我们认为可能影响或继续影响我们业绩的一些因素包括但不限于:不利的经济条件;自然灾害、全球灾难、气候变化、流行病、能源短缺、体育罢工和其他不利事件;地缘政治事件,包括但不限于俄罗斯和乌克兰之间持续的冲突以及中东持续的冲突、全球供应链中断、通货膨胀、动荡和全球金融市场的混乱;未能留住现有客户、续签现有客户合同和获得新的客户合同;客户决心减少外包或使用优先供应商;我们行业的竞争;由于我们食品和支持服务合同的定价和取消条款而增加的运营成本和成本回收障碍;货币风险和其他与国际业务相关的风险,包括遵守广泛的法律和法规,包括遵守美国《反海外腐败法》;与我们产品的供应商相关的风险;我们与分销合作伙伴关系的中断;我们业务的合同密集性,这可能导致客户纠纷;无法雇用和留住关键或足够的合格人员或劳动力成本增加;我们的扩张战略和我们成功整合我们收购的业务的能力以及相关的成本和时间;与将Aramark Uniform and Career Apparel(“Uniform”)作为独立上市公司剥离给我们的股东相关的风险;我们的员工继续或进一步加入工会;我们因参与多雇主固定福利养老金计划而产生的责任;法律和政府法规,包括与食品和饮料、环境、工资和工时以及政府合同有关的法律和法规;与不遵守适用法律或其他政府法规相关的责任;政府监管框架执行的新解释或变化;所得税税率或税收相关法律的增加或变化;基于我们在环境、社会和治理方面的承诺和利益相关者的预期,潜在的责任、成本增加、声誉损害和其他不利影响;未能在我们整个供应链中保持食品安全;食源性疾病担忧和疾病或伤害索赔;网路安全事件或我们电脑系统可用性的其他中断或隐私被侵犯;我们的杠杆;使我们面临利率风险的可变利率债务;无法产生足够的现金来偿还所有债务;债务协定限制了我们经营业务的灵活性;以及本年度报告表格10-k中第1A项“风险因素”、第3项“法律诉讼”和第7项“管理层对财务状况和经营成果的讨论和分析”以及其他章节中所列的其他因素。这些因素不应被解释为详尽无遗,应与本文和我们提交给美国证券交易委员会(“美国证券交易委员会”)的其他档案中包含的其他警示声明一起阅读。由于这些风险和不确定性,提醒读者不要过度依赖本文中包含的任何前瞻性陈述,也不要过度依赖我们不时在其他地方或代表我们作出的任何前瞻性陈述。前瞻性陈述仅说明截止日期。我们没有义务公开更新或审查任何前瞻性陈述,无论是由于新资讯、未来发展、我们预期的变化或其他原因,除非法律要求。
我们的业务面临着来自当地、区域、国家和国际公司以及决定自己提供这些服务的企业、医疗保健机构、老年生活设施、学院和大学、惩教设施、学区和公共集会设施的激烈竞争。与我们的合同到期或终止后,机构可能会决定运营自己的服务或外包给我们的竞争对手之一。在我们的美国部门,我们的外部竞争对手包括其他多区域食品和支持服务提供商,例如Compass Group plc、Delaware North Companies Inc.和索迪斯SA。在国际上,我们的外部食品服务和支持服务竞争对手包括Compass Group plc、Elior SA、ISS和Sodexo SA。我们还面临着许多区域和当地服务提供商的竞争。
阿比盖尔·A Charpentier 2023年1月被任命为高级副总裁兼首席人力资源官。2021年8月至2023年1月,Charpentier女士担任Aramark United States Food & facilities人力资源和多元化高级副总裁。Charpentier女士此前曾于2018年至2021年担任四季酒店及度假村美洲地区人民与文化副总裁。在此之前,Charpentier女士还于1995年至2018年在Aramark担任多个人力资源和运营职位,包括2017年至2018年在Aramark总部担任人力资源副总裁,以及2014年至2017年在Aramark Education担任人力资源副总裁。
Marc A.布鲁诺 2019年11月被任命为美国食品和设施首席运营官。2018年至2019年11月,Bruno先生担任体育、休闲、惩教、设施和k-12首席运营官。2014年至2018年,布鲁诺先生担任体育、休闲和惩教部门首席运营官。2008年至2014年,他担任体育与娱乐总裁,在此之前,他于1993年至2008年在我们的食品和支持服务业务中担任过各种其他职位。Bruno先生是United Rentals,Inc.董事会成员,宾夕法尼亚州特奥会和亚历克斯柠檬水看台基金会。
•higher income from proceeds associated with possessory interest at one of the National Park sites when compared to fiscal 2022 ($17.3 million) (see Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements); and
•higher income attributed to the Union Supply acquisition as compared to fiscal 2022 ($10.6 million).
