 31, 2023
Term loans by origination year
Revolving loans
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior to 2019
Within the revolving period
Converted to term loans
Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade
$
38,338
$
18,034
$
10,033
$
10,099
$
3,721
$
6,662
$
176,728
$
2,194
$
265,809
Noninvestment-grade
14,054
8,092
6,169
2,172
811
2,001
43,801
59
77,159
Total retained loans
$
52,392
$
26,126
$
16,202
$
12,271
$
4,532
$
8,663
$
220,529
$
2,253
$
342,968
Gross charge-offs
$
5
$
298
$
8
$
8
$
—
$
8
$
13
$
—
$
340
(a)Includes loans to SPEs, financial institutions, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.
149
The following table presents additional information on retained loans secured by real estate, which consists of loans secured wholly or substantially by a lien or liens on real property at origination.
(in millions, except ratios)
Multifamily
Other commercial
Total retained loans secured by real estate
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Retained loans secured by real estate
$
101,744
$
100,725
$
61,647
$
61,613
$
163,391
$
162,338
Criticized
4,589
3,596
6,404
4,096
10,993
7,692
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate
4.51
%
3.57
%
10.39
%
6.65
%
6.73
%
4.74
%
Criticized nonaccrual
$
205
$
76
$
769
$
325
$
974
$
401
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate
0.20
%
0.08
%
1.25
%
0.53
%
0.60
%
0.25
%
Geographic distribution and delinquency
The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Total retained loans
(in millions)
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Loans by geographic distribution(a)
Total U.S.
$
160,217
$
159,499
$
125,103
$
127,638
$
274,350
$
262,499
$
559,670
$
549,636
Total non-U.S.
3,174
2,839
39,145
39,528
85,901
80,469
128,220
122,836
Total retained loans
$
163,391
$
162,338
$
164,248
$
167,166
$
360,251
$
342,968
$
687,890
$
672,472
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
161,784
$
161,314
$
161,815
$
164,899
$
357,947
$
341,128
$
681,546
$
667,341
30–89 days past due and still accruing
392
473
635
884
1,382
1,090
2,409
2,447
90 or more days past due and still accruing(b)
241
150
65
162
112
26
418
338
Criticized nonaccrual
974
401
1,733
1,221
810
724
3,517
2,346
Total retained loans
$
163,391
$
162,338
$
164,248
$
167,166
$
360,251
$
342,968
$
687,890
$
672,472
(a)The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.
(b)Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.
Nonaccrual loans
The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.
(in millions)
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Total retained loans
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans
With an allowance
$
128
$
129
$
1,317
$
776
$
477
$
492
$
1,922
$
1,397
Without an allowance(a)
846
272
416
445
333
232
1,595
949
Totalnonaccrual loans(b)
$
974
$
401
$
1,733
$
1,221
$
810
$
724
$
3,517
$
2,346
(a)When the discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
150
Loan modifications
The Firm grants certain modifications of wholesale loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
Financial effects of FDMs
The following tables provide information by loan class about modifications considered FDMs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Secured by real estate
Three months ended September 30, 2024
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension
$
267
0.16
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 14 months
$
271
0.17
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of14 months
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and interest rate reduction
—
—
47
0.03
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 162 bps
Other(a)
4
—
NM
9
0.01
NM
Total
$
271
$
327
(a)Includes loans with a single modification.
Secured by real estate
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension
$
60
0.04
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 14 months
$
112
0.07
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 13 months
Other(a)
—
—
13
—
NM
Total
$
60
$
125
(a)Includes loans with both single and multiple modifications.
Commercial and industrial
Three months ended September 30, 2024
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension
$
443
0.27
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 15 months
$
880
0.54
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 17 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
215
0.13
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor
315
0.19
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension
1
—
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 23 months
127
0.08
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of 22 months
Other(a)
5
—
NM
26
0.02
NM
Total
$
664
$
1,348
(a)Includes loans with both single and multiple modifications.
151
Commercial and industrial
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension
$
372
0.22
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 21 months
$
669
0.40
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 19 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
309
0.19
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor
310
0.19
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension
32
0.02
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 6 months
32
0.02
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 6 months
Other(a)
2
—
NM
17
0.01
NM
Total
$
715
$
1,028
(a)Includes loans with multiple modifications.
Other
Three months ended September 30, 2024
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension
$
260
0.07
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 30 months
$
282
0.08
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 29 months
Other(a)
—
—
6
—
NM
Total
$
260
$
288
(a)Includes loans with both single and multiple modifications.
Other
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Amortized cost basis
% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans
Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension
$
100
0.03
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 27 months
$
100
0.03
%
Extended loans by a weighted-average of 30 months
Multiple modifications
Interest rate reduction and term extension
495
0.14
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 1,708 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 7 months
495
0.14
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 1,708 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 7 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension
—
—
233
0.07
Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of 144 months
Other(a)
—
—
9
—
NM
Total
$
595
$
837
(a)Includes loans with single modification.
152
Payment status of FDMs
The following table provides information on the payment status of FDMs during the twelve months ended September 30, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Amortized cost basis
Twelve months ended September 30, 2024
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(in millions)
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
281
$
1,077
$
367
$
117
$
703
$
248
30-89 days past due and still accruing
1
21
9
—
—
28
90 or more days past due and still accruing
—
4
—
—
10
—
Criticized nonaccrual
64
507
167
8
315
561
Total
$
346
$
1,609
$
543
$
125
$
1,028
$
837
Defaults of FDMs
The following table provides information by loan class about FDMs that defaulted in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 that were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default, and FDMs that defaulted in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 that were reported as FDMs on or after January 1, 2023, the date that the Firm adopted the changes to the TDR accounting guidance.
Amortized cost basis
Three months ended September 30, 2024
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions)
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Term extension
$
1
$
80
$
10
$
1
$
88
$
12
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
—
123
—
—
124
—
Interest rate reduction and term extension
—
—
—
—
1
—
Total
$
1
$
203
$
10
$
1
$
213
$
12
Amortized cost basis
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(in millions)
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Secured by real estate
Commercial and industrial
Other
Term extension
$
—
$
11
$
32
$
1
$
18
$
32
Interest rate reduction and term extension
—
—
—
1
—
—
Total
$
—
$
11
$
32
$
2
$
18
$
32
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, additional unfunded commitments on modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty were $1.2 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, in Commercial and industrial, and $75 million and $4 million, respectively, in Other loan class. There were no additional commitments to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs in Secured by real estate for both periods.
153
Note 12 – Allowance for credit losses
The Firm's allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
Refer to Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the allowance for credit losses and the related accounting policies.
154
Allowance for credit losses and related information
The table below summarizes information about the allowances for credit losses and includes a breakdown of loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology. Refer to Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Note 9 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the allowance for credit losses on investment securities.
2024
2023
Nine months ended September 30, (in millions)
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
1,856
$
12,450
$
8,114
$
22,420
$
2,040
$
11,200
$
6,486
$
19,726
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle(a)
NA
NA
NA
NA
(489)
(100)
2
(587)
Gross charge-offs
971
6,044
659
7,674
809
3,852
435
5,096
Gross recoveries collected
(490)
(762)
(148)
(1,400)
(388)
(579)
(84)
(1,051)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
481
5,282
511
6,274
421
3,273
351
4,045
Provision for loan losses
360
6,932
506
7,798
723
4,073
2,047
6,843
Other
—
—
5
5
1
—
8
9
Ending balance at September 30,
$
1,735
$
14,100
$
8,114
$
23,949
$
1,854
$
11,900
$
8,192
$
21,946
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
75
$
—
$
1,899
$
1,974
$
76
$
—
$
2,306
$
2,382
Provision for lending-related commitments
6
—
162
168
5
—
(313)
(308)
Other
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
1
Ending balance at September 30,
$
81
$
—
$
2,061
$
2,142
$
81
$
—
$
1,994
$
2,075
Total allowance for investment securities
NA
NA
NA
175
NA
NA
NA
117
Total allowance for credit losses(b)
$
1,816
$
14,100
$
10,175
$
26,266
$
1,935
$
11,900
$
10,186
$
24,138
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(c)
$
(756)
$
—
$
499
$
(257)
$
(942)
$
—
$
732
$
(210)
Portfolio-based
2,491
14,100
7,615
24,206
2,796
11,900
7,460
22,156
Total allowance for loan losses
$
1,735
$
14,100
$
8,114
$
23,949
$
1,854
$
11,900
$
8,192
$
21,946
Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(c)
$
2,784
$
—
$
3,510
$
6,294
$
3,321
$
—
$
2,402
$
5,723
Portfolio-based
375,154
219,542
684,380
1,279,076
393,733
196,935
669,550
1,260,218
Total retained loans
$
377,938
$
219,542
$
687,890
$
1,285,370
$
397,054
$
196,935
$
671,952
$
1,265,941
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs
$
1
$
—
$
150
$
151
$
4
$
—
$
127
$
131
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell
2,805
—
1,524
4,329
3,384
—
1,074
4,458
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
$
—
$
—
$
93
$
93
$
—
$
—
$
61
$
61
Portfolio-based
81
—
1,968
2,049
81
—
1,933
2,014
Total allowance for lending-related commitments(d)
$
81
$
—
$
2,061
$
2,142
$
81
$
—
$
1,994
$
2,075
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific
$
—
$
—
$
619
$
619
$
—
$
—
$
387
$
387
Portfolio-based(e)
26,764
—
514,313
541,077
30,245
—
514,937
545,182
Total lending-related commitments
$
26,764
$
—
$
514,932
$
541,696
$
30,245
$
—
$
515,324
$
545,569
(a)Represents the impact to the allowance for loan losses upon the adoption of the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings accounting guidance. Refer to Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for further information.
(b)At September 30, 2024 and 2023, in addition to the allowance for credit losses in the table above, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $277 million and $17 million, respectively, associated with certain accounts receivable in CIB.
(c)Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans.
(d)The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(e)At September 30, 2024 and 2023, lending-related commitments excluded $18.6 billion and $18.1 billion, respectively, for the consumer, excluding credit card portfolio segment; $989.6 billion and $898.9 billion, respectively, for the credit card portfolio segment; and $26.6 billion and $16.2 billion, respectively, for the wholesale portfolio segment, which were not subject to the allowance for lending-related commitments.
155
Discussion of changes in the allowance
The allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2024 was $26.5 billion, reflecting a net addition of $1.8 billion from December 31, 2023.
The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included:
•$1.5 billion in consumer, reflecting:
–a $1.7 billion net addition in Card Services, due to loan growth, reflecting higher revolving balances, including the seasoning of newer vintages, and changes in certain macroeconomic variables,
partially offset by
–a $125 million net reduction in Home Lending in the first quarter of 2024, and
•$196 million in wholesale, reflecting:
–net downgrade activity, primarily in Real Estate, and the impact of incorporating the First Republic portfolio into the Firm’s modeled credit loss estimates in the second quarter of 2024,
partially offset by
–changes in certain macroeconomic variables and the impact of changes in the loan and lending-related commitment portfolios.
The Firm has maintained the additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios in the first quarter of 2023 to reflect ongoing uncertainties and downside risks related to the geopolitical and macroeconomic environment.
The Firm's allowance for credit losses is estimated using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios. The adverse scenarios incorporate more punitive macroeconomic factors than the central case assumptions provided in the table below, resulting in a weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking at 5.6% in the third quarter of 2025, and a weighted average U.S. real GDP level that is 1.9% lower than the central case at the end of the fourth quarter of 2025.
The following table presents the Firm’s central case assumptions for the periods presented:
Central case assumptions at September 30, 2024
4Q24
2Q25
4Q25
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
4.5
%
4.6
%
4.4
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
1.6
%
1.6
%
1.9
%
Central case assumptions at December 31, 2023
2Q24
4Q24
2Q25
U.S. unemployment rate(a)
4.1
%
4.4
%
4.1
%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)
1.8
%
0.7
%
1.0
%
(a)Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.
(b)The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.
Subsequent changes to this forecast and related estimates will be reflected in the provision for credit losses in future periods.
Refer to Note 13 and Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a description of the policies, methodologies and judgments used to determine the Firm’s allowance for credit losses on loans, lending-related commitments, and investment securities.
Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the consumer and wholesale credit portfolios.
Refer to Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 84-86 for further information on the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments.
156
Note 13 – Variable interest entities
Refer to Note 1 and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further description of the Firm's accounting policies regarding consolidation of and involvement with VIEs.
The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment. The Firm considers a “Firm-sponsored” VIE to include any entity where: (1) JPMorgan Chase is the primary beneficiary of the structure; (2) the VIE is used by JPMorgan Chase to securitize Firm assets; (3) the VIE issues financial instruments with the JPMorgan Chase name; or (4) the entity is a JPMorgan Chase–administered asset-backed commercial paper conduit.
Line of Business
Transaction Type
Activity
Form 10-Q page references
CCB
Credit card securitization trusts
Securitization of originated credit card receivables
157
Mortgage securitization trusts
Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages
157–159
CIB
Mortgage and other securitization trusts
Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and other consumer loans
157–159
Multi-seller conduits
Assisting clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structuring transactions to meet investor needs
159
Municipal bond vehicles
Financing of municipal bond investments
159
In addition, CIB also invests in and provides financing, lending-related services and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties. Refer to pages 160–161 of this Note for more information on the VIEs sponsored by third parties.
Significant Firm-sponsored VIEs
Credit card securitizations
As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm is considered to be the primary beneficiary of its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trust, the Chase Issuance Trust.
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts
The Firm securitizes (or has securitized) originated and purchased residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans primarily in its CCB and CIB businesses. Depending on the particular transaction, as well as the respective business involved, the Firm may act as the servicer of the loans and/or retain certain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts.
157
The following tables present the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules), recourse or guarantee arrangements,
and derivative contracts. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. The Firm’s maximum loss exposure from retained and purchased interests is the carrying value of these interests. Refer to page 163 of this Note for information on the securitization-related loan delinquencies and liquidation losses.
