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アメリカ合衆国
証券取引委員会
ワシントンD.C. 20549
フォーム 10-Q
(記入マーク1)
証券取引法第13条または15(d)条に基づく四半期報告書
報告期間が終了した2023年6月30日をもって2024年9月30日
OR
証券取引法第13条または15(d)条に基づく移行報告書
コミッションファイル番号:001-08504001-36557
アドバンストドレナージシステムズ株式会社
(登録者の正式名称)
デラウェア51-0105665
(設立地の州またはその他の管轄区域)
(設立または組織) (I.R.S.雇用者識別番号) (本社所在地の住所) (郵便番号) (Registrantの電話番号、市外局番を含む)
(I.R.S. 雇用主識別番号)
識別番号)
4640 Trueman Boulevard, Hilliard, オハイオ州 43026
(本社所在地、郵便番号を含む)
(614) 658-0050
(登録申請者の電話番号、市外局番を含む)
法第12条(b)に基づく登録証券
各クラスの名称取引シンボル登録されている各取引所の名称
普通株式、株式一株あたりの名義額0.01ドル2024年2月8日午前10時(米東部時間)、同社の最高経営責任者兼社長のスコット・バーバーさんと最高財務責任者のスコット・コトリルさんが、未監査の第3四半期の結果についての会議の電話およびWebキャストを主催します。プレゼンテーション資料は、同社の投資家向けWebサイトで入手できるウェブキャストの一部として提供され、イベント後にアーカイブ版が提供されます。ニューヨーク証券取引所
本登録者が、前述の12か月間(あるいは登録者が当該報告書を提出しなければならなかった短い期間)において、証券取引法第13条または15条(d)で定められた提出すべき報告書を全て提出したかどうかをチェックマークで示し、(2) 本登録者が過去90日間にわたってその提出要件に従っていたかどうかを示します。はい ✓印を付しませんでした場合、登録者の内部統制に関するマネジメント評価を報告するよう求められたことを意味します。
規則405に基づき提出が必要なすべてのインタラクティブファイルを、申請者が前12か月間(またはこの期間より短い場合、申請者がそのようなファイルを提出する必要があった期間)に電子的に提出したかどうかを チェックマークで示してください。はい ✓印を付しませんでした場合、登録者の内部統制に関するマネジメント評価を報告するよう求められたことを意味します。
申告者が大幅高速提出者、高速提出者、非高速提出者、小規模報告企業、または新興成長企業かどうかは、エクスチェンジ法第120億2条の定義に記載されています。(以下のいずれかをチェックしてください):
大規模加速ファイラーアクセラレーテッド・ファイラー
非加速ファイラー小規模報告会社
新興成長企業  
新興成長企業の場合は、証券取引法第13条(a)に基づく新しいまたは改訂された財務会計基準の遵守に対する延長移行期間を使用しないことを選択したかどうかにチェックマークをつけてください。
本登録者が取引所法12b-2条で定義されるシェル企業である場合、はい✓印を付しませんでした場合、登録者の内部統制に関するマネジメント評価を報告するよう求められたことを意味します。
2024年11月1日現在、登録者は 77,536,148 普通株式の発行済み株式数は、未ベストの制限付き普通株式の195,615株を除外しています。普通株式は、ニューヨーク証券取引所で"WMS"という歩み値で取引されています。


