(1) Loans payable consist primarily of notes payable to various international and domestic financial institutions. It is not practicable to aggregate these notes and calculate a quarterly weighted-average interest rate.
(2) The weighted-average interest rate, inclusive of all brokerage fees, was 5.25 percent and 5.43 percent at September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Our committed credit facilities provide access up to $4.0 billion, including our $2.0 billion 364-day facility that expires June 2, 2025, and our $2.0 billion five-year facility that expires on June 3, 2029. We intend to maintain credit facilities at the current or higher aggregate amounts by renewing or replacing these facilities at or before expiration. These revolving credit facilities are maintained primarily to provide backup liquidity for our commercial paper borrowings and general corporate purposes. There were no outstanding borrowings under these facilities at September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. At September 30, 2024, the $1.6 billion of outstanding commercial paper effectively reduced the $4.0 billion of revolving credit capacity to $2.4 billion.
At September 30, 2024, we also had an additional $527 million available for borrowings under our international and other domestic credit facilities.
Based on borrowing rates currently available to us for bank loans with similar terms and average maturities, considering our risk premium, the fair values and carrying values of total debt, including current maturities, were as follows:
In millions
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Fair value of total debt (1)
$
7,426
$
6,375
Carrying value of total debt
7,587
6,696
(1) The fair value of debt is derived from Level 2 input measures.
NOTE 10. PRODUCT WARRANTY LIABILITY
A tabular reconciliation of the product warranty liability, including the deferred revenue related to our extended warranty coverage and accrued product campaigns, was as follows:
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures," to enhance disclosures for significant segment expenses for all public entities required to report segment information in accordance with ASC 280. The standard did not change the definition of a segment, the method for determining segments or the criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Retrospective adoption is required for all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We plan to adopt the standard beginning with our 2024 Form 10-K. The adoption is not expected to have a material impact to our financial statements or disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements in Income Tax Disclosures," to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This amendment requires public companies to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Additionally, under the amendment, entities are required to disclose the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes, as well as disaggregated by material individual jurisdictions. Finally, the amendment requires entities to disclose income from continuing operations before income tax expense disaggregated between domestic and foreign and income tax expense from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign. The new rules are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We will adopt this standard on a prospective basis as allowed by the standard beginning with our 2025 Form 10-K. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
•challenging markets for talent and ability to attract, develop and retain key personnel;
•exposure to potential security breaches or other disruptions to our information technology environment and data security;
•political, economic and other risks from operations in numerous countries including political, economic and social uncertainty and the evolving globalization of our business;
•competitor activity;
•increasing competition, including increased global competition among our customers in emerging markets;
•failure to meet environmental, social and governance (ESG) expectations or standards, or achieve our ESG goals;
•labor relations or work stoppages;
•foreign currency exchange rate changes;
•the performance of our pension plan assets and volatility of discount rates;
•the price and availability of energy;
•continued availability of financing, financial instruments and financial resources in the amounts, at the times and on the terms required to support our future business; and
•other risk factors described in Part II, Item 1A in this quarterly report and our 2023 Form 10-K, Part I, Item 1A, both under the caption "Risk Factors."
Shareholders, potential investors and other readers are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made herein are made only as of the date of this quarterly report and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
limit the impact from a drop in demand in any one industry, region, the economy of any single country or customer on our consolidated results.