These increases in operating income more than offset the following:
•increased inflationary costs in food and labor;
•non-cash charges for the impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and property and equipment related to certain real estate properties ($19.0 million) (see Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements); and
•non-cash charge for the impairment of computer software assets ($8.2 million).
FSS International segment revenue increased by approximately 19.3% during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to base business growth, including contract price increases, and net new business growth. The growth in revenue was offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation by 5.0%.
Operating income increased by $2.0 million during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. The increase was attributable to growth in base and net new business and lower personnel costs from headcount reductions taken during the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and late fiscal 2022. These increases in operating income more than offset the following:
•increased inflationary costs in product and labor;
•greater labor related tax credits provided from governmental assistance programs in fiscal 2022 as compared to fiscal 2023 ($24.1 million);
•higher net severance charges ($18.0 million);
•favorable impact related to a client contract dispute in fiscal 2022 ($9.6 million);
•unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation ($7.8 million);
•decline in profit related to the sale of our 50% ownership interest in AIM Services Co., Ltd.;
•higher currency translation losses from Argentina hyperinflation ($7.0 million) (see Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements); and
•non-cash charges for the impairment of certain assets related to a business that was sold ($5.2 million).
Corporate
Corporate expenses, those administrative expenses not allocated to the business segments, increased by $7.3 million during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. The increase in corporate expenses was attributable to higher expenses related to the separation and distribution of the Uniform segment compared to prior year period ($14.8 million). These increases in corporate expenses were partially offset by lower share-based compensation expenses ($6.0 million) when compared to fiscal 2022 (see Note 13 to the audited consolidated financial statements).
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operating activities, funds from borrowings, investments in marketable securities and existing cash on hand. As of September 27, 2024, we had $672.5 million of cash and cash equivalents, $42.3 million of marketable securities, $1,341.6 million of availability under our senior secured revolving credit facility and $600.0 million of availability under the Receivables Facility. A significant portion of our cash and cash equivalents are held in mature, liquid geographies where we have operations. As of September 27, 2024, there were $733.3 million of outstanding foreign currency borrowings. As of September 27, 2024, the 5.000% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 and 3.125% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 mature within one year. We intend to repay, redeem or otherwise refinance the outstanding obligations related to these securities.
On August 2, 2024, we entered into Amendment No. 15 to the Credit Agreement, which refinanced and replaced our approximately $1.2 billion multi-currency revolving credit facility and approximately $225 million Term A Loans due April 2026 into an amended $1.4 billion multi-currency revolving credit facility and $500 million Term A Loans, extending the maturity to August 2029. In addition, Amendment No. 15 increases the revolving credit facility capacity by approximately $250 million and reduces the applicable margin. We utilized the net proceeds from the increased principal amount of Term A Loans to reduce the outstanding revolving credit facility balance by approximately $275 million (see Note 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements).
On November 5, 2024, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which we are authorized to repurchase up to $500 million of Aramark's outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program does not have a fixed expiration date.
We believe that our cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and availability under our revolving credit facility and Receivables Facility will be adequate to meet anticipated cash requirements for the foreseeable future to fund working capital, capital spending, debt service obligations, refinancings, dividends and other cash needs. We also have flexibility to optimize working capital and defer certain capital expenditures as appropriate without a material impact to the business. We believe that our assumptions used to estimate our liquidity and working capital requirements are reasonable. For additional information regarding the risks associated with our liquidity and capital resources, see Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors."