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
Trading assets
Investment securities
Other financial assets
Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
68,246
$
627
$
48,312
$
576
$
1,827
$
617
$
3,020
Subprime
8,583
—
1,438
26
21
—
47
Commercial and other(b)
180,589
—
120,205
664
5,820
1,593
8,077
Total
$
257,418
$
627
$
169,955
$
1,266
$
7,668
$
2,210
$
11,144
Principal amount outstanding
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
Trading assets
Investment securities
Other financial assets
Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
58,570
$
675
$
39,319
$
595
$
1,981
$
60
$
2,636
Subprime
8,881
—
1,312
3
—
—
3
Commercial and other(b)
168,042
—
120,262
831
5,638
1,354
7,823
Total
$
235,493
$
675
$
160,893
$
1,429
$
7,619
$
1,414
$
10,462
(a)Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored.
(b)Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables.
(c)Excludes the following: retained servicing; securities retained from loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities; senior securities of $113 million and $52 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and subordinated securities of $69 million and $38 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.
(d)Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.
(e)As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, 72% and 77%, respectively, of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are predominantly carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $2.8 billion and $2.5 billion of investment-grade retained interests at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and $172 million and $88 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts consisted of $6.1 billion of investment-grade retained interests at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion of noninvestment-grade retained interests at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
158
Residential mortgage
The Firm securitizes residential mortgage loans originated by CCB, as well as residential mortgage loans purchased from third parties by either CCB or CIB.
Commercial mortgages and other consumer securitizations
CIB originates and securitizes commercial mortgage loans, and engages in underwriting and trading activities involving the securities issued by securitization trusts.
Re-securitizations
The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
$
12,353
$
4,521
$
33,531
$
14,188
The Firm did not transfer any private label securities to re-securitization VIEs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and retained interests in any such Firm-sponsored VIEs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were not material.
The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.
Nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Interest in VIEs
$
5,361
$
3,371
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm did not consolidate any U.S. GSE and government agency re-securitization VIEs or any Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitization VIEs.
Multi-seller conduits
In the normal course of business, JPMorgan Chase makes markets in and invests in commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The Firm held $2.6 billion and $9.8 billion of the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm’s investments reflect the Firm’s funding needs and capacity and were not driven by market illiquidity. Other than the amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, the Firm is not obligated under any agreement to purchase the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits.
Deal-specific liquidity facilities, program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement provided by the Firm have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm or the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits provide lending-related commitments to certain clients of the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The unfunded commitments were $12.6 billion and $10.8 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are reported as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments in other unfunded commitments to extend credit. Refer to Note 22 for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
Municipal bond vehicles
Municipal bond vehicles or tender option bond (“TOB”) trusts allow institutions to finance their municipal bond investments at short-term rates. TOB transactions are known as customer TOB trusts and non-customer TOB trusts. Customer TOB trusts are sponsored by a third party.
The Firm serves as sponsor for all non-customer TOB transactions.
159
Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Assets
Liabilities
September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans
Other(c)
Total
assets(d)
Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$
—
$
12,868
$
165
$
13,033
$
5,361
$
10
$
5,371
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
3
19,683
144
19,830
17,173
30
17,203
Municipal bond vehicles
2,935
—
24
2,959
3,012
16
3,028
Mortgage securitization entities(a)
—
646
6
652
117
50
167
Other
505
1,831
(b)
308
2,644
31
315
346
Total
$
3,443
$
35,028
$
647
$
39,118
$
25,694
$
421
$
26,115
Assets
Liabilities
December 31, 2023 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans
Other(c)
Total
assets(d)
Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$
—
$
9,460
$
117
$
9,577
$
2,998
$
6
$
3,004
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
1
27,372
194
27,567
17,781
30
17,811
Municipal bond vehicles
2,056
—
22
2,078
2,116
11
2,127
Mortgage securitization entities(a)
—
693
8
701
125
57
182
Other
113
86
250
449
—
159
159
Total
$
2,170
$
37,611
$
591
$
40,372
$
23,020
$
263
$
23,283
(a)Includes residential mortgage securitizations.
(b)Primarily includes consumer loans in CIB.
(c)Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The assets and liabilities include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.
(e)The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified on the Consolidated balance sheets as “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs”. The holders of these beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $5.5 billion and $3.1 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(f)Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
VIEs sponsored by third parties
The Firm enters into transactions with VIEs structured by other parties. These include, for example, acting as a derivative counterparty, liquidity provider, investor, underwriter, placement agent, remarketing agent, trustee or custodian. These transactions are conducted at arm’s-length, and individual credit decisions are based on the analysis of the specific VIE, taking into consideration the quality of the underlying assets. Where the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, or a variable interest that could potentially be significant, the Firm generally does not consolidate the VIE, but it records and reports these positions on its Consolidated balance sheets in the same manner it would record and report positions in respect of any other third-party transaction.
Tax credit vehicles
The Firm holds investments in unconsolidated tax credit vehicles, which are limited partnerships and similar entities that own and operate affordable housing, alternative energy, and other projects. These entities are primarily considered VIEs. A third party is typically the general partner or managing member and has control over the significant activities of the tax credit vehicles, and
accordingly the Firm does not consolidate tax credit vehicles. The Firm generally invests in these partnerships as a limited partner and earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits allocated to the projects. The maximum loss exposure, represented by equity investments and funding commitments, was $34.9 billion and $35.1 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, of which $15.0 billion and $14.7 billion was unfunded at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Firm assesses each project and to reduce the risk of loss, may withhold varying amounts of its capital investment until the project qualifies for tax credits. Refer to Note 25 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on affordable housing tax credits and Note 22 of this Form 10-Q for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
Effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method guidance which expanded the types of tax-oriented investments, beyond affordable housing tax credit investments, that the Firm can elect on a program by program basis, to be accounted for using the proportional amortization method. Refer to Note 1 for further information.
160
The proportional amortization method requires the cost of eligible investments, within an elected program, be amortized in proportion to the tax benefits received with the resulting amortization reported directly in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Investments must meet certain criteria to be eligible, including that substantially all of the return is from income tax credits and other income tax benefits.
In addition, under this method deferred taxes are generally not recorded as the investment is now amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received. Delayed equity contributions that are unconditional and legally binding or conditional and probable of occurring are recorded in other liabilities with a corresponding increase in the carrying value of the investment. The guidance also requires a reevaluation of eligible investments when significant modifications or events occur that result in a change in the nature of the investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project. During the period, there were no significant modifications or events that resulted in a change in the nature of an eligible investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project.
The following table provides information on tax-oriented investments for which the Firm elected to apply the proportional amortization method.
As of or for the period ended, (in millions)
Alternative energy and affordable housing programs(d)
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Programs for which the Firm elected proportional amortization:
Carrying value(a)
$
31,778
$
13,800
$
31,778
$
13,800
Tax credits and other tax benefits(b)
1,280
532
4,067
1,478
Investments that qualify to be accounted for using proportional amortization:
Amortization losses recognized as a component of income tax expense
(1,006)
(417)
(3,157)
(1,161)
Non-income-tax-related gains and other returns received that are recognized outside of income tax expense(c)
28
—
96
(1)
(a)Recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets. Excludes programs to which the Firm does not apply the proportional amortization method, such as historic tax credit and new market tax credit programs.
(b)Reflected in Income tax expense on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.
(c)Recorded in Other income on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.
(d)As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of eligible affordable housing investments was $14.6 billion. Refer to Note 25 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on affordable housing tax credits.
Customer municipal bond vehicles (TOB trusts)
The Firm may provide various services to customer TOB trusts, including remarketing agent, liquidity or tender option provider. In certain customer TOB transactions, the Firm, as liquidity provider, has entered into a reimbursement agreement with the Residual holder.
In those transactions, upon the termination of the vehicle, the Firm has recourse to the third-party Residual holders for any shortfall. The Firm does not have any intent to protect Residual holders from potential losses on any of the underlying municipal bonds. The Firm does not consolidate customer TOB trusts, since the Firm does not have the power to make decisions that significantly impact the economic performance of the municipal bond vehicle.
The Firm’s maximum exposure as a liquidity provider to customer TOB trusts at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $5.4 billion and $5.1 billion, respectively. The fair value of assets held by such VIEs at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $7.8 billion and $7.3 billion, respectively.
161
Loan securitizations
The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgages, credit card receivables, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans.
Securitization activity
The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved at the time of the securitization.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(in millions)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Principal securitized
$
5,032
$
4,816
$
2,721
$
2,737
$
14,426
$
12,059
$
6,010
$
3,113
All cash flows during the period:(a)
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments(b)(c)
$
5,035
$
4,646
$
2,585
$
2,726
$
14,176
$
11,754
$
5,738
$
3,106
Servicing fees collected
15
12
6
2
27
23
18
3
Cash flows received on interests
100
209
89
126
262
504
249
304
(a)Excludes re-securitization transactions.
(b)Primarily includes Level 2 assets.
(c)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
(d)Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.
(e)Includes commercial mortgage and auto loans.
Loans and excess MSRs sold to U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines
In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U.S. GSEs. These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U.S. GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e.g., credit enhancement of the loans). The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U.S. government agency. The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary. For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans with the purchaser. Refer to Note 22 of this Form 10-Q for additional information about the Firm’s loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications and Note 14 for additional information about the impact of the Firm’s sale of certain excess MSRs.
The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Carrying value of loans sold
$
7,132
$
5,582
$
18,298
$
14,603
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash
385
119
751
159
Proceeds from loan sales as securities(a)(b)
6,695
5,397
17,386
14,279
Total proceeds received from loan sales(c)
$
7,080
$
5,516
$
18,137
$
14,438
Gains/(losses) on loan sales(d)(e)
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
(a)Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.
(b)Included in level 2 assets.
(c)Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.
(d)Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.
(e)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.
162
Options to repurchase delinquent loans
In addition to the Firm’s obligation to repurchase certain loans due to material breaches of representations and warranties as discussed in Note 22, the Firm also has the option to repurchase delinquent loans that it services for Ginnie Mae loan pools, as well as for other U.S. government agencies under certain arrangements. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae loan pools as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the Consolidated balance sheets as a loan with a corresponding liability. Refer to Note 11 for additional information.
The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(a)Primarily all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.
(b)Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.
Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses
The table below includes information about components of and delinquencies related to nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. For loans sold or securitized where servicing is the Firm’s only form of continuing involvement, the Firm generally experiences a loss only if the Firm was required to repurchase a delinquent loan or foreclosed asset due to a breach in representations and warranties associated with its loan sale or servicing contracts.
Net liquidation losses/(recoveries)
Securitized assets
90 days past due
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
Securitized loans
Residential mortgage:
Prime / Alt-A & option ARMs
$
48,312
$
39,319
$
491
$
440
$
2
$
2
$
9
$
12
Subprime
1,438
1,312
105
131
1
1
2
5
Commercial and other
120,205
120,262
1,337
2,874
14
40
33
59
Total loans securitized
$
169,955
$
160,893
$
1,933
$
3,445
$
17
$
43
$
44
$
76
163
Note14 – Goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and other intangible assets
Refer to Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the accounting policies related to goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and other intangible assets.
Goodwill
Goodwill is recorded upon completion of a business combination as the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the net assets acquired, and can be adjusted up to one year from the acquisition date as additional information pertaining to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date is obtained about the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The following table presents goodwill attributed to the reportable business segments and Corporate.
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Consumer & Community Banking
$
32,116
$
32,116
Commercial & Investment Bank
11,259
11,251
Asset & Wealth Management
8,596
8,582
Corporate
740
685
Total goodwill
$
52,711
$
52,634
The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Balance at beginning of period
$
52,620
$
52,380
$
52,634
$
51,662
Changes during the period from:
Business combinations(a)
—
166
29
853
Other(b)
91
(54)
48
(23)
Balance at September 30,
$
52,711
$
52,492
$
52,711
$
52,492
(a)For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, includes estimated goodwill associated with the acquisition of LayerOne Financial in CIB in the first quarter. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, represents an adjustment to goodwill related to the acquisition of CIFM in AWM. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, represents estimated goodwill associated with the acquisition of Aumni Inc. in the second quarter, predominantly in CIB, and the acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in CIFM in AWM in the first quarter.
(b)Primarily foreign currency adjustments.
Goodwill impairment testing
Goodwill is tested for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be an impairment. Refer to Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of the Firm’s goodwill impairment testing.
Unanticipated declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.
As of September 30, 2024, the Firm reviewed current economic conditions, estimated market cost of equity, as well as actual business results and projections of business performance. Based on such reviews, the Firm has concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of September 30, 2024, or December 31, 2023, nor was goodwill written off due to impairment during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.
164
Mortgage servicing rights
MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained. Refer to Notes 2 and 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further description of the MSR asset, interest rate risk management, and the valuation of MSRs.
The following table summarizes MSR activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
As of or for the three months ended September 30,
As of or for the nine months ended September 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Fair value at beginning of period
$
8,847
$
8,229
$
8,522
$
7,973
MSR activity:
Originations of MSRs
75
81
228
191
Purchase of MSRs(a)
282
569
607
1,036
Disposition of MSRs
2
(101)
(e)
(25)
(e)
(191)
(e)
Net additions/(dispositions)
359
549
810
1,036
Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
(272)
(265)
(795)
(760)
Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
Changes due to market interest rates and other(b)
(251)
555
134
816
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)
95
(26)
102
(24)
Discount rates
14
14
14
14
Prepayment model changes and other(c)
(39)
53
(34)
54
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions
70
41
82
44
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions
(181)
596
216
860
Fair value at September 30,
$
8,753
$
9,109
$
8,753
$
9,109
Changes in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at September 30,
$
(181)
$
596
$
216
$
860
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income
396
409
1,190
1,185
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at September 30, (in billions)
658
639
658
639
Servicer advances, net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts, at September 30(d)
501
557
501
557
(a)Includes purchase price adjustments associated with MSRs purchased in the prior quarter, primarily as a result of loans that prepaid within 90 days of settlement, allowing the Firm to recover the purchase price.