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- ii -


「将来に向けた声明」
このフォーム10-Qには将来を見通す記述が含まれています。将来を見通す記述の一部は、「信じる」、「予想する」、「するかもしれない」、「でしょう」、「すべきである」、「できるかもしれない」、「探し求める」、「予測する」、「潜在的な」、「ターゲット」、「展望」、「継続する」、「意図する」、「計画する」、「プロジェクトする」、「見積もりする」、「予測する」またはその他の類似の用語の使用によって特定できます。これらの将来を見通す記述は、現在の事実や現状に関係のない事項、または歴史的事実でないすべての事柄を含みます。このフォーム10-Q全体に数ヵ所で現れ、当社の意図、信念、または現在の期待、特に当社の連結決算や財務状態、流動性、見通し、成長戦略、当社が事業を展開する業界に関する記述を含み、将来の業績に関連する声明をいくつか含んでいます。
将来を展望する声明は、我々のコントロールを超える多くの既知および未知のリスクや不確実性の対象となっています。尚、将来を展望する声明は将来の業績を保証するものではないこと、実際の連結業績、財務状態、流動性および業界の発展が、この書類10-Qに含まれる将来を展望する声明で述べられたものと異なる可能性があることに注意を喚起します。加えて、実際の連結業績、財務状態、流動性および業界の発展が、この書類10-Qに含まれる将来を展望する声明と一致していたとしても、その結果や発展が後の期間の結果や発展を示唆しない可能性があります。我々の業務やビジネスに関連する将来を展望する声明に反映されている実際の結果が、本書10-Qで議論されているリスクと不確実性(「リスク要因」および「財務状態及び業績に関する経営者の議論」の見出し下で)および時折公開されるSECへの他の提出書類に記載されている内容と異なる可能性がある重要な要因が複数あります。我々の業務やビジネスに関連する将来を展望する声明に反映されている内容と実際の結果との間に差異を生じさせる可能性がある要因には次のようなものがあります:
樹脂やその他の原材料の価格と入手可能性の変動、および原材料の増加コストを適時に顧客に転嫁できるかどうか
私たちが活動している市場での一般的なビジネスおよび経済状況の混乱や変動;
非住宅建設市場と住宅建設市場、およびインフラ関連支出のサイクリカリティと季節変動。
既存および将来の市場における競争のリスク;
買収に伴う利益の統合と実現に関する不確実性;
いかなるクレーム、訴訟、調査、または手続きの影響も、このフォーム10-Qの「Part II - Item 1. Legal Proceedings」で説明されているものを含む。
the effect of weather or seasonality;
the loss of any of our significant customers;
the risks of doing business internationally;
the risks of conducting a portion of our operations through joint ventures;
our ability to expand into new geographic or product markets;
the risk associated with manufacturing processes;
the effect of global climate change;
our ability to protect against cybersecurity incidents and disruptions or failures of our IT systems;
our ability to assess and monitor the effects of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics on our business and operations;
our ability to manage our supply purchasing and customer credit policies;
our ability to control labor costs and to attract, train and retain highly qualified employees and key personnel;
our ability to protect our intellectual property rights;
changes in laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations;
our ability to appropriately address any environmental, social or governance concerns that may arise from our activities;
the risks associated with our current levels of indebtedness, including borrowings under our existing credit agreement and outstanding indebtedness under our existing senior notes; and
other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under “Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Fiscal 2024 Form 10-K.
All forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this report and we do not undertake any obligation, other than as may be required by law, to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect future events or developments. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends, or indications of future performance, unless expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.
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Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except par value)
 September 30, 2024 March 31, 2024
ASSETS   
Current assets:   
Cash$613,020 $490,163 
Receivables (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,769 and $4,849, respectively)
357,636323,576
Inventories487,232464,200
Other current assets34,03222,028
Total current assets1,491,9201,299,967
Property, plant and equipment, net955,434876,351
Other assets:
Goodwill617,147617,183
Intangible assets, net328,924352,652
Other assets142,325122,760
Total assets$3,535,750 $3,268,913 
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of debt obligations$11,130 $11,870 
Current maturities of finance lease obligations26,23318,015
Accounts payable273,293254,401
Other accrued liabilities152,091154,260
Accrued income taxes4,5901,076
Total current liabilities467,337439,622
Long-term debt obligations (less unamortized debt issuance costs of $8,737 and $9,759, respectively)
1,255,1181,259,522
Long-term finance lease obligations90,27261,661
Deferred tax liabilities154,574156,705
Other liabilities76,18370,704
Total liabilities2,043,4841,988,214
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 8)
Mezzanine equity:
Redeemable common stock: $0.01 par value; 6,045 and 6,682 shares outstanding, respectively
98,231108,584
Total mezzanine equity98,231108,584
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock; $0.01 par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized; 83,359 and 82,283
 shares issued, respectively; 71,463 and 70,868 shares outstanding, respectively
11,69011,679
Paid-in capital1,255,7941,219,834
Common stock in treasury, at cost(1,219,438)(1,140,578)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(30,689)(29,830)
Retained earnings1,359,1001,092,208
Total ADS stockholders’ equity1,376,4571,153,313
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries17,57818,802
Total stockholders’ equity1,394,0351,172,115
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and stockholders’ equity$3,535,750 $3,268,913 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share data)
 Three Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended September 30,
 2024 202320242023
Net sales$782,610 $780,220 $1,597,946 $1,558,266 
Cost of goods sold488,669 477,543 971,551 924,129 
Gross profit293,941 302,677 626,395 634,137 
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative94,132 91,725 188,184 178,236 
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities
617 123 909 (13,181)
Intangible amortization11,816 12,792 23,711 25,594 
Income from operations187,376 198,037 413,591 443,488 
Other expense:
Interest expense23,156 21,941 45,980 43,653 
Interest income and other, net(6,956)(7,506)(14,072)(11,055)
Income before income taxes171,176 183,602 381,683 410,890 
Income tax expense40,920 47,476 90,806 102,534 
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates(918)(901)(2,619)(2,576)
Net income131,174 137,027 293,496 310,932 
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest792 1,225 1,712 1,478 
Net income attributable to ADS$130,382 $135,802 $291,784 $309,454 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic77,542 78,606 77,541 78,756 
Diluted78,110 79,307 78,194 79,475 
Net income per share:
Basic$1.68 $1.73 $3.76 $3.93 
Diluted$1.67 $1.71 $3.73 $3.89 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Table of Contents
ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited) (In thousands)
 Three Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended September 30,
 2024202320242023
Net income$131,174 $137,027 $293,496 $310,932 
Currency translation loss(46)(4,864)(3,795)(1,632)
Comprehensive income131,128 132,163 289,701 309,300 
Less: other comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest
(1,148)(605)(2,936)446 
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest792 1,225 1,712 1,478 
Total comprehensive income attributable to ADS$131,484 $131,543 $290,925 $307,376 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited) (In thousands)
 Six Months Ended September 30,
 2024 2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities   
Net income$293,496 $310,932 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization85,90573,961
Deferred income taxes(2,270)519
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities909(13,181)
Stock-based compensation13,96016,234
Amortization of deferred financing charges1,0221,022
Fair market value adjustments to derivatives1,024(1,889)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates(2,619)(2,576)
Other operating activities(6,124)756
Changes in working capital:
Receivables(35,565)(43,530)
Inventories(24,750)79,215
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(4,804)(2,228)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities30,14239,629
Net cash provided by operating activities350,326458,864
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Capital expenditures(112,182)(82,625)
Proceeds from disposition of assets19,979 
Other investing activities640446
Net cash used in investing activities(111,542)(62,200)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Payments on syndicated Term Loan Facility(3,500)(3,500)
Payments on Equipment Financing(2,665)(4,458)
Payments on finance lease obligations(11,756)(5,452)
Repurchase of common stock(69,922)(101,564)
Cash dividends paid(24,917)(22,224)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options8,6942,623
Payment of withholding taxes on vesting of restricted stock units(10,576)(8,811)
Other financing activities2
Net cash used in financing activities(114,640)(143,386)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(1,142)3
Net change in cash123,002253,281
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period495,848217,128
Cash and restricted cash at end of period$618,850 $470,409 
 
RECONCILIATION TO BALANCE SHEET
Cash$613,020 
Restricted cash (included in Other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets)5,830
Total cash and restricted cash$618,850 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND MEZZANINE EQUITY
(Unaudited) (In thousands)
Common
Stock
Paid
-In
Capital
Common
Stock in
Treasury
Accumulated
Other Compre-hensive
Loss
Retained Earnings
Total ADS
Stockholders’ Equity
Non-
controlling
Interest in
 Subsidiaries
Total
Stock-
holders’
Equity
 
Redeemable Common Stock
Total
Mezzanine
Equity
SharesAmountSharesAmount  Shares Amount
Balance at July 1, 202379,651$11,654 $1,147,449 10,110$(977,812)$(25,399)$788,780 $944,672 $18,797 $963,469 9,132$148,397 $148,397 
Net income135,802135,8021,225137,027
Other comprehensive loss(4,259)(4,259)(605)(4,864)
Common stock dividends ($0.14 per share)
(11,031)(11,031)(11,031)
Share repurchases507(61,836)(61,836)(61,836)
KSOP redeemable common stock conversion926915,03915,04815,048(926)(15,048)(15,048)
Exercise of common stock options351,7561,7561,756
Restricted stock awards23(69)(69)(69)
Stock-based compensation expense
9,3319,3319,331
Other
(1)(1)(1)
Balance at September 30, 202380,635$11,663 $1,173,574 10,617 $(1,039,717)$(29,658)$913,551 $1,029,413 $19,417 $1,048,830 8,206 $133,349 $133,349 
Balance at April 1, 202379,057 $11,647 $1,134,864 9,539 $(920,999)$(27,580)$626,215 $824,147 $17,493 $841,640 9,429 $153,220 $153,220 
Net income— — — — — — 309,454 309,454 1,478 310,932 — — — 
Other comprehensive (loss) income— — — — — (2,078)— (2,078)446 (1,632)— — — 
Common stock dividends ($0.28 per share)
— — — — — — (22,118)(22,118)— (22,118)— — — 
Share repurchases— — — 981 (109,907)— — (109,907)— (109,907)— — — 
KSOP redeemable common stock conversion1,223 12 19,859 — — — — 19,871 — 19,871 (1,223)(19,871)(19,871)
Exercise of common stock options56 1 2,622 — — — — 2,623 — 2,623 — — — 
Restricted stock awards99 1 — 25 (2,415)— — (2,414)— (2,414)— — — 
Performance-based restricted stock units200 2 — 72 (6,396)— — (6,394)— (6,394)— — — 
Stock-based compensation expense16,23416,23416,234
Other
(5)(5)(5)
Balance at September 30, 202380,635 $11,663 $1,173,574 10,617 $(1,039,717)$(29,658)$913,551 $1,029,413 $19,417 $1,048,830 8,206 $133,349 $133,349 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND MEZZANINE EQUITY
(Unaudited) (In thousands)
Common
Stock
Paid
-In
Capital
Common
Stock in
Treasury
Accumulated
Other Compre-hensive
Loss
Retained Earnings
Total ADS
Stockholders’ Equity
Non-
controlling
Interest in
 Subsidiaries
Total
Stock-
holders’
Equity
 