The table below summarizes our cash activity (in millions):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities of Continuing Operations
$
726.5
$
511.6
$
463.9
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities of Continuing Operations
(415.9)
223.7
(745.2)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities of Continuing Operations
(1,561.2)
659.6
(34.6)
Reference to the audited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows will facilitate understanding of the discussion that follows.
Fiscal 2024 Compared to Fiscal 2023
Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities increased by $214.9 million during fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period. The change was driven by higher net income, inclusive of the add-back of non-cash gains and losses and adjustments to non-operating cash transactions, in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period, as discussed in "Results of Operations" above. Additionally, cash provided by operating activities was favorably impacted by the change in operating assets and liabilities compared to the prior year period by $33.9 million, which was primarily due to:
•Receivables by $78.1 million, resulting in a lower use of cash during fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period due to higher revenue growth in the prior year period as compared to fiscal 2024 and timing of collections; and
•Inventories by $31.5 million, resulting in a lower use of cash during fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period due to improved inventory management in the Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector.
These changes in operating assets and liabilities more than offset accrued expenses by $72.8 million resulting in a lower source of cash during fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period primarily due to the increase in income tax payments, higher commission payments in our Sports & Entertainment business, timing of interest payments on lower borrowings, lower advances received in our Higher Education business, the timing of insurance and other payments; partially offset by lower payments related to the annual bonus and timing of payroll taxes.
During fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, we received proceeds of $6.5 million and $21.4 million, respectively, related to favorable loss experience in older insurance years under our general liability, automobile liability and workers' compensation programs. "Payments made to clients on contracts" generated a higher use of cash during fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period primarily due to contract renewals and new business. The "Other operating activities" caption in both periods reflects adjustments to net income in the current year and prior year periods related to non-cash gains and losses and adjustments to non-operating cash transactions.
Cash Flows (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities
The net cash flows used in investing activities during fiscal 2024 was primarily impacted by purchases of property and equipment and other ($427.4 million), acquisitions of certain businesses ($148.7 million) and purchases of United States Treasury securities related to our captive insurance subsidiary ($113.3 million), partially offset by proceeds from the maturity of United States Treasury securities related to our captive insurance subsidiary ($186.4 million) and proceeds from sale of equity investments ($101.2 million) (see Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements).
The net cash flows provided by investing activities during fiscal 2023 was primarily impacted by proceeds from the sales of equity investments ($633.2 million) (see Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements) and proceeds from the maturity of United States Treasury securities related to our captive insurance subsidiary ($80.0 million), partially offset by purchases of property and equipment and other ($383.5 million), purchases of United States Treasury securities related to our captive insurance subsidiary ($110.0 million) and acquisitions of certain businesses ($50.2 million).
The "Other investing activities" caption during fiscal 2023 includes $37.6 million of proceeds received relating to possessory interest at one of the National Park sites within our Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector.
Cash Flows (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
During fiscal 2024, cash used in financing activities was impacted by the following:
•repayment of the 6.375% 2025 Notes ($1,500.0 million);
•repayment of foreign denominated term loans due 2026 ($259.4 million);
•repayments under the revolving credit facility ($166.1 million); and
•payments of dividends ($99.9 million).
Cash used in financing activities more than offset proceeds from the issuance of new domestic and foreign term loans due 2029 ($499.1 million).
See Note 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information on borrowing activities during fiscal 2024.
During fiscal 2023, cash provided by financing activities was impacted by the following:
•distribution from Vestis prior to the separation and distribution ($1,456.7 million);
•proceeds from issuance of new United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030 ($1,089.0 million); and
•borrowings under the revolving credit facility ($101.4 million).
Cash provided by financing activities more than offset cash used in the following:
•repayments of United States Term B-3 Loans due 2025 ($1,664.8 million);
•payments of dividends ($114.6 million);
•repayment of borrowing under the Receivables Facility ($104.9 million); and
•repayment of yen denominated term loans due 2026 ($63.0 million).
The "Other financing activities" caption also reflects a use of cash during fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, primarily related to taxes paid by us when we withhold shares upon an employee's exercise or vesting of equity awards to cover income taxes. Fiscal 2024 also includes the payment of a call premium on the 6.375% 2025 Notes ($23.9 million) and debt issuance costs mainly related to the refinancing of the revolving credit facility and Term A Loans ($8.5 million). Fiscal 2023 also includes debt issuance costs of $8.2 million related to United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030.