(b)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(c)Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.
(d)Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these servicer advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is typically senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment to investors if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance. However, certain of these servicer advances may not be recoverable if they were not made in accordance with applicable rules and agreements.
(e)Includes excess MSRs transferred to agency-sponsored trusts in exchange for stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). In each transaction, a portion of the SMBS was acquired by third parties at the transaction date; the Firm acquired the remaining balance of those SMBS as trading securities.
165
The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
CCB mortgage fees and related income
Production revenue
$
154
$
162
$
441
$
339
Net mortgage servicing revenue:
Operating revenue:
Loan servicing revenue
409
409
1,226
1,211
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
(273)
(265)
(795)
(760)
Total operating revenue
136
144
431
451
Risk management:
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other(a)
(251)
555
134
816
Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model(b)
70
41
82
44
Changes in derivative fair value and other
281
(485)
(78)
(736)
Total risk management
100
111
138
124
Total net mortgage servicing revenue
236
255
569
575
Total CCB mortgage fees and related income
390
417
1,010
914
All other
12
(3)
15
(1)
Mortgage fees and related income
$
402
$
414
$
1,025
$
913
(a)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(b)Represents the aggregate impact of changes in model inputs and assumptions such as projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service), discount rates and changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates (e.g., changes in prepayments due to changes in home prices).
Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value are often highly interrelated and may not be linear. In the following table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which would either magnify or counteract the impact of the initial change.
The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and outlines the sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.
Impact on fair value of a 100 basis point adverse change
$
(376)
$
(369)
Impact on fair value of a 200 basis point adverse change
(721)
(709)
(a)Includes the impact of operational risk and regulatory capital.
166
Other intangible assets
The Firm’s finite-lived and indefinite-lived other intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair value primarily upon completion of a business combination. Finite-lived intangible assets, including core deposit intangibles, customer relationship intangibles, and certain other intangible assets, are amortized over their useful lives, estimated based on the expected future economic benefits. The Firm’s intangible assets with indefinite lives, such as asset management contracts, are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, other intangible assets consisted of finite-lived intangible assets of $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, as well as indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are not subject to amortization, of $1.2 billion at both periods.
167
Note 15 – Deposits
Refer to Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on deposits.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows:
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $47,974and $75,393 at fair value)(a)
$
611,334
$
643,748
Interest-bearing (included $747and $573 at fair value)(a)
1,326,489
1,303,100
Total deposits in U.S. offices
1,937,823
1,946,848
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $2,272and $1,737 at fair value)(a)
31,607
23,097
Interest-bearing (included $291 and $681 at fair value)(a)
461,342
430,743
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices
492,949
453,840
Total deposits
$
2,430,772
$
2,400,688
(a)Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, time deposits in denominations that met or exceeded the insured limit were as follows:
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
U.S. offices
$
157,672
$
132,654
Non-U.S. offices(a)
96,915
90,187
Total
$
254,587
$
222,841
(a)Represents all time deposits in non-U.S. offices as these deposits typically exceed the insured limit.
As of September 30, 2024, the remaining maturities of interest-bearing time deposits in each of the 12-month periods ending September 30 were as follows:
September 30, (in millions)
U.S.
Non-U.S.
Total
2025
$
236,165
$
93,643
$
329,808
2026
679
125
804
2027
448
7
455
2028
120
19
139
2029
497
726
1,223
After 5 years
150
123
273
Total
$
238,059
$
94,643
$
332,702
Note 16 – Leases
Refer to Note 18 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion on leases.
Firm as lessee
At September 30, 2024, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries were obligated under a number of noncancellable leases, predominantly operating leases for premises and equipment used primarily for business purposes.
Operating lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term.
The carrying values of the Firm’s operating leases were as follows:
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Right-of-use assets
$
8,430
$
8,431
Lease liabilities
8,841
8,833
The Firm’s net rental expense was $553 million and $538 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and $1.7 billion and $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Firm as lessor
The Firm’s lease financings are predominantly auto operating leases, and are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
The following table presents the Firm’s operating lease income, included within other income, and the related depreciation expense, included within technology, communications and equipment expense, on the Consolidated statements of income.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Operating lease income
$
706
$
695
$
2,067
$
2,166
Depreciation expense
394
468
1,268
1,344
168
Note 17 – Preferred stock
Refer to Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion on preferred stock.
The following is a summary of JPMorgan Chase’s non-cumulative preferred stock outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the quarterly dividend declarations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Shares(a)
Carrying value
(in millions)
Contractual rate in effect at September 30, 2024
Earliest redemption date(b)
Floating annualized rate(c)
Dividend declared
per share
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Issue date
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Fixed-rate:
Series DD
169,625
169,625
$
1,696
$
1,696
9/21/2018
5.750
%
12/1/2023
NA
$
143.75
$
143.75
$431.25
$431.25
Series EE
185,000
185,000
1,850
1,850
1/24/2019
6.000
3/1/2024
NA
150.00
150.00
450.00
450.00
Series GG
90,000
90,000
900
900
11/7/2019
4.750
12/1/2024
NA
118.75
118.75
356.25
356.25
Series JJ
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
3/17/2021
4.550
6/1/2026
NA
113.75
113.75
341.25
341.25
Series LL
185,000
185,000
1,850
1,850
5/20/2021
4.625
6/1/2026
NA
115.63
115.63
346.89
346.89
Series MM
200,000
200,000
2,000
2,000
7/29/2021
4.200
9/1/2026
NA
105.00
105.00
315.00
315.00
Fixed-to-floating rate:
Series Q
—
150,000
—
1,500
4/23/2013
—
5/1/2023
SOFR + 3.25
—
227.02
220.45
574.25
(d)
Series R
—
150,000
—
1,500
7/29/2013
—
8/1/2023
SOFR + 3.30
—
228.30
221.70
528.30
(e)
Series S
—
200,000
—
2,000
1/22/2014
—
2/1/2024
SOFR + 3.78
—
168.75
233.70
506.25
(f)
Series U
—
100,000
—
1,000
3/10/2014
—
4/30/2024
SOFR + 3.33
—
153.13
153.13
459.38
Series X
160,000
160,000
1,600
1,600
9/23/2014
6.100
10/1/2024
SOFR + 3.33
152.50
152.50
457.50
457.50
Series CC
125,750
125,750
1,258
1,258
10/20/2017
SOFR + 2.58
11/1/2022
SOFR + 2.58
206.73
209.90
619.18
594.05
Series FF
—
225,000
—
2,250
7/31/2019
—
8/1/2024
SOFR + 3.38
—
125.00
250.00
375.00
Series HH
300,000
300,000
3,000
3,000
1/23/2020
4.600
2/1/2025
SOFR + 3.125
115.00
115.00
345.00
345.00
Series II
150,000
150,000
1,500
1,500
2/24/2020
4.000
4/1/2025
SOFR + 2.745
100.00
100.00
300.00
300.00
Series KK
200,000
200,000
2,000
2,000
5/12/2021
3.650
6/1/2026
CMT + 2.85
91.25
91.25
273.75
273.75
Series NN
250,000
NA
2,496
NA
3/12/2024
6.875
6/1/2029
CMT + 2.737
171.88
NA
322.75
NA
(g)
Total preferred stock
2,165,375
2,740,375
$
21,650
$
27,404
(a)Represented by depositary shares.
(b)Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock converts to a floating rate at the earliest redemption date.
(c)Effective June 30, 2023, CME Term SOFR became the replacement reference rate for fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock issued by the Firm that formerly referenced U.S. dollar LIBOR. References in the table to “SOFR” mean a floating annualized rate equal to three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spreads noted. The reference to “CMT” means a floating annualized rate equal to the five-year Constant Maturity Treasury (“CMT”) rate plus the spread noted.
(d)The dividend rate for Series Q preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on May 1, 2023; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 5.15% or $257.50 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on August 1, 2023 is three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.25%.
(e)The dividend rate for Series R preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on August 1, 2023; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 6.00% or $300.00 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on August 1, 2023 is three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.30%.
(f)The dividend rate for Series S preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on February 1, 2024; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 6.75% or $337.50 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on February 1, 2024 is three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.78%.
(g)The initial dividend declared is prorated based on the number of days outstanding for the period. Dividends were declared quarterly thereafter at the contractual rate.
Each series of preferred stock has a liquidation value and redemption price per share of $10,000, plus accrued but unpaid dividends. The aggregate liquidation value was $21.8 billion at September 30, 2024.
On March 12, 2024, the Firm issued $2.5 billion of fixed-rate reset non-cumulative preferred stock, Series NN.
Redemptions
On October 1, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $1.6 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series X.
On August 1, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $2.3 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series FF.
On May 1, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $5.0 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series Q, Series R and Series S.
On April 30, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $1.0 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series U.
169
Note 18 – Earnings per share
Refer to Note 23 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”). The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Basic earnings per share
Net income
$
12,898
$
13,151
$
44,466
$
40,245
Less: Preferred stock dividends
286
386
1,000
1,115
Net income applicable to common equity
12,612
12,765
43,466
39,130
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
75
80
267
241
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
12,537
$
12,685
$
43,199
$
38,889
Total weighted-average basic shares
outstanding
2,860.6
2,927.5
2,886.2
2,946.6
Net income per share
$
4.38
$
4.33
$
14.97
$
13.20
Diluted earnings per share
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
12,537
$
12,685
$
43,199
$
38,889
Total weighted-average basic shares
outstanding
2,860.6
2,927.5
2,886.2
2,946.6
Add: Dilutive impact of unvested PSUs, nondividend-earning RSUs and SARs
5.3
4.6
5.0
4.4
Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding
2,865.9
2,932.1
2,891.2
2,951.0
Net income per share
$
4.37
$
4.33
$
14.94
$
13.18
170
Note 19 – Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), fair value changes of excluded components on fair value hedges, cash flow hedging activities, net gain/(loss) related to the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, and fair value option-elected liabilities arising from changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA).
As of or for the three months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at July 1, 2024
$
(3,494)
$
(1,576)
$
(147)
$
(4,843)
$
(1,055)
$
(223)
$
(11,338)
Net change
2,297
389
(20)
2,265
(28)
(349)
4,554
Balance at September 30, 2024
$
(1,197)
(a)
$
(1,187)
$
(167)
$
(2,578)
$
(1,083)
$
(572)
$
(6,784)
As of or for the three months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at July 1, 2023
$
(6,155)
$
(1,278)
$
(43)
$
(5,355)
$
(1,512)
$
53
$
(14,290)
Net change
(1,950)
(340)
(5)
(583)
(21)
85
(2,814)
Balance at September 30, 2023
$
(8,105)
(a)
$
(1,618)
$
(48)
$
(5,938)
$
(1,533)
$
138
$
(17,104)
As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (in millions)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2024
$
(3,743)
$
(1,216)
$
(134)
$
(3,932)
$
(1,078)
$
(340)
$
(10,443)
Net change
2,546
29
(33)
1,354
(5)
(232)
3,659
Balance at September 30, 2024
$
(1,197)
(a)
$
(1,187)
$
(167)
$
(2,578)
$
(1,083)
$
(572)
$
(6,784)
As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in millions)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Fair value hedges
Cash flow hedges
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at January 1, 2023
$
(9,124)
$
(1,545)
$
(33)
$
(5,656)
$
(1,451)
$
468
$
(17,341)
Net change
1,019
(73)
(15)
(282)
(82)
(330)
237
Balance at September 30, 2023
$
(8,105)
(a)
$
(1,618)
$
(48)
$
(5,938)
$
(1,533)
$
138
$
(17,104)
(a)As of September 30, 2024 and 2023 included after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(661) million and $(1.0) billion related to AFS securities that have been transferred to HTM, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 included after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(29) million related to HTM securities that have been transferred to AFS as permitted by the new hedge accounting guidance adopted on January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 9 for further information.
171
The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of OCI.
2024
2023
Three months ended September 30, (in millions)
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
$
3,014
$
(730)
$
2,284
$
(3,234)
$
775
$
(2,459)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(a)
16
(3)
13
669
(160)
509
Net change
3,030
(733)
2,297
(2,565)
615
(1,950)
Translation adjustments(b):
Translation
2,411
(109)
2,302
(1,608)
18
(1,590)
Hedges
(2,523)
610
(1,913)
1,647
(397)
1,250
Net change
(112)
501
389
39
(379)
(340)
Fair value hedges, net change(c)
(27)
7
(20)
(7)
2
(5)
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
2,313
(559)
1,754
(1,209)
290
(919)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(d)
673
(162)
511
443
(107)
336
Net change
2,986
(721)
2,265
(766)
183
(583)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, net change
(36)
8
(28)
(26)
5
(21)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change
(460)
111
(349)
111
(26)
85
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
5,381
$
(827)
$
4,554
$
(3,214)
$
400
$
(2,814)
2024
2023
Nine months ended September 30, (in millions)
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Pre-tax
Tax effect
After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
$
2,428
$
(587)
$
1,841
$
(1,097)
$
264
$
(833)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(a)
929
(224)
705
2,437
(585)
1,852
Net change
3,357
(811)
2,546
1,340
(321)
1,019
Translation adjustments(b):
Translation
117
9
126
(509)
(13)
(522)
Hedges
(129)
32
(97)
596
(147)
449
Net change
(12)
41
29
87
(160)
(73)
Fair value hedges, net change(c)
(43)
10
(33)
(20)
5
(15)
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
(132)
32
(100)
(1,761)
422
(1,339)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(d)
1,917
(463)
1,454
1,391
(334)
1,057
Net change
1,785
(431)
1,354
(370)
88
(282)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, net change
(2)
(3)
(5)
(105)
23
(82)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change
(302)
70
(232)
(436)
106
(330)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
4,783
$
(1,124)
$
3,659
$
496
$
(259)
$
237
(a)The pre-tax amount is reported in Investment securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated statements of income.