Redeemable Common Stock
Total
Mezzanine
Equity
SharesAmountSharesAmount  Shares Amount
Balance at July 1, 202482,973$11,687 $1,241,525 11,775$(1,199,469)$(31,791)$1,241,161 $1,263,113 $17,934 $1,281,047 6,386$103,766 $103,766 
Net income130,382130,382792131,174
Other comprehensive income (loss)1,1021,102(1,148)(46)
Common stock dividends ($0.16 per share)
(12,443)(12,443)(12,443)
Share repurchases120(19,950)(19,950)(19,950)
KSOP redeemable common stock conversion34135,5325,5355,535(341)(5,535)(5,535)
Exercise of common stock options261,7161,7161,716
Restricted stock awards191(19)(19)(19)
Stock-based compensation expense
6,9836,9836,983
Other
383838
Balance at September 30, 202483,359$11,690 $1,255,794 11,896 $(1,219,438)$(30,689)$1,359,100 $1,376,457 $17,578 $1,394,035 6,045 $98,231 $98,231 
Balance at April 1, 202482,283 $11,679 $1,219,834 11,415 $(1,140,578)$(29,830)$1,092,208 $1,153,313 $18,802 $1,172,115 6,682 $108,584 $108,584 
Net income— — — — — — 291,784 291,784 1,712 293,496 — — — 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — (859)— (859)(2,936)(3,795)— — — 
Common stock dividends ($0.32 per share)
— — — — — — (24,892)(24,892)— (24,892)— — — 
Share repurchases— — — 420 (68,283)— — (68,283)— (68,283)— — — 
KSOP redeemable common stock conversion637 6 10,347 — — — — 10,353 — 10,353 (637)(10,353)(10,353)
Exercise of common stock options223 2 8,692 — — — — 8,694 — 8,694 — — — 
Restricted stock awards98 1 — 27 (4,640)— — (4,639)— (4,639)— — — 
Performance-based restricted stock units93 1 — 34 (5,937)— — (5,936)— (5,936)— — — 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 13,960 — — — — 13,960 — 13,960 — — — 
ESPP Share Issuance2512,9632,9642,964
Other
(2)(2)(2)
Balance at September 30, 202483,359 $11,690 $1,255,794 11,896 $(1,219,438)$(30,689)$1,359,100 $1,376,457 $— $17,578 $1,394,035 — 6,045 $98,231 $98,231 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1.BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business - Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc., incorporated in Delaware, and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “ADS” or the “Company”) designs, manufactures and markets innovative water management solutions in the stormwater and onsite septic wastewater industries, providing superior drainage solutions for use in the construction and agriculture marketplace. ADS’s products are used across a broad range of end markets and applications, including non-residential, infrastructure and agriculture applications.
The Company is managed and reports results of operations in three reportable segments: Pipe, Infiltrator Water Technologies Ultimate Holdings, Inc. (“Infiltrator”) and International. The Company also reports the results of its Allied Products and all other business segments as Allied Products and Other.
Historically, sales of the Company’s products have been higher in the first and second quarters of each fiscal year due to favorable weather and longer daylight conditions accelerating construction activity during these periods. Seasonal variations in operating results may also be impacted by inclement weather conditions, such as cold or wet weather, which can delay projects.
Basis of Presentation - The Company prepares its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2024 was derived from audited financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2024 (“Fiscal 2024 Form 10-K”). The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments, of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly its financial position as of September 30, 2024, the results of operations for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 and cash flows for the six months ended September 30, 2024. The interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, filed in the Company’s Fiscal 2024 Form 10-K.
Principles of Consolidation - The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, its majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for equity investments where it exercises significant influence but does not hold a controlling financial interest. Such investments are recorded in Other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related equity earnings from these investments are included in Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Recent Accounting Guidance
Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures - In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update (“ASU”) to amend ASC 280, Segment Reporting to enhance segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures - In December 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to amend ASC 740, Income Taxes to enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments may be applied prospectively or retrospectively and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses - In November 2024, the FASB issued new guidance requiring additional disclosure of the nature of certain expenses included in the income statement as well as disclosure of selling expenses. The requirements will be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
2.REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue Disaggregation - The Company disaggregates net sales by Domestic, International and Infiltrator and further disaggregates Domestic and International by product type, consistent with its reportable segment disclosure. This disaggregation level best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Refer to “Note 11. Business Segments Information” for the Company’s disaggregation of Net sales by reportable segment.
Contract Balances - The Company recognizes a contract asset representing the Company’s right to recover products upon the receipt of returned products and a contract liability for the customer refund. The following table presents the balance of the Company’s contract asset and liability as of the periods presented:
(In thousands)September 30, 2024March 31, 2024
Contract asset - product returns$1,828 $1,353 
Refund liability5,219 3,920 
3.LEASES
Nature of the Company’s Leases - The Company has operating and finance leases for plants, yards, corporate offices, tractors, trailers and other equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to 13 years. A portion of the Company’s yard leases include an option to extend the leases for up to five years. The Company has included renewal options which are reasonably certain to be exercised in its right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.
4.INVENTORIES
Inventories as of the periods presented consisted of the following:
(In thousands)September 30, 2024March 31, 2024
Raw materials$114,388 $106,662 
Finished goods372,844357,538
Total inventories$487,232 $464,200 
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5.NET INCOME PER SHARE AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Net Income per Share - The following table presents information necessary to calculate net income per share for the periods presented, as well as potentially dilutive securities excluded from the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Six Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)2024202320242023
NET INCOME PER SHARE—BASIC:   
Net income available to common stockholders – Basic
$130,382 $135,802 $291,784 $309,454 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – Basic
77,542 78,606 77,541 78,756 
Net income per common share – Basic$1.68 $1.73 $3.76 $3.93 
NET INCOME PER SHARE—DILUTED:
Net income available to common stockholders – Diluted
$130,382 $135,802 $291,784 $309,454 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – Basic
77,542 78,606 77,541 78,756 
Assumed restricted stock52 62 76 54 
Assumed exercise of stock options504 618 564 600 
Assumed performance-based restricted stock units12 21 13 65 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – Diluted
78,11079,30778,19479,475
Net income per common share – Diluted$1.67 $1.71 $3.73 $3.89 
Potentially dilutive securities excluded as anti-dilutive
7 23 11 62 
6.RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
ADS Mexicana - ADS conducts business in Mexico and Central America through its joint venture, ADS Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. (“ADS Mexicana”). ADS owns 51% of the outstanding stock of ADS Mexicana and consolidates ADS Mexicana for financial reporting purposes.
On June 6, 2022, the Company and ADS Mexicana amended the Intercompany Revolving Credit Promissory Note (the “Intercompany Note”) with a borrowing capacity of $9.5 million. The Intercompany Note matures on June 8, 2027. The Intercompany Note indemnifies the ADS Mexicana joint venture partner for 49% of any unpaid borrowings. The interest rates under the Intercompany Note are determined by certain base rates or Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus an applicable margin based on the Leverage Ratio. As of both September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Intercompany Note.
South American Joint Venture - The Tuberias Tigre - ADS Limitada joint venture (the “South American Joint Venture”) manufactures and sells HDPE corrugated pipe in certain South American markets. ADS owns 50% of the South American Joint Venture. ADS is the guarantor of 50% of the South American Joint Venture’s credit arrangement, and the debt guarantee is shared equally with the joint venture partner. The Company’s maximum potential obligation under this guarantee is $5.5 million as of September 30, 2024. The maximum borrowings permitted under the South American Joint Venture’s credit facility are $11.0 million. The Company does not anticipate any required contributions related to the balance of this credit arrangement. As of September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024, there was no outstanding principal balance for the South American Joint Venture’s credit facility including letters of credit.