We intend to continue to pay cash dividends on our common stock, subject to our compliance with applicable law, and depending on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in our debt agreements, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. However, the payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and our Board of Directors may, at any time, determine not to continue to declare quarterly dividends.
Fiscal 2023 Compared to Fiscal 2022
Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities increased by $47.7 million during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. The change was driven by higher net income, inclusive of non-cash adjustments, in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022, as discussed in "Results of Operations" above. Additionally, cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2023 was favorably impacted by the change in operating assets and liabilities compared to fiscal 2022 by $36.4 million, which was primarily due to:
•Receivables by $232.9 million, resulting in a lower use of cash during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 as the prior year period had a higher use of cash from operations returning following the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions. Both periods were impacted by base and new business growth and timing of collections;
•Accrued expenses by $46.5 million generating a greater source of cash during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 primarily due to timing of deferred income payments, growth in business operations, higher net severance charges recorded in fiscal 2023 and timing of other payments, which more than offset higher interest payments on borrowings; and
•Inventories by $42.1 million, resulting in a lower use of cash during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 as the prior year period was impacted from operations returning following the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions.
These changes in operating assets and liabilities more than offset accounts payable by $276.9 million, resulting in a lower source of cash during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 from the timing of disbursements.
During fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, we received proceeds of $21.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, related to favorable loss experience in older insurance years under our general liability, automobile liability and workers' compensation programs. "Payments made to clients on contracts" generated a higher use of cash during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 primarily due to contract renewals and new business. Fiscal 2022 included $51.8 million of proceeds associated with labor related tax credits from many foreign jurisdictions in which we operate as a form of relief from COVID-19. The "Changes in other assets" caption was driven by higher amortization of client investments due to an increase in investments related to base and new business growth, which more than offset higher cash distributions received from our 50% ownership interest in AIM Services Co., Ltd. in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2023. The "Other operating activities" caption reflects mainly adjustments to net income in the current year and prior year periods related to certain non-cash gains and losses and adjustments to non-operating cash gains and losses.
Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
The net cash flows provided by investing activities during fiscal 2023 was primarily impacted by proceeds from the sales of equity investments ($633.2 million) (see Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements) and proceeds from the maturity of United States Treasury securities related to our captive insurance subsidiary ($80.0 million), partially offset by purchases of property and equipment and other ($383.5 million), purchases of United States Treasury securities related to our captive insurance subsidiary ($110.0 million) and acquisitions of certain businesses ($50.2 million).
The net cash flows used in investing activities during fiscal 2022 was impacted by purchases of property and equipment and other ($311.9 million), acquisitions of certain businesses, including Union Supply ($199.6 million) and other acquisitions ($123.2 million) (see Note 3 to the audited consolidated financial statements), purchases of marketable securities ($78.2 million) and the acquisition of equity investments ($64.0 million).
The "Other investing activities" caption includes $37.6 million and $19.0 million of proceeds received during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively, relating to possessory interest at one of the National Park sites within our Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector.
Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
During fiscal 2023, cash provided by financing activities was impacted by the following:
•distribution from Vestis prior to the separation and distribution ($1,456.7 million);
•proceeds from issuance of new United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030 ($1,089.0 million); and
•borrowings under the revolving credit facility ($101.4 million).
Cash provided by financing activities more than offset cash used in the following:
•repayments of United States Term B-3 Loans due 2025 ($1,664.8 million);
•payments of dividends ($114.6 million);
•repayment of borrowing under the Receivables Facility ($104.9 million); and
•repayment of yen denominated term loans due 2026 ($63.0 million).
See Note 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information on borrowing activities during fiscal 2023.
During fiscal 2022, cash used in financing activities was driven by payments of dividends ($113.1 million) and the repayment of 5.000% 2025 Senior Notes and foreign term loans ($66.7 million), partially offset by borrowing under the Receivables Facility ($104.9 million).