Divestiture of Atmus
On March 18, 2024, we completed the divestiture of our remaining 80.5 percent ownership of Atmus Filtration Technologies Inc. (Atmus) common stock through a tax-free split-off. The exchange resulted in a reduction of shares of our common stock outstanding by 5.6 million shares and a gain of approximately $1.3 billion. See NOTE 14, "ATMUS INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (IPO) AND DIVESTITURE," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Settlement Agreements
In December 2023, we announced that we reached an agreement in principle with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the California Air Resources Board (CARB), the Environmental and Natural Resources Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and the California Attorney General’s Office to resolve certain regulatory civil claims regarding our emissions certification and compliance process for certain engines primarily used in pick-up truck applications in the U.S., which became final and effective in April 2024 (collectively, the Settlement Agreements). In the second quarter of 2024, we made $1.9 billion of payments required by the Settlement Agreements. See NOTE 11, “COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
In the second quarter of 2024, we settled $400 million of interest rate swaps and paid $400 million of our related term loan due in 2025. See NOTE 9, “DEBT,” and NOTE 13, "DERIVATIVES," to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
On February 20, 2024, we issued $2.25 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes consisting of $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.90 percent senior unsecured notes due in 2029, $750 million aggregate principal amount of 5.15 percent senior unsecured notes due in 2034 and $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.45 percent senior unsecured notes due in 2054. We received net proceeds of $2.2 billion. See NOTE 9, "DEBT," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
In the first nine months of 2024, the investment gain on our U.S. pension trusts was 6.3 percent, while our U.K. pension trusts' loss was 3.3 percent. We anticipate making additional defined benefit pension contributions during the remainder of 2024 of $14 million for our U.S. and U.K. qualified and non-qualified pension plans. We expect our 2024 annual net periodic pension cost to approximate $34 million.
As of the date of this filing, our credit ratings and outlooks from the credit rating agencies remain unchanged.
•Engine segment sales increased 1 percent largely due to stronger demand in North American medium-duty truck markets, partially offset by lower demand in global construction markets and North American heavy-duty and light-duty automotive truck markets.
These increases were partially offset by decreased Components segment sales of 12 percent mainly due to the divestiture of Atmus on March 18, 2024.
Gross margin increased $100 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and increased 1.1 points as a percentage of net sales versus the comparable period in 2023. The increases in gross margin and gross margin as a percentage of sales were primarily due to favorable pricing and higher volumes, partially offset by the divestiture of Atmus and higher compensation expenses. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.
Gross margin increased $157 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and increased 0.5 points as a percentage of sales versus the comparable period in 2023. The increases in gross margin and gross margin as a percentage of sales were primarily due to favorable pricing, lower material costs and higher volumes, partially offset by higher compensation expenses, the divestiture of Atmus and increased product coverage.
The provision for base warranties issued as a percent of sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, was 1.9 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively, compared to 1.9 percent and 1.8 percent for the comparable periods in 2023.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $24 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, versus the comparable period in 2023, primarily due to lower consulting expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $17 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, versus the comparable period in 2023, primarily due to higher compensation expenses. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.
Research, Development and Engineering Expenses
Research, development and engineering expenses decreased $17 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, versus the comparable period in 2023, primarily due to lower spending on prototypes and external testing and decreased compensation expenses, partially offset by lower expense recoveries. Research, development and engineering expenses decreased $3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, versus the comparable period in 2023, primarily due to lower spending on external testing. Compensation and related expenses included salaries, fringe benefits and variable compensation.
Research activities continue to focus on development of new products and improvements of current technologies to meet future emission standards around the world, improvements in fuel economy performance of diesel and natural gas-powered engines and related components, as well as development activities around hydrogen engine solutions, battery electric, fuel cell electric and hydrogen production technologies.
Equity, Royalty and Interest Income from Investees
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees decreased $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, versus the comparable period in 2023, primarily due to lower royalty and interest income from investees and start-up costs at Amplify Cell Technologies LLC, partially offset by higher earnings at Chongqing Cummins Engine Co., Ltd. See NOTE 4, "EQUITY, ROYALTY AND INTEREST INCOME FROM INVESTEES," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The nine months ended September 30, 2024, contained net favorable discrete tax items primarily due to the $1.3 billion non-taxable gain on the Atmus split-off. Other discrete tax items were net favorable by $66 million, primarily due to $21 million of favorable adjustments related to audit settlements, $20 million of favorable adjustments from tax return amendments, $18 million of favorable return to provision adjustments and $17 million of favorable share-based compensation tax benefits, partially offset by $7 million of unfavorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions and $3 million of other unfavorable adjustments.
