(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded a remeasurement gain of $2 million on the warrant liability immediately prior to the Warrant Repurchase on July 3, 2024 and a gain on the extinguishment of the Warrant upon the Warrant Repurchase of $14 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a remeasurement gain of $18 million of our warrant liability. For purposes of computing diluted earnings (loss) per share, these gains were excluded from our net income (loss) and the corresponding weighted-average shares were also adjusted accordingly.
We excluded the following potential shares of common stock from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because including them would have an anti-dilutive effect for the periods presented (in millions):
We define a live location, or Location, as a unique location that has used Toast Point of Sale, or POS, to record transaction volumes above a minimum threshold, and has not been marked as a churned location as of the date of determination. A Location can use Toast payment services, which we refer to as a Toast Processing Location, or for select enterprise customers, not use Toast’s payment services, which we refer to as a Non-Toast Processing Location. Customers of legacy solutions provided by companies that we have acquired that do not use Toast POS, are not included in our Location count.
As of September 30, 2024, approximately 127,000 Locations, an increase of 28% year over year, processing approximately $151 billion of gross payment volume in the trailing 12 months, partnered with Toast to optimize operations, increase sales, engage guests, and maintain happy employees.
Since our founding, we have translated our love for restaurants into a commitment to innovation and digital transformation for the restaurant industry. As we have expanded our platform, launched new products, and added new partners over time, we have rapidly grown the number of restaurant Locations on the Toast platform.
Seasonality
We experience seasonality in our financial technology solutions revenue, which is largely driven by the level of Gross Payment Volume, or GPV, processed through our platform. For example, customers typically have greater sales during the warmer months, though this effect varies regionally, and customer sales can be impacted by seasonal needs of our customers (which may also impact the total number of Toast Processing Locations in such a period that contributes to our GPV). As a result, our financial technology solutions revenue per Toast Processing Location has historically been stronger in the second and third quarters. We believe that financial technology solutions revenue from both existing and potential future products will continue to represent a significant proportion of our overall revenue mix, and seasonality will continue to impact our results of operations.
We use the following key business metrics to help us evaluate our business, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in billions)
2024
2023
% Growth
2024
2023
% Growth
Gross Payment Volume (GPV)(1)
$
41.7
$
33.7
24
%
$
116.9
$
92.5
26
%
As of September 30,
(dollars in millions)
2024
2023
% Growth
Annualized Recurring Run-Rate (ARR)
$
1,554
$
1,218
28
%
Gross Payment Volume (GPV)(1)
Gross Payment Volume represents the sum of total dollars processed through the Toast payments platform across Toast Processing Locations in a given period. GPV is a key measure of the scale of our platform, which in turn drives our financial performance. As our customers generate more sales and therefore more GPV, we generally see higher financial technology solutions revenue.
_________________
(1) Please note that numbers may not tie due to rounding to the nearest hundred million.
The increase in subscription services costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily driven by increased employee-related costs.
The increase in financial technology solutions costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was due to an increase in GPV.
The increase in sales and marketing expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily driven by increased employee-related costs.
Research and Development
Three Months Ended September 30,
Change
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Change
(dollars in millions)
2024
2023
Amount
%
2024
2023
Amount
%
Research and development
$
89
$
87
$
2
2
%
$
258
$
264
$
(6)
(2)
%
Research and development expenses remained approximately flat during the three and nine months September 30, 2024 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
General and Administrative
Three Months Ended September 30,
Change
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Change
(dollars in millions)
2024
2023
Amount
%
2024
2023
Amount
%
General and administrative
$
80
$
98
$
(18)
(18)
%
$
229
$
276
$
(47)
(17)
%
The decrease in general and administrative expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily driven by decreased employee-related costs. The decrease in general and administrative expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was attributable to a decrease in employee-related costs of $21 million and a decrease of $11 million in lease termination expenses.
Restructuring Expenses
Three Months Ended September 30,
Change
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Change
(dollars in millions)
2024
2023
Amount
%
2024
2023
Amount
%
Restructuring expenses
$
—
$
—
$
—
N/M
$
46
—
$
46
N/M
N/M - Not meaningful
Restructuring expenses included restructuring and restructuring-related expenses incurred as part of the February 2024 Restructuring Plan, or the Restructuring Plan, substantially all of which relates to severance benefits of approximately $32 million and approximately $12 million of expense related to the acceleration of stock-based compensation for terminated employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Interest Income, Net
Three Months Ended September 30,
Change
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Change
(dollars in millions)
2024
2023
Amount
%
2024
2023
Amount
%
Interest income, net
$
9
$
10
$
(1)
(10)
%
$
30
$
27
$
3
11
%
Interest income, net, remained approximately flat during the three and nine months September 30, 2024 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
The change in fair value of warrant liability for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was driven by a combination of increased stock prices and a reduction of outstanding warrants from the Warrant Repurchase. The change in fair value of the warrant liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to an increase in the value of the common stock underlying the outstanding warrants at the end of the period compared to the beginning of the period.