The "Other financing activities" caption also reflects a use of cash during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, primarily related to taxes paid by us when we withhold shares upon an employee's exercise or vesting of equity awards to cover income taxes. Fiscal 2023 also includes debt issuance costs of $8.2 million related to United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030.
The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue preferred stock or provide guarantees; create liens on assets; engage in mergers or consolidations; sell assets; pay dividends, make distributions or repurchase our capital stock; make investments, loans or advances; repay or repurchase any subordinated debt, except as scheduled or at maturity; create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our restricted subsidiaries; make certain acquisitions; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; amend material agreements governing our subordinated debt (or any indebtedness that refinances our subordinated debt); and fundamentally change our business. The indentures governing our senior notes contain similar provisions. As of September 27, 2024, we were in compliance with these covenants.
As stated above, the Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes contain provisions that restrict our ability to pay dividends and repurchase stock (collectively, "Restricted Payments"). In addition to customary exceptions, the Credit Agreement and indentures permit Restricted Payments in the aggregate up to an amount that increases quarterly by 50% of our Consolidated Net Income, as such term is defined in these debt agreements, subject to being in compliance with the interest coverage ratio described below.
Under the Credit Agreement, we are required to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests and covenants. The indentures governing our senior notes also require us to comply with certain financial ratios in order to take certain actions. Our continued ability to meet those financial ratios, tests and covenants can be affected by events beyond our control, and there can be no assurance that we will meet those ratios, tests and covenants.
These financial ratios, tests and covenants involve the calculation of certain measures that we refer to in this discussion as "Covenant Adjusted EBITDA." Covenant Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). Covenant Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income of Aramark Services, Inc. ("ASI") and its restricted subsidiaries plus interest expense, net, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to give effect to adjustments required in calculating covenant ratios and compliance under our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes.
Our presentation of these measures has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. You should not consider these measures as alternatives to net income or operating income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, as presented by us, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies because not all companies use identical calculations.
The following is a reconciliation of Net income attributable to ASI stockholder, which is a U.S. GAAP measure of ASI''s operating results, to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA as defined in our debt agreements. The terms and related calculations are defined in the Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes. Covenant Adjusted EBITDA is a measure of ASI and its restricted subsidiaries only and does not include the results of Aramark. The Covenant Adjusted EBITDA for fiscal 2023 includes the reported results of the Uniform segment prior to the spin-off.
Twelve Months Ended
(in millions)
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Net income attributable to ASI stockholders
$
262.5
$
674.1
Interest expense, net
366.7
439.6
Provision for income taxes
103.0
177.6
Depreciation and amortization
435.5
546.4
Share-based compensation expense(1)
62.6
86.9
Unusual or non-recurring (gains) and losses(2)
(22.8)
(422.6)
Pro forma EBITDA for certain transactions(3)
0.8
4.0
Other(4)(5)
126.7
100.7
Covenant Adjusted EBITDA
$
1,335.0
$
1,606.7
(1) Represents share-based compensation expense resulting from the application of accounting for stock options, restricted stock units, performance stock units, deferred stock units awards and employee stock purchases (see Note 13 to the audited consolidated financial statements).
(2) The twelve months ended September 27, 2024 represents the pre-tax gain from the sale of our remaining equity investment in the San Antonio Spurs NBA franchise ($25.1 million) and the non-cash charge for the impairment of
certain assets related to a business that was sold ($2.3 million). The twelve months ended September 29, 2023 represents the pre-tax gain from the sale of our equity method investment in AIM Services, Co., Ltd. ($377.1 million), the pre-tax gain from the sale of our equity investment in a foreign company ($51.8 million), the non-cash charge for the impairment of certain assets related to a business that was sold ($5.2 million) and the pre-tax loss from the sale of a portion of our equity investment in the San Antonio Spurs NBA franchise ($1.1 million).
(3) Represents the annualizing of net EBITDA from certain acquisitions and divestitures made during the period.