(b)Reclassifications of pre-tax realized gains/(losses) on translation adjustments and related hedges are reported in other income/expense in the Consolidated statements of income. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax loss of $(1) million to other income/expense, of which $36 million related to net investment hedges. The net amounts reclassified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and three months ended September 30, 2023 were not material. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax loss of $(4) million to other income/expense predominantly related to the acquisition of CIFM of which $(38) million related to net investment hedges.
(c)Represents changes in fair value of cross-currency swaps attributable to changes in cross-currency basis spreads, which are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recorded in other comprehensive income. The initial cost of cross-currency basis spreads is recognized in earnings as part of the accrual of interest on the cross-currency swaps.
(d)The pre-tax amounts are primarily recorded in noninterest revenue, net interest income and compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of income.
172
Note 20 – Restricted cash and other restricted
assets
Refer to Note 26 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Firm’s restricted cash and other restricted assets.
Certain of the Firm’s cash and other assets are restricted as to withdrawal or usage. These restrictions are imposed by various regulatory authorities based on the particular activities of the Firm’s subsidiaries.
The Firm is also subject to rules and regulations established by other U.S. and non-U.S. regulators. As part of its compliance with the respective regulatory requirements, the Firm’s broker-dealer activities are subject to certain restrictions on cash and other assets.
The following table presents the components of the Firm’s restricted cash:
(in billions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Segregated for the benefit of securities and cleared derivative customers
$
15.4
$
10.3
Cash reserves at non-U.S. central banks and held for other general purposes
9.7
9.3
Total restricted cash(a)
$
25.1
$
19.6
(a)Comprises $23.6 billion and $18.2 billion in deposits with banks, and $1.5 billion and $1.4 billion in cash and due from banks on the Consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Also, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm had the following other restricted assets:
•Cash and securities pledged with clearing organizations for the benefit of customers of $39.8 billion and $40.5 billion, respectively.
•Securities with a fair value of $20.9 billion and $20.5 billion, respectively, were also restricted in relation to customer activity.
173
Note 21 – Regulatory capital
Refer to Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion on regulatory capital.
The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards, for the Firm as a consolidated financial holding company. The OCC establishes similar minimum capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s principal insured depository institution ("IDI") subsidiary, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Under the risk-based capital and leverage-based guidelines of the Federal Reserve, JPMorgan Chase is required to maintain minimum ratios for CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, Total capital, Tier 1 leverage and the SLR. Failure to meet these minimum requirements could cause the Federal Reserve to take action. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is also subject to these capital requirements established by its primary regulators.
The following table presents the risk-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were subject as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Standardized capital ratio requirements
Advanced capital ratio requirements
Well-capitalized ratios
BHC(a)(b)
IDI(c)
BHC(a)(b)
IDI(c)
BHC(d)
IDI(e)
Risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital
11.9
%
7.0
%
11.5
%
7.0
%
NA
6.5
%
Tier 1 capital
13.4
8.5
13.0
8.5
6.0
%
8.0
Total capital
15.4
10.5
15.0
10.5
10.0
10.0
Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.
(a)Represents the regulatory capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements each include a respective minimum requirement plus a GSIB surcharge of 4.5% as calculated under Method 2; plus a 2.9% SCB for Basel III Standardized ratios and a fixed 2.5% capital conservation buffer for Basel III Advanced ratios. The countercyclical buffer is currently set to 0% by the federal banking agencies.
(b)For the period ended December 31, 2023, the CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements under Basel III Standardized applicable to the Firm were 11.4%, 12.9%, and 14.9%, respectively; the Basel III Advanced CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 11.0%, 12.5%, and 14.5%, respectively.
(c)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements include a fixed capital conservation buffer requirement of 2.5% that is applicable to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is not subject to the GSIB surcharge.
(d)Represents requirements for bank holding companies pursuant to regulations issued by the Federal Reserve.
(e)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.
The following table presents the leverage-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were subject as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Capital ratio requirements(a)
Well-capitalized ratios
BHC
IDI
BHC(b)
IDI
Leverage-based capital ratios
Tier 1 leverage
4.0
%
4.0
%
NA
5.0
%
SLR
5.0
6.0
NA
6.0
Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.
(a)Represents minimum SLR requirement of 3.0%, as well as supplementary leverage buffer requirements of 2.0% and 3.0% for BHC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., respectively.
(b)The Federal Reserve's regulations do not establish well-capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.
CECL Regulatory Capital Transition
Beginning January 1, 2022, the $2.9 billion CECL capital benefit, provided by the Federal Reserve in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is being phased out at 25% per year over a three-year period. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Firm's CET1 capital reflected the remaining benefit of $720 million and $1.4 billion, respectively, associated with the CECL capital transition provisions.
Similarly, as of January 1, 2024, the Firm has phased out 75% of the other CECL capital transition provisions which impacted Tier 2 capital, adjusted average assets, total leverage exposure and RWA, as applicable.
Refer to Note 27 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on CECL capital transition provisions.
174
The following tables present risk-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics for JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.
September 30, 2024 (in millions, except ratios)
Basel III Standardized
Basel III Advanced
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital
$
272,964
$
278,980
$
272,964
$
278,980
Tier 1 capital
292,333
278,985
292,333
278,985
Total capital
324,585
299,439
310,764
(b)
285,715
(b)
Risk-weighted assets
1,782,722
1,724,917
1,762,991
(b)
1,602,273
(b)
CET1 capital ratio
15.3
%
16.2
%
15.5
%
17.4
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
16.4
16.2
16.6
17.4
Total capital ratio
18.2
17.4
17.6
17.8
December 31, 2023 (in millions, except ratios)
Basel III Standardized
Basel III Advanced
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital
$
250,585
$
262,030
$
250,585
$
262,030
Tier 1 capital
277,306
262,032
277,306
262,032
Total capital
308,497
281,308
295,417
(b)
268,392
(b)
Risk-weighted assets
1,671,995
1,621,789
1,669,156
(b)
1,526,952
(b)
CET1 capital ratio
15.0
%
16.2
%
15.0
%
17.2
%
Tier 1 capital ratio
16.6
16.2
16.6
17.2
Total capital ratio
18.5
17.3
17.7
17.6
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.
Three months ended (in millions, except ratios)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Leverage-based capital metrics:(a)
Adjusted average assets(b)
$
4,122,332
$
3,471,044
$
3,831,200
$
3,337,842
Tier 1 leverage ratio
7.1
%
8.0
%
7.2
%
7.9
%
Total leverage exposure
$
4,893,662
$
4,239,056
$
4,540,465
$
4,038,739
SLR
6.0
%
6.6
%
6.1
%
6.5
%
(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.
(b)Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, and other intangible assets.
175
Note 22 – Off–balance sheet lending-related
financial instruments, guarantees, and other
commitments
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to address the financing needs of its customers and clients. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the customer or client draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the customer or client subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees have historically been refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expired without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of lending-related commitments and guarantees, and the Firm’s related accounting policies.
To provide for expectedcredit losses in wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. Refer to Note 12 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments.
The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The amounts in the table below for credit card, home equity and certain scored business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these products will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel credit card and certain scored business banking lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. In addition, the Firm typically closes credit card lines when the borrower is 60 days or more past due. The Firm may reduce or close HELOCs when there are significant decreases in the value of the underlying property, or when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower.
176
Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
Contractual amount
Carrying value(h)(i)
September 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
Sep 30, 2024
Dec 31, 2023
By remaining maturity (in millions)
Expires in 1 year or less
Expires after 1 year through 3 years
Expires after 3 years through 5 years
Expires after 5 years
Total
Total
Lending-related
Consumer, excluding credit card:
Residential Real Estate(a)
$
10,843
$
7,347
$
5,046
$
8,204
$
31,440
$
30,125
$
563
(j)
$
678
(j)
Auto and other
10,261
18
—
3,603
13,882
15,278
55
(j)
148
(j)
Total consumer, excluding credit card
21,104
7,365
5,046
11,807
45,322
45,403
618
826
Credit card(b)
989,594
—
—
—
989,594
915,658
—
—
Total consumer(c)
1,010,698
7,365
5,046
11,807
1,034,916
961,061
618
826
Wholesale:
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit(d)
107,885
202,960
172,960
24,492
508,297
503,526
2,695
(j)
2,797
(j)
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees(d)
15,995
9,386
3,367
477
29,225
28,872
484
479
Other letters of credit(d)
3,596
305
36
101
4,038
4,388
38
37
Total wholesale(c)
127,476
212,651
176,363
25,070
541,560
536,786
3,217
3,313
Total lending-related
$
1,138,174
$
220,016
$
181,409
$
36,877
$
1,576,476
$
1,497,847
$
3,835
$
4,139
Other guarantees and commitments
Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees(e)
$
334,224
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
334,224
$
283,664
$
—
$
—
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
1,554
327
10,311
40,957
53,149
54,562
67
89
Unsettled resale and securities borrowed agreements
153,695
267
—
—
153,962
95,106
2
—
Unsettled repurchase and securities loaned agreements
94,694
568
—
—
95,262
60,724
(3)
—
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:
Mortgage repurchase liability
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
45
76
Loans sold with recourse
NA
NA
NA
NA
961
803
21
24
Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments(f)
268,646
—
—
—
268,646
265,887
—
—
Other guarantees and commitments(g)
10,837
742
267
833
12,679
15,074
29
38
(a)Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.
(b)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CIB.
(c)Predominantly all consumer and wholesale lending-related commitments are in the U.S.
(d)As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, reflected the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $94 million and $88 million, respectively, for other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $9.6 billion and $8.2 billion, respectively, for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; $548 million and $589 million, respectively, for other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.
(e)As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $355.7 billion and $300.3 billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral primarily consists of cash, G7 government securities, and securities issued by U.S. GSEs and government agencies.
(f)As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, includes guarantees to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation under the sponsored member repo program and commitments and guarantees associated with the Firm’s membership in certain clearing houses.
(g)As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, primarily includes unfunded commitments to purchase secondary market loans, other equity investment commitments, and unfunded commitments related to certain tax-oriented equity investments, and reflects the impact of adopting updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance effective January 1, 2024.
(h)For lending-related products, the carrying value includes the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability; for derivative-related products, and lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected, the carrying value represents the fair value.
(i)For lending-related commitments, the carrying value also includes fees and any purchase discounts or premiums that are deferred and recognized in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Deferred amounts for revolving commitments and commitments not expected to fund, are amortized to lending- and deposit-related fees on a straight line basis over the commitment period. For all other commitments the deferred amounts remain deferred until the commitment funds or is sold.
(j)As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, includes fair value adjustments associated with First Republic for residential real estate lending-related commitments totaling $505 million and $630 million, respectively, for auto and other lending-related commitments totaling $55 million and $148 million, respectively, and for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $769 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. Refer to Note 26 for additional information.
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Other unfunded commitments to extend credit
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally consist of commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors, as well as committed liquidity facilities to clearing organizations. The Firm also issues commitments under multipurpose facilities which could be drawn upon in several forms, including the issuance of a standby letter of credit.
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a client or customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade financings and similar transactions.
The following table summarizes the contractual amount and carrying value of standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit arrangements as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(in millions)
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Other letters of credit
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Other letters of credit
Investment-grade(a)
$
20,602
$
3,128
$
19,694
$
3,552
Noninvestment-grade(a)
8,623
910
9,178
836
Total contractual amount
$
29,225
$
4,038
$
28,872
$
4,388
Allowance for lending-related commitments
$
102
$
38
$
110
$
37
Guarantee liability
382
—
369
—
Total carrying value
$
484
$
38
$
479
$
37
Commitments with collateral
$
16,305
$
384
$
16,861
$
539
(a)The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings. Refer to Note 11 for further information on internal risk ratings.
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
The Firm transacts in certain derivative contracts that have the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. Refer to Note 28 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on these derivatives.
The following table summarizes the derivatives qualifying as guarantees as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(in millions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Notional amounts
Derivative guarantees
$
53,149
$
54,562
Stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure
32,548
32,488
Maximum exposure of stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure
1,660
1,652
Fair value
Derivative payables
67
89
In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. Refer to Note 4 for a further discussion of credit derivatives.
Loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications
In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with U.S. GSEs the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements, and that may require the Firm to repurchase mortgage loans and/or indemnify the loan purchaser if such representations and warranties are breached by the Firm.
The liability related to repurchase demands associated with private label securitizations is separately evaluated by the Firm in establishing its litigation reserves. Refer to Note 24 of this Form 10-Q and Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information regarding litigation.
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Merchant charge-backs
Under the rules of payment networks, in its role as a merchant acquirer, the Firm's Merchant Services business in CIB Payments, retains a contingent liability for disputed processed credit and debit card transactions that result in a charge-back to the merchant. If a dispute is resolved in the cardholder’s favor, the Firm will (through the cardholder’s issuing bank) credit or refund the amount to the cardholder and will charge back the transaction to the merchant. If the Firm is unable to collect the amount from the merchant, the Firm will bear the loss for the amount credited or refunded to the cardholder. The Firm mitigates this risk by withholding future settlements, retaining cash reserve accounts or obtaining other collateral. In addition, the Firm recognizes a valuation allowance that covers the payment or performance risk related to charge-backs.
Sponsored member repo program
The Firm acts as a sponsoring member to clear eligible overnight and term resale and repurchase agreements through the Government Securities Division of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”) on behalf of clients that become sponsored members under the FICC’s rules. The Firm also guarantees to the FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of its sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC’s rules. The Firm minimizes its liability under these guarantees by obtaining a security interest in the cash or high-quality securities collateral that the clients place with the clearing house; therefore, the Firm expects the risk of loss to be remote. The Firm’s maximum possible exposure, without taking into consideration the associated collateral, is included in the Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments line on page 177. Refer to Note 11 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on credit risk mitigation practices on resale agreements and the types of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements.