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7.DEBT
Long-term debt as of the periods presented consisted of the following:
(In thousands)September 30, 2024 March 31, 2024
Term Loan Facility$416,750 $420,250 
Senior Notes due 2027350,000350,000 
Senior Notes due 2030500,000500,000 
Revolving Credit Facility 
Equipment Financing8,23510,901 
Total1,274,9851,281,151
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs(8,737)(9,759)
Less: Current maturities(11,130)(11,870)
Long-term debt obligations$1,255,118 $1,259,522 
Senior Secured Credit Facilities - In May 2022, the Company entered into a Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Company's Base Credit Agreement with Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent under the Term Loan Facility and PNC Bank, National Association, as new administrative agent under the Revolving Credit Facility. Among other things, the Second Amendment (i) amended the Base Credit Agreement by increasing the Revolving Credit Facility (the “Amended Revolving Credit Facility”) from $350 million to $600 million (including an increase of the sub-limit for the swing-line sub-facility from $50 million to $60 million), (ii) extended the maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility to May 26, 2027, (iii) revised the “applicable margin” to provide an additional step-down to 175 basis points (for Term Benchmark based loans) and 75 basis points (for base rate loans) in the event the consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio is less than 2.00 to 1.00, and (iv) reset the “incremental amount” and the investment basket in non-guarantors and joint ventures. The Second Amendment also revised the reference interest rate from LIBOR to SOFR for both the Amended Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan Facility. Letters of credit outstanding at September 30, 2024 and March 31, 2024 amounted to $10.5 million and $11.2 million, respectively, and reduced the availability of the Revolving Credit Facility.
Senior Notes due 2027 - On September 23, 2019, the Company issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.0% Senior Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”) pursuant to an Indenture, dated September 23, 2019 (the “2027 Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto (the “Guarantors”) and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (the “Trustee”).
Senior Notes due 2030 - On June 9, 2022, the Company issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.375% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”) pursuant to an Indenture, dated June 9, 2022 (the “2030 Indenture”), among the Company, the Guarantors and the Trustee.
Equipment Financing - The assets under the Equipment Financing acquired are titled to the Company and included in Property, plant and equipment, net on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The equipment financing has an initial term of between 12 and 84 months, based on the life of the equipment, and bears a weighted average interest rate of 1.7% as of September 30, 2024. The current portion of the equipment financing is $4.1 million, and the long-term portion is $4.1 million at September 30, 2024.
Valuation of Debt - The carrying amounts of current financial assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these items. The following table presents the carrying and fair value of the Company’s 2027 Notes, 2030 Notes and Equipment Financing for the periods presented:
 September 30, 2024 March 31, 2024
(In thousands)Fair ValueCarrying ValueFair Value Carrying Value
Senior Notes due 2027$346,388 $350,000 $339,780 $350,000 
Senior Notes due 2030510,905 500,000 502,890 500,000 
Equipment Financing8,113 8,235 10,475 10,901 
Total fair value$865,406 $858,235 $853,145 $860,901 
The fair values of the 2027 Notes and 2030 Notes were determined based on quoted market data for the Company’s 2027 Notes and 2030 Notes, respectively. The fair value of the Equipment Financing was determined based on a comparison of the interest rate and terms of such borrowings to the rates and terms of similar debt available for the
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period. The categorization of the framework used to evaluate the 2027 Notes, 2030 Notes and Equipment Financing are considered Level 2. The Company believes the carrying amount of the remaining long-term debt, including the Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility, is not materially different from its fair value as the interest rates and terms of the borrowings are similar to currently available borrowings.
8.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Purchase Commitments - The Company has historically secured supplies of resin raw material by agreeing to purchase quantities during a future given period at a fixed price. These purchase contracts typically ranged from 1 to 12 months and occur in the ordinary course of business. The Company does not have any outstanding purchase commitments with fixed price and quantity as of September 30, 2024. The Company also enters into equipment purchase contracts with manufacturers.
Litigation and Other Proceedings - The Company is involved from time to time in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including but not limited to commercial disputes, environmental matters, employee related claims, intellectual property disputes and litigation in connection with transactions including acquisitions and divestitures. The Company does not believe that such litigation, claims, and administrative proceedings will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. The Company records a liability when a loss is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
9.INCOME TAXES
The Company’s effective tax rate will vary based on a variety of factors, including overall profitability, the geographical mix of income before taxes and related tax rates in jurisdictions where it operates and other one-time charges, as well as the occurrence of discrete events. For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company utilized an effective tax rate of 23.9% and 25.9%, respectively, to calculate its provision for income taxes. For the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company utilized an effective tax rate of 23.8% and 25.0%, respectively, to calculate its provision for income taxes. State and local income taxes increased the effective rate for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
ADS has several programs for stock-based payments to employees and non-employee members of its Board of Directors, including stock options, performance-based restricted stock units and restricted stock. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense in the following line items of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Six Months Ended
September 30,
(In thousands)2024202320242023
Component of income before income taxes:
Cost of goods sold$1,455 $1,344 $2,796 $2,157 
Selling, general and administrative expenses5,5287,98711,16414,077
Total stock-based compensation expense$6,983 $9,331 $13,960 $16,234 
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by award type for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Six Months Ended
September 30,
(In thousands)2024202320242023
Stock-based compensation expense:  
Stock Options$1,563 $1,307 $2,998 $2,741 
Restricted Stock2,6552,0544,889 4,081 
Performance-based Restricted Stock Units1,8845,0354,108 7,919 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan400381946 381 
Non-Employee Directors4815541,019 1,112 
Total stock-based compensation expense$6,983 $9,331 $13,960 $16,234 
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2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan - The 2017 Incentive Plan provides for the issuance of a maximum of 5.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock for awards made thereunder, which awards may consist of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, phantom stock, cash-based awards, performance awards (which may take the form of performance cash, performance units or performance shares) or other stock-based awards.
Restricted Stock - During the six months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted 0.1 million shares of restricted stock with a grant date fair value of $13.9 million.
Performance-based Restricted Stock Units (“Performance Units”) - During the six months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted 0.1 million performance units at a grant date fair value of $11.6 million.
Options - During the six months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted 0.1 million nonqualified stock options under the 2017 Incentive Plan with a grant date fair value of $7.9 million. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following table summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock-options during the period presented:
 Six Months Ended September 30, 2024
Common stock price$177.38
Expected stock price volatility45.5%
Risk-free interest rate4.5%
Weighted-average expected option life (years)6
Dividend yield0.36%