The three months ended September 30, 2023, contained net favorable discrete tax items of $5 million, primarily due to $13 million of favorable return to provision adjustments and $1 million of favorable share-based compensation tax benefits, partially offset by $9 million of unfavorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions.
The nine months ended September 30, 2023, contained net favorable discrete tax items of $5 million, primarily due to $15 million of favorable return to provision adjustments and $5 million of favorable share-based compensation tax benefits, partially offset by $11 million of unfavorable adjustments for uncertain tax positions and $4 million of other unfavorable adjustments.
Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests eliminate the income or loss attributable to non-Cummins ownership interests in our consolidated entities. Noncontrolling interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, was flat and increased $28 million versus the comparable periods in 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, higher earnings at Cummins India Limited were offset by the divestiture of Atmus. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was primarily due to higher earnings at Cummins India Limited and the absence of losses at Hydrogenics Corporation resulting from the June 2023 acquisition, partially offset by lower earnings at Eaton Cummins Joint Venture and the divestiture of Atmus.
Comprehensive Income - Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
The foreign currency translation adjustment was a net gain of $165 million and $22 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared to a net loss of $163 million and $191 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, driven by the following:
Three months ended
September 30,
2024
2023
In millions
Translation adjustment
Primary currency driver vs. U.S. dollar
Translation adjustment
Primary currency driver vs. U.S. dollar
Wholly-owned subsidiaries
$
134
Chinese renminbi, Euro
$
(142)
British pound, Brazilian real, Chinese renminbi, Indian rupee
Equity method investments
29
Chinese renminbi
(14)
Chinese renminbi, Indian rupee, Brazilian real
Consolidated subsidiaries with a noncontrolling interest
2
Chinese renminbi
(7)
Indian rupee, Chinese renminbi
Total
$
165
$
(163)
Nine months ended
September 30,
2024
2023
In millions
Translation adjustment
Primary currency driver vs. U.S. dollar
Translation adjustment
Primary currency driver vs. U.S. dollar
Wholly-owned subsidiaries
$
11
British pound, Euro, partially offset by Brazilian real
$
(141)
Chinese renminbi, partially offset by Brazilian real
Equity method investments
14
Indian rupee
(44)
Chinese renminbi, partially offset by Brazilian real
Consolidated subsidiaries with a noncontrolling interest
•European sales increased $227 million mainly due to favorable demand in power generation markets.
•Asia Pacific sales increased $140 million primarily due to strong demand in power generation markets, especially data center markets and service volume.
Power Systems segment sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, increased $243 million and $421 million, respectively, versus the comparable periods in 2023, primarily due to an increase in global power generation sales (especially in data center markets).
Segment EBITDA
Power Systems segment EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, increased $94 million and $212 million, respectively, versus the comparable periods in 2023, mainly due to favorable pricing and higher volumes, partially offset by higher compensation expenses.
Accelera Segment Results
Financial data for the Accelera segment was as follows:
Three months ended
Favorable/
Nine months ended
Favorable/
September 30,
(Unfavorable)
September 30,
(Unfavorable)
In millions
2024
2023
Amount
Percent
2024
2023
Amount
Percent
External sales
$
100
$
98
$
2
2
%
$
285
$
259
$
26
10
%
Intersegment sales
10
5
5
100
%
29
14
15
NM
Total sales
110
103
7
7
%
314
273
41
15
%
Research, development and engineering expenses
57
50
(7)
(14)
%
166
150
(16)
(11)
%
Equity, royalty and interest loss from investees
(11)
(3)
(8)
NM
(22)
(11)
(11)
(100)
%
Interest income
—
—
—
—
%
—
1
(1)
(100)
%
Segment EBITDA
(115)
(114)
(1)
(1)
%
(333)
(322)
(11)
(3)
%
"NM" - not meaningful information
Accelera segment sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, increased $7 million and $41 million versus the comparable periods in 2023 primarily due to improved sales of electrolyzers, partially offset by lower electrified powertrain sales.