Guarantees of subsidiaries
The Parent Company has guaranteed certain long-term debt and structured notes of its subsidiaries, including JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (“JPMFC”), a 100%-owned finance subsidiary. All securities issued by JPMFC are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company and no other subsidiary of the Parent Company guarantees these securities. These guarantees, which rank pari passu with the Firm’s unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, are not included in the table on page 177 of this Note. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
Note 23 – Pledged assets and collateral
Refer to Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s pledged assets and collateral.
Pledged assets
The Firm pledges financial assets that it owns to maintain potential borrowing capacity at discount windows with Federal Reserve banks, various other central banks and FHLBs. Additionally, the Firm pledges assets for other purposes, including to collateralize repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties and are parenthetically identified on the Consolidated balance sheets as assets pledged.
The following table presents the Firm’s pledged assets.
(in billions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets that may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties
$
181.5
$
145.0
Assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties
307.9
244.2
Assets pledged at Federal Reserve banks and FHLBs
692.5
675.6
Total pledged assets
$
1,181.9
$
1,064.8
Total pledged assets do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. Refer to Note 13 for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. Refer to Note 10 for additional information on the Firm’s securities financing activities. Refer to Note 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt.
Collateral
The Firm accepts financial assets as collateral that it is permitted to sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use. This collateral is generally obtained under resale and other securities financing agreements, prime brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables and derivative contracts. Collateral is generally used under repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits.
The following table presents the fair value of collateral accepted.
(in billions)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Collateral permitted to be sold or repledged, delivered, or otherwise used
$
1,664.3
$
1,303.9
Collateral sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used
1,274.2
982.8
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Note 24 – Litigation
Contingencies
As of September 30, 2024, the Firm and its subsidiaries and affiliates are defendants or respondents in numerous evolving legal proceedings, including private proceedings, public proceedings, government investigations, regulatory enforcement matters, and the matters described below. The litigations range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations and regulatory enforcement matters involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business and several geographies and a wide variety of claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories.
The Firm believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $1.7 billion at September 30, 2024. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses was based upon information available as of that date for those proceedings in which the Firm believes that an estimate of reasonably possible loss can be made. For certain matters, the Firm does not believe that such an estimate can be made, as of that date. The Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses involves significant judgment, given:
•the number, variety and varying stages of the proceedings, including the fact that many are in preliminary stages,
•the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants, including the Firm, whose share of liability (if any) has yet to be determined,
•the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings, including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims, and
•the uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, including where the Firm has made assumptions concerning future rulings by the court or other adjudicator, or about the behavior or incentives of adverse parties or regulatory authorities, and those assumptions prove to be incorrect.
In addition, the outcome of a particular proceeding may be a result which the Firm did not take into account in its estimate because the Firm had deemed the likelihood of that outcome to be remote. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly.
Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings.
1MDB Litigation. J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA was named as a defendant in a civil litigation filed in May 2021 in Malaysia by 1Malaysia Development Berhad (“1MDB”), a Malaysian state-owned and controlled investment fund. The claim alleges “dishonest assistance” against J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA in relation to payments of $300 million and $500 million, from 2009 and 2010, respectively, received from 1MDB and paid into an account at J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA held by 1MDB PetroSaudi Limited, a joint venture company between 1MDB and PetroSaudi Holdings (Cayman) Limited. In March 2024, the Court upheld the Firm's challenge to the validity of service and the Malaysian Court’s jurisdiction to hear the claim. That decision has been appealed by 1MDB. In August 2023, the Court denied an application by 1MDB to discontinue its claim with permission to re-file a new claim in the future. That decision was appealed by both 1MDB and the Firm, and an appeals court is scheduled to hear both appeals in December 2024. In its appeal, the Firm seeks to prevent any claim from continuing.
In addition, in November 2023, the Federal Office of the Attorney General (OAG) in Switzerland notified J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA that it is conducting an investigation into possible criminal liability in connection with transactions arising from J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA’s relationship with the 1MDB PetroSaudi joint venture and its related persons for the period September 2009 through August 2015. The OAG investigation is ongoing.
Amrapali. India’s Enforcement Directorate (“ED”) is investigating J.P. Morgan India Private Limited in connection with investments made in 2010 and 2012 by two offshore funds formerly managed by JPMorgan Chase entities into residential housing projects developed by the Amrapali Group (“Amrapali”) relating to delays in delivering or failure to deliver residential units. In August 2021, the ED issued an order fining J.P. Morgan India Private Limited approximately $31.5 million, and the Firm is appealing that order. Relatedly, in July 2019, the Supreme Court of India issued an order making preliminary findings that Amrapali and other parties, including unspecified JPMorgan Chase entities and the offshore funds that had invested in the projects, violated certain criminal currency control and money laundering provisions, and ordered the ED to conduct a further inquiry. The Firm is responding to and cooperating with the inquiry.
Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation. The Firm previously reported settlements with certain government authorities relating to its foreign exchange (“FX”) sales and trading activities and controls related to those activities. Among those resolutions, in May 2015, the Firm pleaded guilty to a single violation of federal antitrust law. The Department of Labor ("DOL") granted the Firm exemptions
180
that permit the Firm and its affiliates to continue to rely on the Qualified Professional Asset Manager exemption under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) through the ten-year disqualification period following the antitrust plea. The only remaining FX-related governmental inquiry is a South Africa Competition Commission matter which is currently pending before the South Africa Competition Tribunal.
With respect to civil litigation matters, some FX-related individual and putative class actions filed outside the U.S., including in the U.K., Israel, the Netherlands, Brazil and Australia remain. In July 2023, the U.K. Court of Appeal overturned the Competition Appeal Tribunal's earlier denial of a request for class certification on an opt-out basis. In Israel, a settlement in principle has been reached on the putative class action, which remains subject to court approval.
Government Inquiries Related to the Zelle Network. The Firm is responding to inquiries from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) regarding the transfers of funds through the Zelle Network. In connection with this, the CFPB Staff has informed the Firm that it is authorized to pursue a resolution of the inquiries or file an enforcement action. The Firm is evaluating next steps, including litigation.
Interchange Litigation. Groups of merchants and retail associations filed a series of class action complaints alleging that Visa and Mastercard, as well as certain banks, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees and enacted related rules in violation of antitrust laws.
In September 2018, the parties settled the class action seeking monetary relief, with the defendants collectively contributing approximately $6.2 billion. The settlement has been approved by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York and affirmed on appeal. Based on the percentage of merchants that opted out of the settlement, $700 million has been returned to the defendants from the settlement escrow. A separate class action seeking injunctive relief continues, and in September 2021, the District Court granted plaintiffs’ motion for class certification in part, and denied the motion in part. In June 2024, the District Court denied preliminary approval of a settlement of the injunctive class action in which Visa and Mastercard agreed to certain changes to their respective network rules and system-wide reductions in interchange rates for U.S.-based merchants. The parties are considering next steps.
Of the merchants who opted out of the damages class settlement, certain merchants filed individual actions raising similar allegations against Visa and Mastercard, as well as against the Firm and other banks. While some of those actions remain pending, the defendants have reached settlements with the merchants who opted out representing over 70% of the combined Mastercard-branded and Visa-branded payment card sales volume.
LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rate Investigations and Litigation. JPMorgan Chase has responded to inquiries from various governmental agencies and entities around the world relating primarily to the British Bankers Association’s (“BBA”) London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for various currencies and the European Banking Federation’s Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”). The Swiss Competition Commission’s investigation relating to EURIBOR, to which the Firm and one other bank remain subject, continues. The Firm appealed a December 2016 decision by the European Commission against the Firm and other banks finding an infringement of European antitrust rules relating to EURIBOR. In December 2023, the European General Court annulled the fine imposed by the European Commission, but exercised its discretion to re-impose a fine in an identical amount. In March 2024, the Firm filed an appeal of this decision with the Court of Justice of the European Union.
In addition, the Firm has been named as a defendant along with other banks in various individual and putative class actions related to benchmark rates, including U.S. dollar LIBOR. In actions related to U.S. dollar LIBOR during the period that it was administered by the BBA, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted class certification of antitrust claims related to bonds and interest rate swaps sold directly by the defendants, including the Firm. The Firm has obtained dismissal of certain actions and resolved certain other actions, and as to all remaining actions has moved for summary judgment.In addition, a lawsuit filed by a group of individual plaintiffs asserting antitrust claims, alleging that the Firm and other defendants were engaged in an unlawful agreement to set U.S. dollar LIBOR and conspired to monopolize the market for LIBOR-based consumer loans and credit cards was dismissed in October 2023. Plaintiffs' appeal of the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit filed in November 2023 remains pending. The Firm has resolved all non-U.S. dollar LIBOR actions.
Russian Litigation.The Firm is obligated to comply with international sanctions laws, which mandate the blocking of certain assets. These laws apply when assets associated with individuals, companies, products or services are within the scope of the sanctions. The Firm has faced actual and threatened litigation in Russia seeking payments that the Firm cannot make under, and is contractually excused from paying as a result of, relevant sanctions laws. In claims involving the Firm and claims filed against other financial institutions, Russian courts have disregarded the parties’ contractual agreements concerning forum selection and did not recognize foreign sanctions laws as a basis for not making payment. Russian courts have entered judgment against the Firm in five claims, including one for $439 million. The total amount of the judgments exceeds the total amount of available assets that the Firm holds in Russia. One judgment in the amount of $14 million was executed in July 2024 against assets held onshore by the Firm in Russia. The Firm continues to appeal the Russian
181
courts' decisions, and judgments may not be executed while on appeal. Russian courts have also ordered interim freezes of Firm assets in Russia (including, among other things, funds in bank accounts, securities, shares in authorized capital, and certain trademarks, of the named defendants) pending a determination of certain underlying claims against the Firm. The Firm has challenged the freeze orders in the Russian courts and, in one claim, also in a New York federal court action, in response to which a Russian court then issued an order instructing the Firm to discontinue that New York action. If further claims are enforced despite the actions taken by the Firm to challenge the claims and orders and to seek the proper application of law, the Firm’s assets in Russia could be seized in full, and certain client assets could also be seized, or the Firm could be prevented from complying with its obligations.
SEC Inquiries. The Firm is responding to requests from the SEC regarding aspects of certain advisory programs within J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, including aggregation of accounts for billing, discounting advisory fees, and selecting portfolio managers. Separately, the Firm is responding to requests from the SEC in connection with the timing of the Firm’s liquidation of shares distributed in-kind to certain investment vehicles that invest in third-party managed private funds. The Firm continues to cooperate and is currently engaged in advanced resolution discussions with the SEC with respect to most matters. There is no assurance that such discussions will result in resolutions.
Securities Lending Antitrust Litigation. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, J.P. Morgan Prime, Inc., and J.P. Morgan Strategic Securities Lending Corp. are named as defendants in a putative class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint asserts violations of federal antitrust law and New York State common law in connection with an alleged conspiracy to prevent the emergence of anonymous exchange trading for securities lending transactions. The court has granted final approval of the settlement in this action.
Shareholder Litigation. Several shareholder putative class actions, as well as shareholder derivative actions purporting to act on behalf of the Firm, have been filed against the Firm, its Board of Directors and certain of its current and former officers.
Certain of these shareholder suits relate to historical trading practices by former employees in the precious metals and U.S. treasuries markets and related conduct which were the subject of the Firm’s resolutions with the DOJ, CFTC and SEC in September 2020, and fiduciary activities that were separately the subject of a resolution between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the OCC in November 2020. One of these shareholder derivative suits was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in May 2022, asserting breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment claims relating to the historical trading practices and related conduct and fiduciary activities which were the subject of the resolutions described above. In
December 2022, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss this action in full, and in July 2023, the plaintiff filed an appeal, which remains pending.
A second shareholder derivative action relating to the historical trading practices and related conduct was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in December 2022. Defendants have moved to dismiss the complaint.
Trading Venues Investigations. The Firm responded to government inquiries regarding its processes to inventory trading venues and confirm the completeness of certain data fed to trade surveillance platforms. The Firm self-identified that certain trading and order data through the CIB was not feeding into its trade surveillance platforms. The Firm entered into resolutions with the OCC and the Board of Governors of the FRB in March 2024 and with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission in May 2024. The resolutions required the Firm to, among other things, pay aggregate civil penalties of $450 million, which the Firm has paid, and to complete the Firm’s ongoing remediation. The Firm also engaged an independent compliance consultant, which completed an assessment of the Firm's trade surveillance program as required by the resolutions. The Firm does not expect any disruption of service to clients as a result of these resolutions.
* * *
In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or are otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future.
The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. In accordance with the provisions of U.S. GAAP for contingencies, the Firm accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upward or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm’s legal expense was $259 million and $665 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.
In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate
182
resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or consequences related to those matters. JPMorgan Chase believes, based upon its current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, consideration of the material legal proceedings described above and after taking into account its current litigation reserves and its estimated aggregate range of possible losses, that the other legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorgan Chase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorgan Chase’s income for that period.
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Note 25 – Business segments
The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. Effective in the second quarter of 2024, the Firm reorganized its reportable business segments by combining the former Corporate & Investment Bank and Commercial Banking business segments to form one reportable segment, the Commercial & Investment Bank (“CIB”). As a result of the reorganization, the Firm has three reportable business segments: Consumer & Community Banking, Commercial & Investment Bank, and Asset & Wealth Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment.
The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee. Segment results are presented on a managed basis. Refer to Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on pages 18-19 for a definition of managed basis.
Refer to Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a further discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s business segments.
Segment results
The following table provides a summary of the Firm’s segment results as of or for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, on a managed basis. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm (and each of the reportable business segments) on an FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. Refer to Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s managed basis.
Capital allocation
The amount of capital assigned to each business segment is referred to as equity. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs may change. Refer to Note 32 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.