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) - In July 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved the Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which provides for a maximum of 0.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Eligible employees may purchase the Company's common stock at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the first day or the last day of the offering period. The offering periods are six months in duration beginning either January 1 or July 1 and ending June 30 and December 31.

11.BUSINESS SEGMENTS INFORMATION
The Company operates its business in three distinct reportable segments: “Pipe”, “International” and “Infiltrator.” “Allied Products & Other” represents the Company’s Allied Products and all other business segments. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (the “CODM”) evaluates segment reporting based on Net Sales and Segment Adjusted Gross Profit. The Company calculated Segment Adjusted Gross Profit as Net sales less Costs of goods sold, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation and non-cash charges. A measure of assets is not applicable, as segment assets are not regularly reviewed by the CODM for evaluating performance or allocating resources.
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The following table sets forth reportable segment information with respect to the amount of Net sales contributed by each class of similar products for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended
 September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Net Sales  Intersegment Net Sales  Net Sales from External Customers Net Sales  Intersegment Net Sales  Net Sales from External Customers
Pipe$425,099 $(14,611)$410,488 $427,997 $(12,284)$415,713 
Infiltrator148,690 (20,198)128,492 133,731 (17,553)116,178 
International
International - Pipe44,445 (3,437)41,008 52,407 (3,284)49,123 
International - Allied Products & Other15,613 (68)15,545 17,025 (14)17,011 
Total International60,058 (3,505)56,553 69,432 (3,298)66,134 
Allied Products & Other191,114 (4,037)187,077 185,696 (3,501)182,195 
Intersegment Eliminations(42,351)42,351 — (36,636)36,636 — 
Total Consolidated$782,610 $ $782,610 $780,220 $ $780,220 
Six Months Ended
September 30, 2024September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Net SalesIntersegment Net SalesNet Sales from External CustomersNet SalesIntersegment Net SalesNet Sales from External Customers
Pipe$871,278 $(29,365)$841,913 $856,569 $(20,043)$836,526 
Infiltrator303,720 (45,010)258,710 275,217 (36,131)239,086 
International
International - Pipe88,372 (7,290)81,082 89,585 (3,799)85,786 
International - Allied Products & Other33,292 (116)33,176 32,623 (26)32,597 
Total International121,664 (7,406)114,258 122,208 (3,825)118,383 
Allied Products & Other391,687 (8,622)383,065 369,141 (4,870)364,271 
Intersegment Eliminations(90,403)90,403 — (64,869)64,869 — 
Total Consolidated$1,597,946 $ $1,597,946 $1,558,266 $ $1,558,266 
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The following sets forth certain financial information attributable to the reportable segments for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Six Months Ended
September 30,
(In thousands) 2024202320242023
Segment Adjusted Gross Profit  
Pipe$115,422 $125,856 $257,659 $286,505 
Infiltrator86,135 73,663 172,550 147,927 
International17,445 21,339 37,108 37,368 
Allied Products & Other107,324 106,239 221,191 212,424 
Intersegment Eliminations(394)(454)(1,569)(2,509)
Total$325,932 $326,643 $686,939 $681,715 
Depreciation and Amortization
Pipe$21,033 $13,663 $38,998 $28,391 
Infiltrator6,164 5,534 12,359 10,892 
International1,556 1,236 2,921 2,474 
Allied Products & Other(a)
16,054 16,288 31,627 32,204 
Total$44,807 $36,721 $85,905 $73,961 
Capital Expenditures
Pipe$39,910 $23,809 $75,398 $53,413 
Infiltrator1,915 6,042 5,519 11,496 
International2,126 1,786 3,317 2,935 
Allied Products & Other(a)
10,516 8,910 27,948 14,781 
Total$54,467 $40,547 $112,182 $82,625 
(a)Includes depreciation, amortization and capital expenditures not allocated to a reportable segment. The amortization expense of Infiltrator intangible assets is included in Allied Products & Other.
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Six Months Ended
September 30,
(In thousands)2024202320242023
Reconciliation of Segment Adjusted Gross Profit:
Total Gross Profit$293,941 $302,677 $626,395 $634,137 
Depreciation and Amortization30,53622,62257,74845,421
Stock-based compensation expense1,4551,3442,7962,157
Total Segment Adjusted Gross Profit$325,932 $326,643 $686,939 $681,715 

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12.SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information for the six months ended September 30 were as follows:
(In thousands)20242023
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information - cash paid:
Cash paid for income taxes$83,740 $78,300 
Cash paid for interest45,19233,464
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities:
Repurchase of common stock pending settlement7,500
Share repurchase excise tax accrual83843
ESPP Share Issuance2,964
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment under finance lease48,4689,827
Balance in accounts payable for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment28,35425,199