(4) "Other" for the twelve months ended September 27, 2024 includes adjustments to remove the impact attributable to the adoption of certain accounting standards that are made to the calculation in accordance with the Credit Agreement and indentures ($52.2 million), charges related to our spin-off of the Uniform segment ($29.0 million), non-cash adjustments to inventory based on expected usage ($21.7 million), severance charges ($13.0 million), the reversal of contingent consideration liabilities related to acquisition earn outs, net of expense ($8.1 million), charges related to a ruling on a foreign tax matter ($6.8 million), the impact of hyperinflation in Argentina ($5.4 million), non-cash charges related to the impairment of a trade name ($3.3 million), income related to non-United States governmental wage subsidies ($1.1 million) and other miscellaneous expenses.
(5) "Other" for the twelve months ended September 29, 2023 includes the reversal of contingent consideration liabilities related to acquisition earn outs, net of expense ($85.7 million), charges related to our spin-off of the Uniform segment ($51.1 million), adjustments to remove the impact attributable to the adoption of certain accounting standards that are made to the calculation in accordance with the Credit Agreement and indentures ($47.5 million), net severance charges ($37.5 million), non-cash charges for the impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and property and equipment related to certain real estate properties ($29.3 million), income related to non-United States governmental wage subsidies ($12.5 million), the impact of hyperinflation in Argentina ($10.4 million), non-cash charges related to information technology assets ($8.2 million), the gain from the sale of land ($6.8 million), net multiemployer pension plan withdrawal charges ($5.9 million), labor charges and other expenses associated with closed or partially closed locations from adverse weather ($5.4 million), legal settlement charges ($2.7 million), non-cash charges for inventory write-downs ($2.6 million), the gain from the change in fair value related to certain gasoline and diesel agreements ($1.9 million) and other miscellaneous expenses.
Our covenant requirements and actual ratios for the twelve months ended September 27, 2024 are as follows:
Covenant Requirements
Actual Ratios
Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio(1)
≤ 5.125x
1.99x
Interest Coverage Ratio (Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio)(2)
≥ 2.000x
3.73x
(1) The Credit Agreement requires ASI to maintain a maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio, defined as consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, not to exceed 5.125x. Consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien is defined in the Credit Agreement as total indebtedness consisting of debt for borrowed money, finance leases, debt in respect of sales-leaseback transactions, disqualified and preferred stock and advances under the Receivables Facility secured by a lien reduced by the amount of cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets that is free and clear of any lien. Non-compliance with the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio could result in the requirement to immediately repay all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which, if ASI's lenders under our Credit Agreement (other than the lenders in respect of ASI's United States Term B Loans, which lenders do not benefit from the maximum Consolidated Debt Ratio covenant) failed to waive any such default, would also constitute a default under the indentures governing our senior notes.
(2) Our Credit Agreement establishes an incurrence-based minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, defined as Covenant Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated interest expense, the achievement of which is a condition for us to incur additional indebtedness and to make certain restricted payments and does not result in a default under the Credit Agreement or the indentures governing the senior notes. If we do not maintain this minimum Interest Coverage Ratio calculated on a pro forma basis for any such additional indebtedness or restricted payments, we could be prohibited from being able to (1) incur additional indebtedness, other than the incremental capacity provided for under the Credit Agreement and pursuant to specified exceptions, and (2) make certain restricted payments, other than pursuant to certain exceptions. However, any failure to maintain the minimum Interest Coverage Ratio would not result in a default or an event of default under either the Credit Agreement or the indentures governing the senior notes. The minimum Interest Coverage Ratio is at least 2.000x for the term of the Credit Agreement. Consolidated interest expense is defined in the Credit Agreement as consolidated interest expense excluding interest income, adjusted for acquisitions and dispositions and for certain non-
cash or nonrecurring interest expense. The indentures governing our senior notes include a similar requirement which is referred to as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio.
We and our subsidiaries and affiliates may from time to time, in our sole discretion, purchase, repay, redeem or retire any of our outstanding debt securities (including any publicly issued debt securities), in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise, or extend or refinance any of our outstanding indebtedness.