Segment results and reconciliation(a)
As of or for the three months ended September 30, (in millions, except ratios)
Consumer & Community Banking
Commercial & Investment Bank
Asset & Wealth Management
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
Noninterest revenue
$
4,214
$
3,982
$
11,622
$
10,842
$
3,799
$
3,431
Net interest income
13,577
14,380
5,393
4,919
1,640
1,574
Total net revenue
17,791
18,362
17,015
15,761
5,439
5,005
Provision for credit losses
2,795
1,446
316
(95)
4
(13)
Noninterest expense
9,586
9,105
8,751
8,818
3,639
3,138
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
5,410
7,811
7,948
7,038
1,796
1,880
Income tax expense/(benefit)
1,364
1,916
2,257
2,011
445
463
Net income/(loss)
$
4,046
$
5,895
$
5,691
$
5,027
$
1,351
$
1,417
Average equity
$
54,500
$
55,500
$
132,000
$
138,000
$
15,500
$
17,000
Total assets
633,038
626,196
2,047,022
1,746,598
253,750
249,866
ROE
29
%
41
%
17
%
14
%
34
%
32
%
Overhead ratio
54
50
51
56
67
63
As of or for the three months ended September 30, (in millions, except ratios)
Corporate
Reconciling Items(a)
Total
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
Noninterest revenue
$
155
$
(425)
$
(541)
$
(682)
$
19,249
$
17,148
Net interest income
2,915
1,983
(120)
(130)
23,405
22,726
Total net revenue
3,070
1,558
(661)
(812)
42,654
39,874
Provision for credit losses
(4)
46
—
—
3,111
1,384
Noninterest expense
589
696
—
—
22,565
21,757
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
2,485
816
(661)
(812)
16,978
16,733
Income tax expense/(benefit)
675
4
(661)
(812)
4,080
3,582
Net income/(loss)
$
1,810
$
812
$
—
$
—
$
12,898
$
13,151
Average equity
$
119,894
$
74,298
$
—
$
—
$
321,894
$
284,798
Total assets
1,276,238
1,275,673
NA
NA
4,210,048
3,898,333
ROE
NM
NM
NM
NM
16
%
18
%
Overhead ratio
NM
NM
NM
NM
53
55
(a)Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.
184
Segment results and reconciliation(a)
As of or for the nine months ended September 30, (in millions, except ratios)
Consumer & Community Banking
Commercial & Investment Bank
Asset & Wealth Management
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
Noninterest revenue
$
12,155
$
11,148
$
36,527
$
34,783
$
10,946
$
10,122
Net interest income
40,990
40,903
15,989
14,596
4,854
4,610
Total net revenue
53,145
52,051
52,516
49,379
15,800
14,732
Provision for credit losses
7,351
4,710
701
1,515
(33)
160
Noninterest expense
28,308
25,483
26,641
25,803
10,642
9,392
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
17,486
21,858
25,174
22,061
5,191
5,180
Income tax expense/(benefit)
4,399
5,414
6,964
5,966
1,287
1,170
Net income/(loss)
$
13,087
$
16,444
$
18,210
$
16,095
$
3,904
$
4,010
Average equity
$
54,500
$
53,962
$
132,000
$
137,341
$
15,500
$
16,560
Total assets
633,038
626,196
2,047,022
1,746,598
253,750
249,866
ROE
31
%
40
%
18
%
15
%
33
%
32
%
Overhead ratio
53
49
51
52
67
64
As of or for the nine months ended September 30, (in millions, except ratios)
Corporate
Reconciling Items(a)
Total
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
Noninterest revenue
$
7,638
(b)
$
800
$
(1,711)
$
(2,539)
$
65,555
(b)
$
54,314
Net interest income
7,756
5,461
(356)
(354)
69,233
65,216
Total net revenue
15,394
6,261
(2,067)
(2,893)
134,788
119,530
Provision for credit losses
28
173
—
—
8,047
6,558
Noninterest expense
3,444
(c)
2,008
—
—
69,035
(c)
62,686
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
11,922
4,080
(2,067)
(2,893)
57,706
50,286
Income tax expense/(benefit)
2,657
384
(2,067)
(2,893)
13,240
10,041
Net income/(loss)
$
9,265
$
3,696
$
—
$
—
$
44,466
$
40,245
Average equity
$
108,353
$
70,147
$
—
$
—
$
310,353
$
278,010
Total assets
1,276,238
1,275,673
NA
NA
4,210,048
3,898,333
ROE
NM
NM
NM
NM
19
%
19
%
Overhead ratio
NM
NM
NM
NM
51
52
(a)Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.
(b)Included a $7.9 billion net gain related to Visa shares recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Notes 2 and 5 for additional information.
(c)Included a $1.0 billion contribution of Visa shares to the JPMorgan Chase Foundation recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 5 for additional information.
185
Note 26 – Business combinations
On May 1, 2023, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the "First Republic acquisition") from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as receiver. The acquisition resulted in a bargain purchase gain, which represents the excess of the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired above the purchase price.
The Firm has determined that this acquisition constitutes a business combination under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, the initial recognition of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were generally measured at their estimated fair values as of May 1, 2023. The determination of those fair values required management to make certain market-based assumptions about expected future cash flows, discount rates and other valuation inputs at the time of the acquisition. The Firm believes that the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed provide a reasonable basis for determining the estimated bargain purchase gain.
The First Republic acquisition resulted in a preliminary estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion. The final bargain purchase gain of $2.9 billion reflects adjustments made during the one-year measurement period, as permitted by U.S. GAAP, to finalize management's fair value estimates for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including an increase of $103 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Certain matters related to the final settlement remain outstanding between the Firm and the FDIC. Any subsequent adjustments will not impact the final bargain purchase gain and will be reflected in Other income.
Refer to Note 34 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information on the First Republic acquisition.
186
The computation of the purchase price, the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of the First Republic acquisition and the related bargain purchase gain are presented below, and reflects adjustments made during the measurement period to the acquisition-date fair value of the net assets acquired.
Fair value purchase price allocation as of May 1, 2023
(in millions)
Purchase price consideration
Amounts paid/due to the FDIC, net of cash acquired(a)
$
13,555
Purchase Money Note (at fair value)(b)
48,848
Settlement of First Republic deposit and other related party transactions(c)
5,447
Contingent consideration - Shared-loss agreements
15
Purchase price consideration
$
67,865
Assets
Securities
$
30,285
Loans
153,242
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles
1,455
Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements
675
Accounts receivable and other assets(d)
6,740
Total assets acquired
$
192,397
Liabilities
Deposits
$
87,572
FHLB advances
27,919
Lending-related commitments
2,614
Accounts payable and other liabilities(d)
2,792
Deferred tax liabilities
757
Total liabilities assumed
$
121,654
Fair value of net assets acquired
$
70,743
Gain on acquisition, after income taxes
$
2,878
(a)Net of cash acquired of $680 million, and including disputed amounts.
(b)As part of the consideration paid, JPMorgan Chase issued a five-year, $50 billion secured note to the FDIC (the "Purchase Money Note").
(c)Includes $447 million of securities financing transactions with First Republic Bank that were effectively settled on the acquisition date.
(d)Other assets include $1.2 billion in tax-oriented investments and $683 million of lease right-of-use assets. Other liabilities include the related tax-oriented investment liabilities of $669 million and lease liabilities of $748 million. Refer to Note 14 and Note 18 of JPMorgan Chase's 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.
Refer to JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the Firm’s accounting policies and valuation methodologies for securities, loans, core deposits and customer relationship intangibles, shared-loss agreements and the related indemnification assets, deposits, Purchase Money Note, FHLB advances and lending-related commitments.
Loans
The following table presents the unpaid principal balance ("UPB") and fair values of the loans acquired as of May 1, 2023, and reflects adjustments made during the measurement period to the acquisition-date fair value of the loans acquired.
May 1, 2023
(in millions)
UPB
Fair value
Residential real estate
$
106,240
$
92,053
Auto and other
3,093
2,030
Total consumer
109,333
94,083
Secured by real estate
37,117
33,602
Commercial & industrial
4,332
3,932
Other
23,499
21,625
Total wholesale
64,948
59,159
Total loans
$
174,281
$
153,242
187
Unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information
The following table presents certain unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as if the First Republic acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2022, including recognition of the estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.8 billion and the provision for credit losses of $1.2 billion. Additional adjustments include the interest on the Purchase Money Note and the impact of amortizing and accreting certain estimated fair value adjustments related to intangible assets, loans and lending-related commitments.
The Firm expects to achieve operating cost savings and other business synergies resulting from the acquisition that are not reflected in the pro forma amounts. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the historical results of operations had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2022, nor is it indicative of the results of operations in future periods.
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2023
2023
Noninterest revenue
$
16,820
$
51,480
Net interest income
22,726
66,808
Net income
12,902
39,500
188
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements
We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Firm”) as of September 30, 2024, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income and changes in stockholders’ equity for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of the Firm as of December 31, 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 16, 2024, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2023, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Firm’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Firm in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
October 30, 2024
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017
189
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates (unaudited)
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
Three months ended September 30, 2024
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Average balance
Interest(f)
Rate (annualized)
Average balance
Interest(f)
Rate (annualized)
Assets
Deposits with banks
$
464,704
$
5,366
4.59
%
$
456,954
$
5,270
4.58
%
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
404,174
5,226
5.14
309,848
3,951
5.06
Securities borrowed
217,716
2,478
4.53
188,279
2,085
4.39
Trading assets – debt instruments
496,176
5,625
4.51
383,576
4,177
4.32
Taxable securities
595,772
5,849
3.91
575,028
4,513
3.11
Nontaxable securities(a)
27,063
346
5.09
31,565
421
5.29
Total investment securities
622,835
6,195
3.96
(g)
606,593
4,934
3.23
(g)
Loans
1,325,440
23,569
7.07
1,306,322
22,367
6.79
All other interest-earning assets(b)(c)
90,721
2,077
9.11
80,156
1,902
9.42
Total interest-earning assets
3,621,766
50,536
5.55
3,331,728
44,686
5.32
Allowance for loan losses
(22,946)
(21,972)
Cash and due from banks
22,323
24,232
Trading assets – equity and other instruments
217,790
173,998
Trading assets – derivative receivables
54,575
66,972
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible Assets
64,185
64,675
All other noninterest-earning assets
219,315
200,144
Total assets
$
4,177,008
$
3,839,777
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
$
1,749,353
$
12,914
2.94
%
$
1,694,758
$
10,796
2.53
%
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
425,795
5,733
5.36
254,105
3,523
5.50
Short-term borrowings
40,234
542
5.38
37,837
512
5.38
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing
liabilities(d)(e)
329,850
2,632
3.17
288,007
2,463
3.39
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
26,556
352
5.27
21,890
297
5.38
Long-term debt
347,910
4,838
5.53
315,267
4,239
5.33
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,919,698
27,011
3.68
2,611,864
21,830
3.32
Noninterest-bearing deposits
633,957
660,983
Trading liabilities – equity and other instruments(e)
32,739
29,508
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
39,936
46,754
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
206,376
178,466
Total liabilities
3,832,706
3,527,575
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock
22,408
27,404
Common stockholders’ equity
321,894
284,798
Total stockholders’ equity
344,302
312,202
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
4,177,008
$
3,839,777
Interest rate spread
1.87
%
2.00
%
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
$
23,525
2.58
$
22,856
2.72
(a)Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)Includes brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets, which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(c)The rates reflect the impact of interest earned on cash collateral where the cash collateral has been netted against certain derivative payables.
(d)All other interest-bearing liabilities include brokerage-related customer payables.
(e)The combined balance of trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments was $200.8 billion and $153.4 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(f)Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(g)The annualized rate for securities based on amortized cost was 3.95% and 3.18% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in AOCI.
190
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates (unaudited)
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Average balance
Interest(f)
Rate (annualized)
Average balance
Interest(f)
Rate (annualized)
Assets
Deposits with banks
$
504,043
$
17,811
4.72
%
$
485,700
$
15,278
4.21
%
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
366,464
14,262
5.20
316,520
10,849
4.58
Securities borrowed
202,103
6,821
4.51
190,822
5,667
3.97
Trading assets – debt instruments
457,351
15,233
4.45
377,829
11,862
4.20
Taxable securities
566,353
15,844
3.74
583,463
12,674
2.90
Nontaxable securities(a)
28,060
1,071
5.10
29,879
1,119
5.01
Total investment securities
594,413
16,915
3.80
(g)
613,342
13,793
3.01
(g)
Loans
1,316,733
69,454
7.05
1,225,375
60,472
6.60
All other interest-earning assets(b)(c)
84,912
6,227
9.80
88,255
5,637
8.54
Total interest-earning assets
3,526,019
146,723
5.56
3,297,843
123,558
5.01
Allowance for loan losses
(22,530)
(20,395)
Cash and due from banks
22,694
25,165
Trading assets – equity and other instruments
210,013
165,292
Trading assets – derivative receivables
56,455
64,955
Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible Assets
64,346
62,701
All other noninterest-earning assets
215,748
205,295
Total assets
$
4,072,745
$
3,800,856
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
$
1,732,844
$
37,569
2.90
%
$
1,693,588
$
28,024
2.21
%
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
365,604
14,810
5.41
256,717
9,727
5.07
Short-term borrowings
39,003
1,579
5.41
37,308
1,361
4.88
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing
liabilities(d)(e)
317,229
7,872
3.31
286,324
6,807
3.18
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
26,728
1,068
5.34
17,137
641
5.00
Long-term debt
343,628
14,236
5.53
286,522
11,428
5.33
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,825,036
77,134
3.65
2,577,596
57,988
3.01
Noninterest-bearing deposits
643,608
661,086
Trading liabilities – equity and other instruments(e)
30,613
29,262
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
39,120
47,672
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
198,617
179,826
Total liabilities
3,736,994
3,495,442
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock
25,398
27,404
Common stockholders’ equity
310,353
278,010
Total stockholders’ equity
335,751
305,414
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
4,072,745
$
3,800,856
Interest rate spread
1.91
%
2.00
%
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
$
69,589
2.64
$
65,570
2.66
(a)Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)Includes brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets, which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(c)The rates reflect the impact of interest earned on cash collateral where the cash collateral has been netted against certain derivative payables.