13.SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Acquisition of Orenco - On October 1, 2024, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Infiltrator, completed the acquisition of Orenco Systems, Inc. (“Orenco”), a leading manufacturer of advanced onsite septic wastewater treatment products serving residential and non-residential end markets. The preliminary fair value of consideration transferred was approximately $250 million and funded from cash on hand. Orenco will be included in the Infiltrator reportable segment. The Company will account for the transaction as a business combination in the third quarter of fiscal 2025.
Common Stock Dividend - Subsequent to the end of the quarter, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.16 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable on December 13, 2024, to stockholders of record at the close of business on November 29, 2024.
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Item 2.         Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Unless the context otherwise indicates or requires, as used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”), the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” “ADS” and the “Company” refer to Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. and its directly- and indirectly-owned subsidiaries as a combined entity, except where it is clear that the terms mean only Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. exclusive of its subsidiaries. We consolidate our joint ventures for purposes of GAAP, except for our South American Joint Venture.
Our fiscal year begins on April 1 and ends on March 31. Unless otherwise noted, references to “year” pertain to our fiscal year. For example, 2025 refers to fiscal 2025, which is the period from April 1, 2024 to March 31, 2025.
The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related footnotes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Fiscal 2024 Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on May 16, 2024. In addition to historical condensed consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. For more information, see the section entitled “Forward Looking Statements.”
Overview
ADS is the leading manufacturer of innovative water management solutions in the stormwater and onsite septic wastewater industries, providing superior drainage solutions for use in the construction and agriculture marketplaces. Our innovative products, for which we hold many patents, are used across a broad range of end markets and applications, including non-residential, infrastructure and agriculture applications. We have established a leading position in many of these end markets by leveraging our national sales and distribution platform, industry-acclaimed engineering support, overall product breadth and scale plus manufacturing excellence.
Executive Summary
Second Quarter Fiscal 2025 Results
Net sales increased 0.3% to $782.6 million
Net income decreased 4.3% to $131.2 million
Net income per diluted share decreased 2.3% to $1.67
Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, decreased 0.3% to $245.6 million
Net sales increased $2.4 million, or 0.3%, to $782.6 million, as compared to $780.2 million in the prior year quarter. Domestic pipe sales decreased $5.2 million, or 1.3%, to $410.5 million. Domestic allied products & other sales increased $4.9 million, or 2.7%, to $187.1 million. Infiltrator sales increased $12.3 million, or 10.6%, to $128.5 million. The overall increase in domestic net sales was primarily driven by demand in the residential and infrastructure end markets. International sales decreased $9.6 million, or 14.5%, to $56.6 million.
Gross profit decreased $8.7 million, or 2.9%, to $293.9 million as compared to $302.7 million in the prior year. The decrease in gross profit is primarily driven by unfavorable pricing and material cost, partially offset by favorable manufacturing costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.4 million, or 2.6% to $94.1 million, as compared to $91.7 million. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses were largely flat at 12.0% as compared to 11.8% in the prior year.
Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, decreased $0.7 million, or 0.3%, to $245.6 million, as compared to $246.3 million in the prior year. As a percentage of Net sales, Adjusted EBITDA was 31.4% as compared to 31.6% in the prior year.
Year-to-date Fiscal 2025 Results
Net sales increased 2.5% to $1,597.9 million
Net income decreased 5.6% to $293.5 million
Net income per diluted share decreased 4.1% to $3.73
Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, decreased 1.2% to $521.0 million
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Net sales increased $39.7 million, or 2.5%, to $1,597.9 million, as compared to $1,558.3 million in the prior year. Domestic pipe sales increased $5.4 million, or 0.6%, to $841.9 million. Domestic allied products & other sales increased $18.8 million, or 5.2%, to $383.1 million. Infiltrator sales increased $19.6 million, or 8.2%, to $258.7 million. The overall increase in domestic net sales was primarily driven by demand in the residential and infrastructure end markets. International sales decreased $4.1 million, or 3.5%, to $114.3 million.
Gross profit decreased $7.7 million, or 1.2%, to $626.4 million as compared to $634.1 million in the prior year. The decrease in gross profit is primarily driven by unfavorable pricing and material cost, partially offset by favorable manufacturing costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $9.9 million, or 5.6% to $188.2 million, as compared to $178.2 million. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses were largely flat at 11.8% as compared to 11.4% in the prior year.
Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, decreased $6.5 million, or 1.2%, to $521.0 million, as compared to $527.6 million in the prior year. As a percentage of Net sales, Adjusted EBITDA was 32.6% as compared to 33.9% in the prior year.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
The following table summarizes our operating results as a percentage of Net sales that have been derived from our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods presented. We believe this presentation is useful to investors in comparing historical results.
Consolidated Statements of Operations data:
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)2024 2023
Net sales$782,610 100.0 %$780,220  100.0 %
Cost of goods sold488,669 62.4 477,543 61.2 
Gross profit293,941 37.6 302,677 38.8 
Selling, general and administrative94,132 12.0 91,725 11.8 
Loss on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities
617 0.1 123 — 
Intangible amortization11,816 1.5 12,792 1.6 
Income from operations187,376 23.9 198,037 25.4 
Interest expense23,156 3.0 21,941 2.8 
Interest income and other, net(6,956)(0.9)(7,506)(1.0)
Income before income taxes171,176 21.9 183,602 23.5 
Income tax expense40,920 5.2 47,476 6.1 
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates(918)(0.1)(901)(0.1)
Net income131,174 16.8 137,027 17.6 
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest792 0.1 1,225 0.2 
Net income attributable to ADS$130,382 16.7 %$135,802 17.4 %
Net sales - The following table presents Net sales to external customers by reportable segment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
(Amounts in thousands)2024 2023 $ Variance% Variance
Pipe$410,488  $415,713  $(5,225) (1.3)%
Infiltrator128,492  116,178  12,314  10.6 
International56,553  66,134 (9,581)(14.5)
Allied Products & Other187,077 182,195 4,882 2.7 
Total Consolidated$782,610 $780,220 $2,390 0.3 %

Our consolidated Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $2.4 million, or 0.3%, compared to the same period in fiscal 2024. The overall increase in domestic net sales was primarily driven by demand in the residential and infrastructure end markets. Net sales for Infiltrator were also driven by improved price/mix, while the
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volume growth in Domestic Pipe was offset by unfavorable price/mix impact. For the international segment, the decrease was driven by decreased volume as well as unfavorable price/mix.
Cost of goods sold and Gross profit - The following table presents gross profit by reportable segment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
(Amounts in thousands)2024 2023 $ Variance% Variance
Pipe$93,093  $110,193  $(17,100) (15.5)%
Infiltrator79,846  68,038  11,808  17.4 
International15,871  20,103  (4,232)(21.1)
Allied Products & Other105,525 104,797 728 0.7 
Intersegment eliminations(394)(454)60 (13.2)
Total gross profit$293,941 $302,677 $(8,736)(2.9)%
Our consolidated Cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $11.1 million, or 2.3%, and our consolidated Gross profit decreased by $8.7 million, or 2.9%, compared to the same period in fiscal 2024. The decrease in gross profit for Domestic Pipe is primarily driven by unfavorable pricing and material cost, partially offset by favorable manufacturing costs and volume. The increase in gross profit for Infiltrator was driven by volume and improved material cost.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 Three Months Ended September 30,
(Amounts in thousands)20242023
Selling, general and administrative expenses$94,132 $91,725 
% of Net sales12.0 % 11.8 %

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased $2.4 million from the same period in fiscal 2024 and as a percentage of net sales, increased by 0.2%.
Interest expense - Interest expense increased $1.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase was primarily due to an increase in interest rates.
Income tax expense - The following table presents the effective tax rates for the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 2024 2023
Effective tax rate23.9 %25.9 %
The change in the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily related to the decrease in state and local income taxes and the additional tax benefit recorded to adjust prior quarter income tax expense to the annual effective tax rate. See “Note 9. Income Taxes” for additional information.
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Comparison of the Six Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Six Months Ended September 30, 2023
The following table summarizes our operating results as a percentage of net sales that have been derived from our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods presented. We believe this presentation is useful to investors in comparing historical results.
 