The following table summarizes our future obligations for debt repayments, finance leases, estimated interest payments, future minimum rental and similar commitments under noncancelable operating leases as well as contingent obligations related to outstanding letters of credit and guarantees as of September 27, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations as of September 27, 2024
Total
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
More than 5 years
Long-term borrowings(1)
$
5,262,913
$
959,410
$
914,641
$
2,357,612
$
1,031,250
Finance lease obligations
62,051
8,104
13,192
5,936
34,819
Estimated interest payments(2)
633,200
106,000
275,600
214,200
37,400
Operating leases and other noncancelable commitments
342,138
66,067
107,020
72,623
96,428
Purchase obligations(3)
958,969
431,560
272,828
90,391
164,190
Other liabilities(4)
555,814
167,322
112,289
28,715
247,488
$
7,815,085
$
1,738,463
$
1,695,570
$
2,769,477
$
1,611,575
Amount of Commitment Expiration by Period
Other Commercial Commitments as of September 27, 2024
Total Amounts Committed
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
More than 5 years
Letters of credit
$
85,308
$
65,308
$
10,000
$
10,000
$
—
(1)Excludes the $22.7 million reduction to long-term borrowings from debt issuance costs, $8.8 million reduction from the discount on the United States Term B-8 Loans due 2030 and $0.4 million reduction from the discount on the United States Term B-4 Loans due 2027.
(2)These amounts represent future interest payments related to our existing debt obligations based on fixed and variable interest rates specified in the associated debt agreements and reflect any current hedging arrangements. Payments related to variable debt are based on applicable rates at September 27, 2024 plus the specified margin in the associated debt agreements for each period presented. The amounts provided relate only to existing debt obligations and do not assume the refinancing or replacement of such debt. The weighted average debt balance for each fiscal year from 2025 through 2030 is $4,835.4 million, $4,316.2 million, $3,854.5 million, $2,272.3 million, $1,284.5 million and $536.6 million, respectively. The weighted average interest rate of our existing debt obligations for each fiscal year from 2025 through 2030 is 2.19%, 2.97%, 3.83%, 5.53%, 6.89% and 6.96%, respectively (see Note 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements for the terms and maturities of existing debt obligations).
(3)Represents mainly the commitments for capital projects to help finance improvements or renovations at the facilities in which we operate.
(4)Includes certain unfunded employee retirement obligations, contingent consideration obligations related to acquisitions, self-insurance obligations, and other obligations.
We have excluded from the table above uncertain tax liabilities due to the uncertainty of the amount and period of payment. As of September 27, 2024, we have gross uncertain tax liabilities of $70.2 million (see Note 11 to the audited consolidated financial statements).
We have a Receivables Facility agreement with four financial institutions where we sell on a continuous basis an undivided interest in all eligible accounts receivable, as defined in the Receivables Facility. The maximum amount available under the Receivables Facility as of September 27, 2024 is $600.0 million. As of September 27, 2024, there are no outstanding borrowings under the Receivables Facility. Amounts borrowed under the Receivables Facility may fluctuate monthly based on our funding requirements and the level of qualified receivables available to collateralize the Receivables Facility.
Pursuant to the Receivables Facility, we formed ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary. ARAMARK Receivables, LLC was formed for the sole purpose of buying and selling receivables generated by certain of our subsidiaries. Under the Receivables Facility, we and certain of our subsidiaries transfer without recourse all of
our accounts receivable to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC. As collections reduce previously transferred interests, interests in new, eligible receivables are transferred to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, subject to meeting certain conditions.
Supplemental Consolidating Information
Pursuant to Regulation S-X Rule 13-01, which simplified certain disclosure requirements for guarantors and issuers of guaranteed securities, we are no longer required to provide condensed consolidating financial statements for Aramark and its subsidiaries, including the guarantors and non-guarantors under our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes. ASI, the borrower under our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes, and its restricted subsidiaries together comprise substantially all of our assets, liabilities and operations, and there are no material differences between the consolidating information related to Aramark and Aramark Intermediate Holdco Corporation, the direct parent of ASI and a guarantor under our Credit Agreement, on the one hand, and ASI and its restricted subsidiaries on a standalone basis, on the other hand.