(d)All other interest-bearing liabilities include brokerage-related customer payables.
(e)The combined balance of trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments was $189.1 billion and $150.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(f)Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(g)The annualized rate for securities based on amortized cost was 3.77% and 2.96% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in AOCI.
191
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS
2023 Form 10-K: Annual report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
ABS: Asset-backed securities
Active foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings are ongoing. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
AFS: Available-for-sale
Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans: represents period-end allowance for loan losses divided by retained loans.
Amortized cost: Amount at which a financing receivable or investment is originated or acquired, adjusted for accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, charge-offs, foreign exchange, and fair value hedge accounting adjustments. For AFS securities, amortized cost is also reduced by any impairment losses recognized in earnings. Amortized cost is not reduced by the allowance for credit losses, except where explicitly presented net.
AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
ARM(s): Adjustable rate mortgage(s)
AUC: “Assets under custody”: Represents assets held directly or indirectly on behalf of clients under safekeeping, custody and servicing arrangements.
Auto loan and lease origination volume: Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
AWM: Asset & Wealth Management
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs:represents the interest of third-party holders of debt, equity securities, or other obligations, issued by VIEs that JPMorgan Chase consolidates.
BHC: Bank holding company
BWM: Banking & Wealth Management
Bridge Financing Portfolio: A portfolio of held-for-sale unfunded loan commitments and funded loans. The unfunded commitments include both short-term bridge loan commitments that will ultimately be replaced by longer term financing as well as term loan commitments. The funded loans include term loans and funded revolver facilities.
CCAR: Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CCB: Consumer & Community Banking
CCP: Central Counterparty
CDS: Credit default swaps
CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
CET1 capital: Common equity Tier 1 capital
CFO: Chief Financial Officer
CFTC: Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CIB: Commercial & Investment Bank
CIO: Chief Investment Office
Client assets: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities: Deposits, as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of client cash management programs.
Client investment assets: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage and annuity accounts, and deposits held in investment accounts.
CLTV: Combined loan-to-value
CMT: Constant Maturity Treasury
Collateral-dependent: A loan is considered to be collateral-dependent when repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of thecollateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, including when foreclosure is deemed probable based on borrower delinquency.
Commercial Card: provides a wide range of payment services to corporate and public sector clients worldwide through the commercial card products. Services include procurement, corporate travel and entertainment, expense management services, and business-to-business payment solutions.
Credit derivatives:Financial instruments whose value is derived from the credit risk associated with the debt of a third-party issuer (the reference entity) which allow one party (the protection purchaser) to transfer that risk to another party (the protection seller). Upon the occurrence of a credit event by the reference entity, which may include, among other events, the bankruptcy or failure to pay its obligations, or certain restructurings of the debt of the reference entity, neither party has recourse to the reference entity. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value at the time of settling the credit derivative contract. The determination as to whether a credit event has occurred is generally made by the relevant International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Determinations Committee.
Criticized: Criticized loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables that are classified as special mention, substandard and doubtful categories for regulatory purposes and are generally consistent with a rating of CCC+/Caa1 and below, as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
CRR: Capital Requirements Regulation
CVA: Credit valuation adjustment
DVA: Debit valuation adjustment
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EC: European Commission
Eligible HQLA: Eligible high-quality liquid assets, for purposes of calculating the LCR, is the amount of unencumbered HQLA that satisfy certain operational considerations as defined in the LCR rule.
Eligible LTD: Long-term debt satisfying certain eligibility criteria
Embedded derivatives: are implicit or explicit terms or features of a financial instrument that affect some or all of the cash flows or the value of the instrument in a manner similar to a derivative. An instrument containing such terms or features is referred to as a “hybrid.” The component of the hybrid that is the non-derivative instrument is referred to as the “host.” For example, callable debt is a hybrid instrument that contains a plain vanilla debt instrument (i.e., the host) and an embedded option that allows the issuer to redeem the debt issue at a specified date for a specified amount (i.e., the embedded derivative). However, a floating rate instrument is not a hybrid composed of a fixed-rate instrument and an interest rate swap.
EPS: Earnings per share
ERISA: Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
ESG: Environmental, Social and Governance
ETD: “Exchange-traded derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are executed on an exchange and settled via a central clearing house.
EU: European Union
Expense categories:
•Volume- and/or revenue-related expenses generally correlate with changes in the related business/transaction volume or revenue. Examples of volume- and revenue-related expenses include commissions and incentive compensation, depreciation expense related to operating lease assets, and brokerage expense related to equities trading transaction volume.
•Investments include expenses associated with supporting medium- to longer-term strategic plans of the Firm. Examples of investments include initiatives in technology (including related compensation), marketing, and compensation for new bankers and client advisors.
•Structural expenses are those associated with the day-to-day cost of running the bank and are expenses not covered by the above two categories. Examples of structural expenses include employee salaries and benefits, as well as noncompensation costs such as real estate and all other expenses.
Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board
FCA: Financial Conduct Authority
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDM: "Financial difficulty modification" applies to loan modifications effective January 1, 2023, andis deemed to occur when the Firm modifies specific terms of the original loan agreement. The following types of modifications are
considered FDMs: principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment deferral, term extension or a combination of these modifications.
Federal Reserve: The Board of the Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FFIEC: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHA: Federal Housing Administration
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO score: A measure of consumer credit risk based on information in consumer credit reports produced by Fair Isaac Corporation. Because certain aged data is excluded from credit reports based on rules in the Fair Credit Reporting Act, FICO scores may not reflect all historical information about a consumer.
FICC: Fixed Income Clearing Corporation
FINRA: Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
Firm: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Forward points: represents the interest rate differential between two currencies, which is either added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate (i.e., “spot rate”) to determine the forward exchange rate.
Freddie Mac: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Free-standing derivatives: is a derivative contract entered into either separate and apart from any of the Firm’s other financial instruments or equity transactions. Or, in conjunction with some other transaction and is legally detachable and separately exercisable.
FTE: Fully taxable-equivalent
FVA: Funding valuation adjustment
FX: Foreign exchange
G7: “Group of Seven nations”:Countries in the G7 are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S.
G7 government securities:Securities issued by the government of one of the G7 nations.
Ginnie Mae: Government National Mortgage Association
GSIB: Global systemically important banks
HELOC: Home equity line of credit
Home equity – senior lien:represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds the first security interest on the property.
Home equity – junior lien:represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.
HQLA: High-quality liquid assets
HTM: Held-to-maturity
IBOR: Interbank Offered Rate
IDI: Insured depository institutions
IHC: JPMorgan Chase Holdings LLC, an intermediate holding company
Investment-grade:An indication of credit quality based on
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JPMorgan Chase’s internal risk assessment system. “Investment grade” generally represents a risk profile similar to a rating of a “BBB-”/“Baa3” or better, as defined by independent rating agencies.
IPO: Initial Public Offering
IR: Interest rate
ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association
JPMorgan Chase: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.: JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
JPMorgan Chase Foundation or Foundation: a not-for-profit organization that makes contributions for charitable and educational purposes.
J.P. Morgan Securities: J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
JPMSE: J.P. Morgan SE
LCR: Liquidity coverage ratio
LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate
LLC:Limited Liability Company
LOB: Line of business
LTV: “Loan-to-value ratio”: For residential real estate loans, the relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral (i.e., residential real estate) securing the loan.
Origination date LTV ratio
The LTV ratio at the origination date of the loan. Origination date LTV ratios are calculated based on the actual appraised values of collateral (i.e., loan-level data) at the origination date.
Current estimated LTV ratio
An estimate of the LTV as of a certain date. The current estimated LTV ratios are calculated using estimated collateral values derived from a nationally recognized home price index measured at the metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) level. These MSA-level home price indices consist of actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. As a result, the estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting LTV ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.
Combined LTV ratio
The LTV ratio considering all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property. Combined LTV ratios are used for junior lien home equity products.
Macro businesses: the macro businesses include Rates, Currencies and Emerging Markets, Fixed Income Financing and Commodities in CIB's Fixed Income Markets.
Managed basis: A non-GAAP presentation of Firmwide financial results that includes reclassifications to present revenue on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management also uses this financial measure at the segment level, because it believes this provides information to enable
investors to understand the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and facilitates a comparison of the business segment with the performance of competitors.
Markets: consists of CIB's Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets businesses.
Master netting agreement: A single agreement with a counterparty that permits multiple transactions governed by that agreement to be terminated or accelerated and settled through a single payment in a single currency in the event of a default (e.g., bankruptcy, failure to make a required payment or securities transfer or deliver collateral or margin when due).
MBS: Mortgage-backed securities
MD&A: Management’s discussion and analysis
Measurement alternative: Measures equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer.
Merchant Services: offers merchants payment processing capabilities, fraud and risk management, data and analytics, and other payments services. Through Merchant Services, merchants of all sizes can accept payments via credit and debit cards and payments in multiple currencies.
MEV: Macroeconomic variable
Moody’s: Moody’s Investor Services
Mortgage product types:
Alt-A
Alt-A loans are generally higher in credit quality than subprime loans but have characteristics that would disqualify the borrower from a traditional prime loan. Alt-A lending characteristics may include one or more of the following: (i) limited documentation; (ii) a high CLTV ratio; (iii) loans secured by non-owner occupied properties; or (iv) a debt-to-income ratio above normal limits. A substantial proportion of the Firm’s Alt-A loans are those where a borrower does not provide complete documentation of his or her assets or the amount or source of his or her income.
Option ARMs
The option ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides the borrower with the option each month to make a fully amortizing, interest-only or minimum payment. The minimum payment on an option ARM loan is based on the interest rate charged during the introductory period. This introductory rate is usually significantly below the fully indexed rate. The fully indexed rate is calculated using an index rate plus a margin. Once the introductory period ends, the contractual interest rate charged on the loan increases to the fully indexed rate and adjusts monthly to reflect movements in the index. The minimum payment is typically insufficient to cover interest accrued in the prior month, and any unpaid interest is deferred and added to the principal balance of the loan. Option ARM loans are subject to payment recast, which
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converts the loan to a variable-rate fully amortizing loan upon meeting specified loan balance and anniversary date triggers.
Prime
Prime mortgage loans are made to borrowers with good credit records who meet specific underwriting requirements, including prescriptive requirements related to income and overall debt levels. New prime mortgage borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.
Subprime
Subprime loans are loans that, prior to mid-2008, were offered to certain customers with one or more high risk characteristics, including but not limited to: (i) unreliable or poor payment histories; (ii) a high LTV ratio of greater than 80% (without borrower-paid mortgage insurance); (iii) a high debt-to-income ratio; (iv) an occupancy type for the loan is other than the borrower’s primary residence; or (v) a history of delinquencies or late payments on the loan.
MREL: Minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities
MSR: Mortgage servicing rights
NA:Data is not applicable or available for the period presented.
Net Capital Rule: Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate: represents net charge-offs/(recoveries) (annualized) divided by average retained loans for the reporting period.
Net interchange income includes the following components:
•Interchange income: Fees earned by credit and debit card issuers on sales transactions.
•Rewards costs: The cost to the Firm for points earned by cardholders enrolled in credit card rewards programs generally tied to sales transactions.
•Partner payments: Payments to co-brand credit card partners based on the cost of loyalty program rewards earned by cardholders on credit card transactions.
Net yield on interest-earning assets: The average rate for interest-earning assets less the average rate paid for all sources of funds.
NFA: National Futures Association
NM:Not meaningful
Nonaccrual loans: Loans for which interest income is not recognized on an accrual basis. Loans (other than credit card loans and certain consumer loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status when full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. Collateral-dependent loans are typically
maintained on nonaccrual status.
Nonperforming assets: Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, nonperforming derivatives and certain assets acquired in loan satisfactions, predominantly real estate owned and other commercial and personal property.
NSFR: Net Stable Funding Ratio
OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI: Other comprehensive income/(loss)
OPEB: Other postretirement employee benefit
OTC: “Over-the-counter derivatives”:Derivative contracts that are negotiated, executed and settled bilaterally between two derivative counterparties, where one or both counterparties is a derivatives dealer.
OTC cleared: “Over-the-counter cleared derivatives”:Derivative contracts that are negotiated and executed bilaterally, but subsequently settled via a central clearing house, such that each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default of that clearing house.
Overhead ratio: Noninterest expense as a percentage of total net revenue.
Parent Company: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Participating securities: represents unvested share-based compensation awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”), which are included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. JPMorgan Chase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its share-based compensation programs, which entitle the recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.
PCD: “Purchased credit deteriorated” assets represent acquired financial assets that as of the date of acquisition have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by the Firm.
Pillar 1: The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 1 establishes minimum capital requirements, defines eligible capital instruments, and prescribes rules for calculating RWA.
Pillar 3: The Basel framework consists of a three “Pillar” approach. Pillar 3 encourages market discipline through disclosure requirements which allow market participants to assess the risk and capital profiles of banks.
PPP: Paycheck Protection Program under the Small Business Association (“SBA”)
PRA: Prudential Regulation Authority
Preferred stock dividends: reflects dividends declared and deemed dividends upon redemption of preferred stock
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Pre-provision profit/(loss): represents total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.
Principal transactions revenue:Principal transactions revenue is driven by many factors, including the bid-offer spread, which is the difference between the price at which the Firm is willing to buy a financial or other instrument and the price at which the Firm is willing to sell that instrument. It also consists of realized (as a result of closing out or termination of transactions, or interim cash payments) and unrealized (as a result of changes in valuation) gains and losses on financial and other instruments (including those accounted for under the fair value option) primarily used in client-driven market-making activities and on private equity investments. In connection with its client-driven market-making activities, the Firm transacts in debt and equity instruments, derivatives and commodities (including physical commodities inventories and financial instruments that reference commodities). Principal transactions revenue also includes certain realized and unrealized gains and losses related to hedge accounting and specified risk-management activities, including: (a) certain derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships (primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk), (b) certain derivatives used for specific risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit risk and foreign exchange risk, and (c) other derivatives.