For the Six Months Ended September 30,
 2024 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations data:(In thousands)
Net sales$1,597,946 100.0 %$1,558,266  100.0 %
Cost of goods sold971,551 60.8 924,129 59.3 
Gross profit626,395 39.2 634,137 40.7 
Selling, general and administrative188,184 11.8 178,236 11.4 
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities
909 0.1 (13,181)(0.8)
Intangible amortization23,711 1.5 25,594 1.6 
Income from operations413,591 25.9 443,488 28.5 
Interest expense45,980 2.9 43,653 2.8 
Interest income and other, net(14,072)(0.9)(11,055)(0.7)
Income before income taxes381,683 23.9 410,890 26.4 
Income tax expense90,806 5.7 102,534 6.6 
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates(2,619)(0.2)(2,576)(0.2)
Net income293,496 18.4 310,932 20.0 
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest1,712 0.1 1,478 0.1 
Net income attributable to ADS$291,784 18.3 %$309,454 19.9 %
Net sales - The following table presents Net sales to external customers by reportable segment for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
(Amounts in thousands)2024 2023 $ Variance% Variance
Pipe$841,913  $836,526  $5,387  0.6 %
Infiltrator258,710  239,086  19,624  8.2 
International114,258  118,383 (4,125)(3.5)
Allied Products & Other383,065 364,271 18,794 5.2 
Total Consolidated$1,597,946 $1,558,266 $39,680 2.5 %
Our consolidated Net sales for the six months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $39.7 million, or 2.5%, compared to the same period in fiscal 2024. The overall increase in domestic net sales was primarily driven by demand in the residential and infrastructure end markets. Net sales for Infiltrator were also driven by improved price/mix, while the volume growth in Domestic Pipe was partially offset by unfavorable price/mix impact. For the international segment, the decrease was driven by unfavorable price/mix.
Cost of goods sold and Gross profit - The following table presents gross profit by reportable segment for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
(Amounts in thousands)2024 2023 $ Variance% Variance
Pipe$216,145  $255,449  $(39,304) (15.4)%
Infiltrator159,964  136,905  23,059  16.8 
International34,168  34,894  (726)(2.1)
Allied Products & Other217,687 209,398 8,289 4.0 
Intersegment eliminations(1,569)(2,509)940 (37.5)
Total gross profit$626,395 $634,137 $(7,742)(1.2)%
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Our consolidated Cost of goods sold for the six months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $47.4 million, or 5.1%, and our consolidated Gross profit decreased by $7.7 million, or 1.2%, compared to the same period in fiscal 2024. The decrease in gross profit for Domestic Pipe is primarily driven by unfavorable pricing and material cost, partially offset by favorable manufacturing costs. The increase in gross profit for Infiltrator was driven by favorable pricing and improved material cost.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 Six Months Ended September 30,
(Amounts in thousands)20242023
Selling, general and administrative expenses$188,184 $178,236 
% of Net sales11.8 % 11.4 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses for six months ended September 30, 2024 increased $9.9 million from the same period in fiscal 2024 and as a percentage of net sales, increased by 0.4%. This increase is primarily due to higher commissions from the increase in volume, as well as continued investments in talent to support strategic areas such as engineering and product development.
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities - The gain on disposal in fiscal 2024 was due to the sale of Spartan Concrete, Inc.
Interest expense - Interest expense increased $2.3 million in the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase was primarily due to increased interest rates.
Interest income and other, net - Interest income and other, net increased by $3.0 million for the six months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year primarily due to increased cash.
Income tax expense - The following table presents the effective tax rates for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
 Six Months Ended September 30,
 2024 2023
Effective tax rate23.8 %25.0 %
The change in the effective tax rate for the six months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily related to the decrease in state and local income taxes and the increase of the discrete income tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation windfall. See “Note 9. Income Taxes” for additional information.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin - Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, which are non-GAAP financial measures, have been presented in this Form 10-Q as supplemental measures of financial performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to net income as measures of financial performance or cash flows from operations or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net income before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, non-cash charges and certain other expenses. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are included in this Form 10-Q because they are key metrics used by management and our board of directors to assess our consolidated financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry. In addition to covenant compliance and executive performance evaluations, we use these non-GAAP financial measures to supplement GAAP measures of performance to evaluate the effectiveness of our consolidated business strategies, to make budgeting decisions and to compare our performance against that of other peer companies using similar measures. We use Adjusted EBITDA Margin to evaluate our ability to generate profitable sales.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin contain certain other limitations, including the failure to reflect our cash expenditures, cash requirements for working capital needs, cash expenditures to replace assets being depreciated and amortized and interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest on principal payments on our indebtedness. In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, you should be aware that in the future we will incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in this presentation, such as stock-based compensation expense, derivative fair value adjustments, and foreign currency transaction losses. Management compensates for these limitations by relying on our GAAP results and using non-GAAP measures on a supplemental basis.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net income, the most comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods presented.
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
Six Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) 2024 202320242023
Net income$131,174 $137,027 $293,496 $310,932 
Depreciation and amortization44,807 36,721 85,905 73,961 
Interest expense23,156 21,941 45,980 43,653 
Income tax expense40,920 47,476 90,806 102,534 
EBITDA240,057 243,165 516,187 531,080 
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets and costs from exit and disposal activities
617 123 909 (13,181)
Stock-based compensation expense6,983 9,331 13,960 16,234 
Transaction costs(a)
2,685 52 2,695 2,024 
Interest income
(7,368)(5,137)(13,933)(8,626)
Other adjustments(b)
2,576 (1,284)1,230 32 
Adjusted EBITDA$245,550 $246,250 $521,048 $527,563 
Adjusted EBITDA Margin31.4 %31.6 %32.6 %33.9 %
(a)Represents expenses recorded related to legal, accounting and other professional fees incurred in connection with business or asset acquisitions and dispositions.
(b)Includes derivative fair value adjustments, foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, legal settlements, the proportionate share of interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization related to the South American Joint Venture, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and executive retirement expense.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historically, we have funded our operations through internally generated cash flow supplemented by debt financings, equity issuance and finance and operating leases. These sources have been sufficient historically to fund our primary liquidity requirements, including working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and dividend payments for our common stock. From time to time, we may explore additional financing methods and other means to raise capital. There can be no assurance that any additional financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.
Free Cash Flow - Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that comprises cash flow from operations less capital expenditures and is used by management and our Board of Directors to assess our ability to generate cash. Accordingly, free cash flow has been presented as a supplemental measure of liquidity that is not required by, or presented in accordance with GAAP, because management believes that free cash flow provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our ability to generate cash flow from operations after capital expenditures. Free cash flow is not a GAAP measure of our liquidity and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of liquidity or any other liquidity measure derived in accordance with GAAP. Our measure of free cash flow is not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to different methods of calculation.
The following table presents a reconciliation of free cash flow to cash provided by operating activities, the most comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods presented:
 Six Months Ended September 30,
(Amounts in thousands)20242023
Net cash provided by operating activities$350,326 $458,864 
Capital expenditures(112,182)(82,625)
Free Cash Flow$238,144  $376,239 
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The following table presents key liquidity metrics utilized by management including the leverage ratio which is calculated as net debt divided by the trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA:
(Amounts in thousands)September 30, 2024
Total debt (debt and finance lease obligations)$1,382,753 