Other income (expense), net
Three Months Ended September 30,
Change
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Change
(dollars in millions)
2024
2023
Amount
%
2024
2023
Amount
%
Other income (expense), net
$
15
$
—
$
15
N/M
$
13
$
—
$
13
N/M
The gain recognized in other income (expense), net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to the extinguishment of the Warrant in connection with the Warrant Repurchase.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use certain non-GAAP financial measures described below to supplement our condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP and to understand and evaluate our core operating performance. These non-GAAP financial measures, which may be different than similarly titled measures used by other companies, are presented to enhance investors’ overall understanding of our financial performance and should not be considered substitutes for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.
We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information about our financial performance, enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects, and allow for greater transparency with respect to important metrics used by our management for financial and operational decision-making. We are presenting these non-GAAP metrics to provide investors insight into the information used by our management to evaluate our business and financial performance. We believe that these measures provide investors increased comparability of our core financial performance over multiple periods with other companies in our industry.
Net Income (Loss) (GAAP) and Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP)
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, depreciation and amortization expense, interest income (expense) net, income taxes and certain other items that are not considered to reflect our operating activities and performance within the ordinary course of business, such as restructuring and restructuring-related expenses, acquisition expenses, fair value adjustments on warrant liabilities, gain on warrant extinguishments, expenses related to early termination of leases (which includes associated asset impairments), and stock-based charitable contribution expense, as applicable. We have provided below a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted EBITDA.
We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful for investors in comparing our financial performance to other companies and from period to period. Adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors and securities analysts to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as depreciation and amortization, interest expense, and interest income, which can vary substantially from company to company depending on their financing and capital structures and the method by which their assets were acquired. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA eliminates the impact of certain items that may obscure trends in the underlying performance of our business. Adjusted EBITDA also has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. For example, although depreciation expense is a non-cash charge, the assets being depreciated may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new asset acquisitions. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA excludes stock-based compensation expense, which has been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring expense for our business and an important part of our compensation strategy. Adjusted EBITDA also does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt, which reduces the cash available to us; or tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us. The expenses and other items that are excluded from the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA may differ from the expenses and other items that other companies may exclude from Adjusted EBITDA when they report their financial results.
The following table reflects the reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Net income (loss)
$
56
$
(31)
$
(13)
$
(210)
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax
61
74
193
216
Depreciation and amortization
12
9
32
22
Interest income, net
(9)
(10)
(30)
(27)
Gain on warrant extinguishment
(14)
—
(14)
—
Change in fair value of warrant liability
1
(18)
37
5
Termination of leases
—
1
2
14
Stock-based charitable contribution expense
5
10
5
10
Restructuring and restructuring-related expenses(1)
—
—
46
—
Acquisition expenses
—
—
—
1
Income tax expense
1
—
3
1
Adjusted EBITDA
$
113
$
35
$
261
$
32
(1) Restructuring and restructuring-related expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 include $32 million of severance benefits, $12 million of stock-based compensation expense, and $2 million of accelerated depreciation related to facilities.
Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit (GAAP) and Non-GAAP Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit (Non-GAAP)
Non-GAAP Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit is defined as subscription services gross profit and financial technology solutions gross profit, adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense. We believe this non-GAAP measure is useful to view the resulting figures excluding the aforementioned non-cash charges because the amount of such expenses in any specific period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations and such amounts vary substantially from company to company depending on their financing and capital structures and the method by which their assets were acquired. We have provided below a reconciliation of Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to Non-GAAP Subscription Services and Financial Technology Solutions Gross Profit for each of the periods presented.
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Revenue:
Subscription services
$
189
$
131
$
506
$
358
Financial technology solutions
1,067
856
2,963
2,338
Costs of Revenue:
Subscription services
56
43
159
118
Financial technology solutions
835
674
2,323
1,828
Subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit (GAAP)
$
365
$
270
$
987
$
750
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit (GAAP)
$
365
$
270
$
987
$
750
Stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax
5
5
16
15
Depreciation and amortization
8
5
22
11
Non-GAAP subscription services and financial technology solutions gross profit (Non-GAAP)
$
378
$
280
$
1,025
$
776
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities (GAAP) and Free Cash Flow (Non-GAAP)
Free cash flow is defined as net cash provided by operating activities reduced by purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of internal-use software costs (collectively referred to as capital expenditures). We believe that free cash flow is a meaningful indicator of our sources of liquidity and capital requirements that provides information to management and investors in evaluating the cash flow trends of our business. Once our business needs and obligations are met, cash can be used to maintain a strong balance sheet and invest in future growth.
Free cash flow has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Other companies may calculate free cash flow or similarly titled non-GAAP measures differently, which could reduce the usefulness of free cash flow as a tool for comparison. In addition, free cash flow does not reflect mandatory debt service and other non-discretionary expenditures that are required to be made under contractual commitments and does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for any given period.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow for each of the periods presented:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
213
$
43
Capital expenditures
(41)
(31)
Free cash flow
$
172
$
12
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. We also have access to external sources of liquidity through a credit facility as further described below. The following tables present selected financial information related to our liquidity:
(in millions)
September 30, 2024 (1)
December 31, 2023 (2)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
761
$
605
Marketable securities
511
519
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities
$
1,272
$
1,124
Available credit facility
$
330
$
330
Total
$
1,602
$
1,454
(1) Excludes $127 million of cash held on behalf of customers and $56 million of restricted cash.