OUTLOOK
Our outlook reflects the following positive trends and challenges to our business that could impact our revenue and earnings potential for the remainder of 2024.
Positive Trends
•我们预计北美对中型货车的需求将保持强劲。
•我们相信印度的卡车市场需求将继续保持强劲。
•我们预计我们的电力系统业务需求将保持强劲,包括发电和矿业市场。
•我们预计,售后业务的需求将继续保持强劲,这主要是由于我们发动机和动力系统业务的需求强劲。
•我们预计2024年中国对卡车的需求将保持稳定。
Challenges
•We expect demand for heavy-duty trucks in North America to weaken modestly during the remainder of 2024.
•Increases in costs, as well as other inflationary pressures, could negatively impact earnings.
•The financial implications resulting from our Settlement Agreements will result in incremental interest expense for debt utilized in funding the civil penalty.
We fund our working capital with cash from operations and short-term borrowings, including commercial paper, when necessary. Various assets and liabilities, including short-term debt, can fluctuate significantly from month to month depending on short-term liquidity needs. As a result, working capital is a prime focus of management's attention. Working capital and balance sheet measures are provided in the following table:
以百万美元计
2023年9月30日, 2024
12月31日, 2023
营运资本 (1)
$
3,713
$
2,295
流动比率
1.32
1.18
应收账款及票据,净额
$
5,387
$
5,583
应收账款天数
59
58
存货
$
6,134
$
5,677
存货周转率
4.2
4.5
应付账款(主要是交易)
$
4,206
$
4,260
应付账款周转天数
61
62
总债务
$
7,587
$
6,696
总债务占总资本的百分比
40.1
%
40.3
%
(1)营运资金包括现金及现金等价物。
现金流
Cash and cash equivalents were impacted as follows:
Nine months ended
September 30,
In millions
2024
2023
Change
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
65
$
2,507
$
(2,442)
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,069)
(860)
(209)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
564
(1,069)
1,633
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(6)
(67)
61
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
$
(446)
$
511
$
(957)
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $2.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, versus the comparable period in 2023, primarily due to higher working capital requirements of $2.6 billion. The higher working capital requirements resulted in a cash outflow of $3.0 billion compared to a cash outflow of $370 million in the comparable period of 2023, mainly due to $1.9 billion of payments required by the Settlement Agreements.
Net cash used in investing activities increased $209 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, versus the comparable period in 2023, primarily due to cash associated with the Atmus divestiture.
Net cash provided by financing activities increased $1.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, versus the comparable period in 2023, primarily due to higher proceeds from borrowings of $1.8 billion (principally related to our 2024 note issuance) and increased net borrowings of commercial paper of $706 million, partially offset by higher payments on borrowings and finance lease obligations of $995 million (largely related to increased early payments of $950 million on our term loan, due 2025, compared to the prior year).
The effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, versus the comparable period in 2023, changed $61 million primarily due to favorable fluctuations in the British pound and Chinese renminbi.
debt through third-party brokers. We intend to use the net proceeds from the commercial paper borrowings for general corporate purposes. The total combined borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facilities and commercial paper programs should not exceed $4.0 billion. At September 30, 2024, we had $1.6 billion of commercial paper outstanding, which effectively reduced our available capacity under our revolving credit facilities to $2.4 billion. See NOTE 9, "DEBT," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
As a well-known seasoned issuer, we filed an automatic shelf registration of an undetermined amount of debt and equity with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 8, 2022. Under this shelf registration we may offer, from time to time, debt securities, common stock, preferred and preference stock, depositary shares, warrants, stock purchase contracts and stock purchase units.