Cash613,020 
Net debt (total debt less cash)769,733 
Leverage Ratio0.8
The following table summarizes our available liquidity for the period presented:
(Amounts in thousands)September 30, 2024
Revolver capacity$600,000 
Less: outstanding borrowings— 
Less: letters of credit(10,450)
Revolver available liquidity$589,550 
In addition to the available liquidity above, we have the ability to borrow up to $1.3 billion under our Senior Secured Credit Facility, subject to leverage ratio restrictions.
As of September 30, 2024, we had $23.5 million in cash that was held by our foreign subsidiaries, including $14.7 million held by our Canadian subsidiaries. We continue to evaluate our strategy regarding foreign cash, but our earnings in foreign subsidiaries still remain indefinitely reinvested, except for Canada. We plan to repatriate earnings from Canada and believe that there will be no additional tax costs associated with the repatriation of such earnings other than any potential non-U.S. withholding taxes.
Working Capital and Cash Flows
As of September 30, 2024, we had $1,202.6 million in liquidity, including $613.0 million of cash and $589.6 million in borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Agreement, net of outstanding letters of credit. We believe that our cash on hand, together with the availability of borrowings under our Credit Agreement and other financing arrangements and cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements, anticipated capital expenditures, and scheduled principal and interest payments on our indebtedness for at least the next twelve months.
Working Capital - Working capital increased to $1,024.6 million as of September 30, 2024, from $860.3 million as of March 31, 2024. The increase in working capital is primarily due to an increase in cash, accounts receivable and inventory due to seasonality offset by changes in accounts payable due to the timing of payments.
 Six Months Ended September 30,
(Amounts in thousands)20242023
Net cash provided by operating activities$350,326 $458,864 
Net cash used in investing activities(111,542)(62,200)
Net cash used in financing activities(114,640)(143,386)
Operating Cash Flows - Cash flows from operating activities decreased $108.5 million during the six months ended September 30, 2024 primarily driven by investment in inventory.
Investing Cash Flows - Cash flows used in investing activities during the six months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $49.3 million compared to the same period in fiscal 2024. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to increased capital expenditures in fiscal 2025 and the sale of Spartan Concrete in fiscal 2024.
Capital expenditures totaled $112.2 million and $82.6 million for the six months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our capital expenditures for the six months ended September 30, 2024 were used primarily to support facility expansions, equipment replacements and technology improvement initiatives. We also acquired $48.5 million of property, plant and equipment under finance leases, which includes transportation equipment to update our fleet of trucks and trailers.
We currently anticipate that we will make capital expenditures of approximately $250 million in fiscal year 2025, including approximately $120 million of open orders as of September 30, 2024. Such capital expenditures are expected to be financed using funds generated by operations.
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Financing Cash Flows - During the six months ended September 30, 2024, cash used in financing activities included the repurchase of common stock of $69.9 million, $24.9 million of dividend payments, $11.8 million of payments of finance lease obligations and $10.6 million for shares withheld for tax purposes.
During the six months ended September 30, 2023, cash used in financing activities included the repurchase of common stock of $101.6 million, $22.2 million of dividend payments, and $8.8 million for shares withheld for tax purposes.
Financing Transactions - There have been no changes in our debt disclosures from those disclosed in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in our Fiscal 2024 Form 10-K. We are in compliance with our debt covenants as of September 30, 2024.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Excluding the guarantees of 50% of certain debt of our unconsolidated South American Joint Venture as further discussed in “Note 6. Related Party Transactions” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements. As of September 30, 2024, our South American Joint Venture had no outstanding debt subject to our guarantees. We do not believe that this guarantee will have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There have been no changes in critical accounting policies from those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Fiscal 2024 Form 10-K, except as disclosed in “Note 1. Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
Item 3.         Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are subject to various market risks, primarily related to changes in interest rates, credit, raw material supply prices and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange rates. Our financial position, results of operations or cash flows may be negatively impacted in the event of adverse movements in the respective market rates or prices in each of these risk categories. Our exposure in each category is limited to those risks that arise in the normal course of business, as we do not engage in speculative, non-operating transactions. Our exposure to market risk has not materially changed from what we previously disclosed in Part II. Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” of our Fiscal 2024 Form 10-K except as disclosed below.
Interest Rate Risk - We are subject to interest rate risk associated with our bank debt. A 1.0% increase in interest rates on our variable-rate debt would increase our annual forecasted interest expense by approximately $4.1 million based on our borrowings as of September 30, 2024. Assuming the Revolving Credit Facility is fully drawn, each 1.0% increase or decrease in the applicable interest rate would change our interest expense by approximately $10.1 million, for the twelve months ended September 30, 2024.
Item 4.         Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures - The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) are responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting - There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.         Legal Proceedings
The Company is involved from time to time in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including but not limited to commercial disputes, environmental matters, employee related claims, intellectual property disputes and litigation in connection with transactions including acquisitions and divestitures. The Company does not believe that such litigation, claims, and administrative proceedings will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Please see “Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies,” of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for more information regarding legal proceedings.
Item 1A.     Risk Factors
Important risk factors that could affect our operations and financial performance, or that could cause results or events to differ from current expectations, are described in “Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our Fiscal 2024 Form 10-K. These factors are further supplemented by those discussed in “Part II, Item 7A — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” of our Fiscal 2024 Form 10-K and in “Part I, Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” and “Part II, Item 1 — Legal Proceedings” of this Form 10-Q.
Item 2.        Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
In February 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a $1.0 billion common stock repurchase program. Repurchases of common stock will be made in accordance with applicable securities laws. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 0.1 million shares of common stock at a cost of $19.9 million. As of September 30, 2024, approximately $147.7 million of common stock may be repurchased under the authorization. The stock repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or terminated at any time at our discretion.
The following table provides information with respect to repurchases of our common stock by us and our “affiliated purchasers” (as defined by Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, 2024:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid Per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced PlanApproximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
July 1, 2024 to July 31, 2024110 $165.51 110 $149,403 
August 1, 2024 to August 31, 202410 166.07 10 147,742 
September 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024— — — 147,742 
Total120 $165.56 120 $147,742 
Item 3.        Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.        Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.        Other Information
During the three months ended September 30, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6.Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference.
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
  
 31.1*
 31.2*
 32.1*
 32.2*
101.INS*Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE*Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104
The cover page for the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, has been formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
* Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date: November 8, 2024
ADVANCED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, INC.
  
By:/s/ D. Scott Barbour
 D. Scott Barbour
 President and Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)
  
By:/s/ Scott A. Cottrill
 Scott A. Cottrill
 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
 (Principal Financial Officer)
  
By:/s/ Tim A. Makowski
 Tim A. Makowski
 Vice President, Controller, and Chief Accounting Officer
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