(2) Excludes $87 million of cash held on behalf of customers and $55 million of restricted cash.
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2024
2023
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
213
$
43
Net cash used in investing activities
(24)
(85)
Net cash provided by financing activities
7
58
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, cash held on behalf of customers and restricted cash
$
196
$
16
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
The net increase in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to cash provided by operating activities of $212 million (which excludes changes in the balance of restricted cash) and proceeds of $84 million generated from the issuance of common stock. This was partially offset by $61 million in cash outflows related to the Warrant Repurchase, $56 million in cash outflows related to share repurchases and $41 million in cash outflows related to capital expenditures. Cash generated from operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was impacted by our net loss of $(13) million, which includes restructuring and restructuring-related expenses of $46 million and a use of cash for working capital, primarily driven by higher deferred contract acquisition costs, resulting, in part, from continued growth in Locations.
The increase in net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period last year, was primarily driven by a lower net loss and an increase in non-cash adjustments, which was primarily attributable to increased fair value remeasurement loss of our warrant liability and increased amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs. This increase was partially offset by cash severance charges paid in connection with the Restructuring Plan and a higher use of cash for working capital. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period last year, was primarily driven by net cash inflows from marketable securities as compared to net cash outflows from marketable securities during the same period last year, partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures. The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period last year, was primarily driven by cash outflows related to the Warrant Repurchase and share repurchases, partially offset by an increase in cash inflows from the proceeds from the issuance of common stock.
We do not anticipate any material changes, or material changes in trends, related to our net working capital requirements, liquidity or cash flows in the near term, other than for items disclosed within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Debt
During 2021 we entered into a senior secured credit facility, or the 2021 Facility, which we subsequently amended on March 2, 2023, to replace LIBOR with SOFR. The 2021 Facility is subject to a minimum liquidity covenant of $250 million, subject to certain additional customary restrictive covenants in connection with the February 2024 share repurchase program. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total available funds under the 2021 Facility were $330 million and no amounts were drawn or outstanding. In addition, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were $5 million in letters of credit outstanding.
Share Repurchase Program
In February 2024, we announced the authorization of a share repurchase program for the repurchase of shares of our Class A common stock in an aggregate amount of up to $250 million. The repurchase program has no expiration date, does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of our Class A common stock, and may be suspended at any time at our discretion. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased may depend on a variety of factors, including price, general business and market conditions, and alternative investment opportunities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased approximately 2 million shares of our Class A common stock for an aggregate amount of $56 million.
Dilution
We calculate our fully-diluted share count on an unweighted basis taking our total outstanding share count in addition to unexercised stock options, unvested restricted stock units, shares reserved for charitable donations and other securities that can be converted to common stock, such as our warrants to purchase common stock. As of September 30, 2024, our fully diluted share count was as follows:
於2022年3月17日,法院發出了一份訂單,暫停州級衍生訴訟,等候下文所述的聯邦衍生訴訟解決。 2024年8月30日, Brian Elworthy我們的 總法律顧問兼企業秘書, 達成共識的保密協議,並收到公司提供的文件。董事會法律顧問在2023年3月1日發給原告漢娜和庫雷西的律師的信函中承認庫雷西加入了索賠,但未就索賠中所涉及的任何指控調查向庫雷西提供任何實質性更新。 根據交易法第10b5-1條例,已編制了一項交易計劃。Elworthy先生的第10b5-1條例交易計劃規定,依據計劃條款,不時出售最多 300,000 股我們的A類普通股。Elworthy先生的第10b5-1條例交易計劃將於該計劃條款下的最多日期屆滿時到期。 2025年5月30日或在交易安排下的所有交易完成之前提前結束。該交易安排旨在滿足10b5-1(c)規則中的積極軍工股。
於2022年3月17日,法院發出了一份訂單,暫停州級衍生訴訟,等候下文所述的聯邦衍生訴訟解決。 With respect to each Underlying, 60.00% of its Starting Value.,對於不可取消的營運及金融租賃,預計未來最低支付義務如下(以千元為單位): Narang家族信託,其中由Aman Narang間接持有的股份由我們 首席執行官,共同創辦人和董事, 達成共識的保密協議,並收到公司提供的文件。董事會法律顧問在2023年3月1日發給原告漢娜和庫雷西的律師的信函中承認庫雷西加入了索賠,但未就索賠中所涉及的任何指控調查向庫雷西提供任何實質性更新。 根據《交易所法》第10b5-1條措施將其納入交易計劃。此10b5-1條交易計劃規定,有時可最多出售 720,000 根據計劃條款出售我們的A類普通股,並於到期日屆至。 2025年9月12日或在交易安排下的所有交易完成前提前結束。該交易安排旨在滿足第10b5-1(c)規則中的積極防禦。