Supply Chain Financing
We currently have supply chain financing programs with financial intermediaries, which provide certain vendors the option to be paid by financial intermediaries earlier than the due date on the applicable invoice. When a vendor utilizes the program and receives an early payment from a financial intermediary, they take a discount on the invoice. We then pay the financial intermediary the face amount of the invoice on the original due date, which generally have 60 to 90 day payment terms. The maximum amount that we could have outstanding under these programs was $551 million. We do not reimburse vendors for any costs they incur for participation in the program, their participation is completely voluntary and there are no assets pledged as security or other forms of guarantees provided for the committed payment to the finance provider or intermediary. As a result, all amounts owed to the financial intermediaries are presented as accounts payable in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts due to the financial intermediaries reflected in accounts payable at September 30, 2024, were $154 million.
Accounts Receivable Sales Program
In May 2024, we entered into an accounts receivable sales agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., to sell certain accounts receivable up to the Board approved limit of $500 million. There was no activity under the program during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. See NOTE 1, "NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Uses of Cash
Settlement Agreements
In December 2023, we announced that we reached an agreement in principle with the EPA, CARB, the Environmental and Natural Resources Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and the California Attorney General’s Office to resolve certain regulatory civil claims regarding our emissions certification and compliance process for certain engines primarily used in pick-up truck applications in the U.S., which became final and effective in April 2024 (collectively, the Settlement Agreements). As part of the Settlement Agreements, among other things, we agreed to pay civil penalties, complete recall requirements, undertake mitigation projects, provide extended warranties, undertake certain testing, take certain corporate compliance measures and make certain payments. Failure to comply with the terms and conditions of the Settlement Agreements subjects us to stipulated penalties. We recorded a charge of $2.0 billion in the fourth quarter of 2023 to resolve the matters addressed by the Settlement Agreements involving approximately one million of our pick-up truck applications in the U.S. This charge was in addition to the previously announced charges of $59 million for the recalls of model years 2013 through 2018 RAM 2500 and 3500 trucks and model years 2016 through 2019 Titan trucks. We made $1.9 billion of payments required by the Settlement Agreements in the second quarter of 2024. In the third quarter of 2024, we have accrued immaterial amounts related to stipulated penalties we determined to be probable and estimable. Any further non-compliance with the Settlement Agreements will likely subject us to further stipulated penalties and other adverse consequences. See NOTE 11, "COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Dividends
We paid dividends of $719 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. In July 2024, the Board authorized an increase to our quarterly dividend of approximately 8 percent from $1.68 per share to $1.82 per share.
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, were $668 million versus $694 million in the comparable period in 2023. We continue to invest in new product lines and targeted capacity expansions. We plan to spend an estimated $1.2 billion to $1.3 billion in 2024 on capital expenditures with over 65 percent of these expenditures expected to be invested in North America.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2024, that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
The matters described under "Legal Proceedings" in NOTE 11, "COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are incorporated herein by reference.
In addition to other information set forth in this report and the risk factor noted below, you should consider other risk factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. Other than noted below, there have been no material changes to our risks described in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K or the "CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION" in this Quarterly report. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently judge to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
While we have reached Settlement Agreements with the EPA, CARB, the Environmental and Natural Resources Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and the California Attorney General's Office to resolve certain regulatory civil claims regarding our emissions certification and compliance process for certain engines primarily used in pick-up truck applications in the U.S., we have incurred, and likely will incur, other additional claims, costs and expenses in connection with the matters covered by the Settlement Agreements and other matters related to our compliance with emission standards for our engines, including with respect to additional regulatory action and collateral litigation related to these matters. Those and related expenses and reputational damage could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following information is provided pursuant to Item 703 of Regulation S-K:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Approximate
Dollar Value of Shares
that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs
(in millions) (1)
July 1 - July 31
—
$
—
—
$
2,218
August 1 - August 31
—
—
—
2,218
September 1 - September 30
—
—
—
2,218
Total
—
—
—
(1) Shares repurchased under our Key Employee Stock Investment Plan only occur in the event of a participant default, which cannot be predicted, and were excluded from this column.