PSU(s): Performance share units
Regulatory VaR: Daily aggregated VaR calculated in accordance with regulatory rules.
REO: Real estate owned
Reported basis: Financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP, which excludes the impact of taxable-equivalent adjustments.
Retained loans:Loans that are held-for-investment (i.e. excludes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value).
Revenue wallet: Total fee revenue based on estimates of investment banking fees generated across the industry (i.e., the revenue wallet) from investment banking transactions in M&A, equity and debt underwriting, and loan syndications. Source: Dealogic, a third-party provider of investment banking competitive analysis and volume based league tables for the above noted industry products.
RHS: Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
ROE: Return on equity
ROTCE: Return on tangible common equity
ROU assets: Right-of-use assets
RSU(s): Restricted stock units
RWA: “Risk-weighted assets”:Basel III establishes two comprehensive approaches for calculating RWA (a Standardized approach and an Advanced approach) which
include capital requirements for credit risk, market risk, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, also operational risk. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Basel III Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Basel III Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally consistent basis between Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced.
S&P: Standard and Poors
SA-CCR: Standardized Approach for Counterparty Credit Risk
SAR as it pertains to Hong Kong: Special Administrative Region
SAR(s) as it pertains to employee stock awards: Stock appreciation rights
SCB:Stress capital buffer
Scored portfolios: Consumer loan portfolios that predominantly include residential real estate loans, credit card loans, auto loans to individuals and certain small business loans.
SEC: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securitized Products Group: Comprised of Securitized Products and tax-oriented investments.
Seed capital: Initial JPMorgan capital invested in products, such as mutual funds, with the intention of ensuring the fund is of sufficient size to represent a viable offering to clients, enabling pricing of its shares, and allowing the manager to develop a track record. After these goals are achieved, the intent is to remove the Firm’s capital from the investment.
Shelf securities: Securities registered with the SEC under a shelf registration statement that have not been issued, offered or sold. These securities are not included in league tables until they have actually been issued.
Single-name: Single reference-entities
SLR: Supplementary leverage ratio
SMBS: Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities
SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SPEs: Special purpose entities
Structural interest rate risk: represents interest rate risk of the non-trading assets and liabilities of the Firm.
Structured notes: Structured notes are financial instruments whose cash flows are linked to the movement in one or more indexes, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodities prices, prepayment rates, underlying reference pool of loans or other market variables. The notes typically contain embedded (but not separable or detachable) derivatives. Contractual cash flows for principal, interest, or both can vary in amount and timing
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throughout the life of the note based on non-traditional indexes or non-traditional uses of traditional interest rates or indexes.
Suspended foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings have started but are currently on hold, which could be due to bankruptcy or loss mitigation. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
Taxable-equivalent basis: In presenting managed results, the total net revenue for each of the business segments and the Firm is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities; the corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense.
TBVPS: Tangible book value per share
TCE: Tangible common equity
TDR: “Troubled debt restructuring” applies to loan modifications granted prior to January 1, 2023 and is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty. Loans with short-term and other insignificant modifications that are not considered concessions are not TDRs.
TLAC: Total Loss Absorbing Capacity
U.K.: United Kingdom
U.S.: United States of America
U.S. GAAP:Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
U.S. government agencies: U.S. government agencies include, but are not limited to, agencies such as Ginnie Mae and FHA, and do not include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which are U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (“U.S. GSEs”). In general, obligations of U.S. government agencies are fully and explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government in the event of a default.
U.S. GSE(s): “U.S. government-sponsored enterprises” are quasi-governmental, privately-held entities established or chartered by the U.S. government to serve public purposes as specified by the U.S. Congress to improve the flow of credit to specific sectors of the economy and provide certain essential services to the public. U.S. GSEs include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but do not include Ginnie Mae or FHA. U.S. GSE obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
U.S. Treasury:U.S. Department of the Treasury
Unaudited: Financial statements and/or information that have not been subject to auditing procedures by an independent registered public accounting firm.
VA: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
VaR: “Value-at-risk” is a measure of the dollar amount of potential loss from adverse market moves in an ordinary market environment.
VIEs: Variable interest entities
Warehouse loans:consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as loans.
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LINE OF BUSINESS METRICS
CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING (“CCB”)
Debit and credit card sales volume: Dollar amount of card member purchases, net of returns.
Deposit margin: Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.
Home Lending Production and Home Lending Servicing revenue comprises the following:
Net mortgage servicing revenue: Includes operating revenue earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, which is recognized over the period in which the service is provided; changes in the fair value of MSRs; the impact of risk management activities associated with MSRs; and gains and losses on securitization of excess mortgage servicing. Net mortgage servicing revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments of certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies.
Production revenue: Includes fees and income recognized as earned on mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell, and the impact of risk management activities associated with the mortgage pipeline and warehouse loans. Production revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments on mortgage loans held-for-sale (excluding certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies), and changes in the fair value of financial instruments measured under the fair value option.
Mortgage origination channels comprise the following:
Retail: Borrowers who buy or refinance a home through direct contact with a mortgage banker employed by the Firm using a branch office, the Internet or by phone. Borrowers are frequently referred to a mortgage banker by a banker in a Chase branch, real estate brokers, home builders or other third parties.
Correspondent: Banks, thrifts, other mortgage banks and other financial institutions that sell closed loans to the Firm.
Card Services: is a business that primarily issues credit cards to consumers and small businesses.
Net revenue rate: Represents Card Services net revenue (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average loans for the period.
Auto loan and lease origination volume: Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
Commercial & Investment Bank (“CIB”)
Definition of selected CIB revenue:
Investment Banking: Includes investment banking fees as well as other revenues associated with investment banking activities and services including advising on corporate strategy and structure, and capital-raising in equity and debt markets.
Payments: reflects revenue from cash management solutions, including services that enable clients to manage payments globally across liquidity and account solutions, commerce solutions, clearing, trade and working capital.
Lending: includes revenue from a variety of financing alternatives, which includes on a secured basis.
Other: includes tax-equivalent adjustments generated from Community Development Banking and activity derived from principal transactions.
Fixed Income Markets: primarily includes revenue related to market-making and lending across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.
Equity Markets: primarily includes revenue related to market-making and lending across global equity markets, including cash, derivative and prime brokerage products.
Securities Services: revenues are primarily generated from net interest income, asset based fees, and transaction based fees. Our core product offering is organized into four key areas: custody, fund services, liquidity and trading services, and data solutions. These services are marketed primarily to institutional investors.
Description of certain business metrics:
Assets under custody (“AUC”): represents activities associated with the safekeeping and servicing of assets on which Securities Services earns fees.
Investment banking fees: represents advisory, equity underwriting, bond underwriting and loan syndication fees.
Description of CIB client coverage segment for Banking and Payments revenue:
Global Corporate Banking & Global Investment Banking: provides banking products and services generally to large corporations, financial institutions and merchants.
Commercial Banking: provides banking products and services generally to middle market clients, including start-ups, small and mid-sized companies, local governments, municipalities, and nonprofits, as well as to commercial real estate clients.
Other: includes amounts related to credit protection purchased against certain retained loans and lending-related commitments in Lending, the impact of equity investments in Payments and revenues not aligned with a primary client coverage segment.
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ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT (“AWM”)
Assets under management (“AUM”): represent assets managed by AWM on behalf of its Private Banking, Global Institutional and Global Funds clients. Includes “Committed capital not Called.”
Client assets: represent assets under management, as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Multi-asset: Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class.
Alternative assets: The following types of assets constitute alternative investments – hedge funds, currency, real estate, private equity and other investment funds designed to focus on nontraditional strategies.
AWM’s lines of business consist of the following:
Asset Management: offers multi-asset investment management solutions across equities, fixed income, alternatives and money market funds to institutional and retail investors providing for a broad range of clients’ investment needs.
Global Private Bank: provides retirement products and services, brokerage, custody, trusts and estates, loans, mortgages, deposits and investment management to high net worth clients.
AWM’s client segments consist of the following:
Private Banking: clients include high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, families, money managers and business owners.
Global Institutional: clients include both corporate and public institutions, endowments, foundations, nonprofit organizations and governments worldwide.
Global Funds: clients include financial intermediaries and individual investors.
Asset Management has two high-level measures of its overall fund performance:
Percentage of active mutual fund and active ETF assets under management in funds rated 4- or 5-star: Mutual fund rating services rank funds based on their risk-adjusted performance over various periods. A 5-star rating is the best rating and represents the top 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 4-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 3-star rating represents the next 35% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 2-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 1-star rating is the worst rating and represents the bottom 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. An overall Morningstar rating is derived from a weighted average of the performance associated with a fund’s three-, five- and ten- year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. For U.S.-domiciled funds, separate star ratings are provided at the individual share class level. The Nomura “star rating” is based on three-year risk-adjusted performance only. Funds with fewer than three years of history are not rated and hence excluded from these rankings. All ratings, the
assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the applicable fund rating provider. Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on star ratings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, and at a “primary share class” level to represent the star rating of all other funds, except for Japan, for which Nomura provides ratings at the fund level. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Percentage of active mutual fund and active ETF assets under management in funds ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartile (one, three, and five years): All quartile rankings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive these rankings are sourced from the fund rating providers. Quartile rankings are based on the net-of-fee absolute return of each fund. Where applicable, the fund rating providers redenominate asset values into U.S. dollars. The percentage of AUM is based on fund performance and associated peer rankings at the share class level for U.S.-domiciled funds, at a “primary share class” level to represent the quartile ranking for U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong funds and at the fund level for all other funds. The performance data may have been different if all share classes had been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
“Primary share class” means the C share class for European funds and Acc share class for Hong Kong and Taiwan funds. If these share classes are not available, the oldest share class is used as the primary share class.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Refer to the Market Risk Management section of Management’s discussion and analysis and pages 135–143 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Refer to Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 for the Certifications furnished by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively.
The Firm is committed to maintaining high standards of internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Deficiencies or lapses in internal controls may occur from time to time, and there can be no assurance that any such deficiencies will not result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in internal control in the future and collateral consequences therefrom. Refer to “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting” on page 162 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for further information. There was no change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Refer to the discussion of the Firm’s material legal proceedings in Note 24 of this Form 10-Q for information that updates the disclosures set forth under Part I, Item 3: Legal Proceedings, in JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Refer to Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 9-33 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K and Forward-Looking Statements on page 88of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of certain risk factors affecting the Firm.
Supervision and regulation
Refer to the Supervision and regulation section on pages 4–8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for information on Supervision and Regulation.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Repurchases under the common share repurchase program
Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 44-49 of this Form 10-Q and pages 91-101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding repurchases under the Firm’s common share repurchase program.
On June 28, 2024, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had authorized a new $30 billion common share repurchase program, effective July 1, 2024. Through June 30, 2024, the Firm was authorized to purchase up to $30 billion of common shares under its previously-approved common share repurchase program that was announced on April 13, 2022.
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Shares repurchased pursuant to the common share repurchase program during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were as follows:
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
Total number of shares of common stock repurchased
Average price paid per share of common stock(a)
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases
(in millions)(a)
Dollar value of remaining authorized repurchase
(in millions)(a)
First quarter
15,869,936
$
179.50
$
2,849
$
16,886
Second quarter
27,019,730
$
196.83
$
5,318
$
11,568
(b)
July
5,348,998
210.33
1,125
28,875
August
16,568,428
208.70
3,458
25,417
September
8,426,507
210.96
1,778
23,639
(c)
Third quarter
30,343,933
209.61
6,361
23,639
(c)
Year-to-date
73,233,599
$
198.37
$
14,528
$
23,639
(c)
(a)Excludes excise tax and commissions. As part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, a 1% excise tax was imposed on net share repurchases effective January 1, 2023.
(b)The $11.6 billion under the prior Board authorization was canceled when the $30 billion repurchase program was authorized by the Board of Directors effective July 1, 2024.
(c)Represents the amount remaining under the $30 billion repurchase program.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
Trading arrangements
The following table provides information concerning Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted in the third quarter of 2024, by any director or officer who is subject to the filing requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Section 16 Director or Officer"). These trading arrangements are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). Certain of the Firm's Section 16 Directors or Officers may participate in employee stock purchase plans, 401(k) plans or dividend reinvestment plans of the Firm that have been designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1(c). No non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were adopted by any Section 16 Director or Officer during the third quarter of 2024. Additionally, no Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements were terminated by any Section 16 Director or Officer in the third quarter of 2024.
Name
Title
Adoption date
Duration(b)
Aggregate number of shares to be sold(c)
Ashley Bacon
Chief Risk Officer
August 7, 2024
August 7, 2024 – March 31, 2025
50% of the net issued shares received as a result of RSUs vesting on January 13, 2025
Mary Erdoes
CEO, AWM
August 1, 2024
August 1, 2024 – March 31, 2025
50% of the net issued shares received as a result of RSUs vesting on January 13, 2025
Stacey Friedman
General Counsel
August 6, 2024
August 6, 2024 – March 31, 2025
50% of the net issued shares received as a result of RSUs vesting on January 13, 2025
Marianne Lake(a)
CEO, CCB
July 31, 2024
July 31, 2024 – March 31, 2025
50% of the net issued shares received as a result of RSUs vesting on January 13, 2025
(a)Transaction by trust of which Ms. Lake has either a direct or indirect pecuniary interest.
(b)Sales under the trading arrangement will not commence until completion of the required cooling off period under Rule 10b5-1. Subject to compliance with Rule 10b5-1, duration could cease earlier than the final date shown above to the extent that the aggregate number of shares to be sold under the trading arrangement have been sold.
(c)The aggregate number of shares to be sold pursuant to each trading agreement is dependent on the terms and conditions of, and taxes on, the applicable RSUs, and therefore, is indeterminable at this time.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101).
(a)Filed herewith.
(b)Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(c)Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) interactive data files: (i) the Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, (ii) the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, (iii) the Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, (iv) the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, (v) the Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.