Other
Our business activities do not include the use of unconsolidated special purpose entities and there are no significant business transactions that have not been reflected in the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements. We insure portions of our risk related to general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation liability claims as well as certain property damage risks through a wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary (the "Captive") as part of our approach to risk finance. The Captive is subject to the regulations within its domicile of Bermuda, including regulations established by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (the "BMA") relating to levels of liquidity and solvency as such concepts are defined by the BMA. The Captive was in compliance with these regulations as of September 27, 2024. These regulations may have the effect of limiting our ability to access certain cash and cash equivalents held by the Captive for uses other than for the payment of our general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation liability, certain property damage and related Captive costs. As of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, cash and cash equivalents at the Captive were $94.7 million and $32.8 million, respectively. The Captive also invests in United States Treasury securities where the amount of these investments as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 was $42.3 million and $110.7 million, respectively, and recorded in "Prepayments and other current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our significant accounting policies are described in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.
In preparing our financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that, among other things, affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are most significant where they involve levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or matters susceptible to change, and where they can have a material impact on our financial condition and operating performance. If actual results were to differ materially from the estimates made, the reported results could be materially affected.
Critical accounting estimates and the related assumptions are evaluated periodically as conditions warrant, and changes to such estimates are recorded as new information or changed conditions require.
Asset Impairment Determinations
Indefinite lived intangible assets that are not amortized are subject to an impairment test that we conduct annually or more frequently if a change in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicates that potential impairment exists. For goodwill, we perform the assessment of goodwill at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. The impairment test may first consider qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Examples of qualitative factors include, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, entity-specific events, events affecting reporting units and sustained changes in our stock price. If results of the qualitative assessment indicate a more likely than not determination or if a qualitative assessment is not performed, a quantitative test is performed by comparing the estimated fair value using a discounted cash flow method or market method for each reporting unit with its estimated net book value.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we performed the annual impairment test for goodwill for each of our reporting units using a quantitative testing approach. Based on the evaluation performed, we determined that the fair value of each of the reporting units significantly exceeded its respective carrying amount, and therefore, we determined that goodwill was not impaired.
The determination of fair value for each reporting unit includes assumptions, which are considered Level 3 inputs, that are subject to risk and uncertainty. The discounted cash flow calculations are dependent on several subjective factors including the timing of future cash flows, the underlying margin projection assumptions, future growth rates and the discount rate. The
market based method is dependent on several subjective factors including the determination of market multiples and future cash flows. If our assumptions or estimates in our fair value calculations change or if future cash flows, margin projections or future growth rates vary from what was expected, this may impact our impairment analysis and could reduce the underlying cash flows used to estimate fair values and result in a decline in fair value that may trigger future impairment charges.
With respect to our other long-lived assets, we are required to test for asset impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment are present, we compare the sum of the future expected cash flows from the asset, undiscounted and without interest charges, to the asset’s carrying value. If the sum of the future expected cash flows from the asset is less than the carrying value, an impairment would be recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset.
In making future cash flow analyses of various assets, we make assumptions relating to the following:
• the intended use of assets and the expected future cash flows resulting directly from such use;
• comparable market valuations of businesses similar to Aramark's business segments;
• industry specific economic conditions;
• competitor activities and regulatory initiatives; and
• client and customer preferences and behavior patterns.
We believe that an accounting estimate relating to asset impairment is a critical accounting estimate because the assumptions underlying future cash flow estimates are subject to change from time to time and the recognition of an impairment could have a significant impact on our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Litigation and Claims
From time to time, we and our subsidiaries are party to various legal actions, proceedings and investigations involving claims incidental to the conduct of our business, including actions by clients, customers, employees, government entities and third parties, including under federal, state, international, national, provincial and local employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, ESG-related non-financial disclosure laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes, tax codes, antitrust and competition laws, consumer protection statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety and sanitation laws, cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti-corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws and alcohol licensing and service laws, or alleging negligence and/or breach of contractual and other obligations. We consider the measurement of litigation reserves as a critical accounting estimate because of the significant uncertainty in some cases relating to the outcome of potential claims or litigation and the difficulty of predicting the likelihood and range of potential liability involved, coupled with the material impact on our results of operations that could result from litigation or other claims. In determining legal reserves, we consider, among other issues:
• interpretation of contractual rights and obligations;
• the status of government regulatory initiatives, interpretations and investigations;
• the status of settlement negotiations;
• prior experience with similar types of claims;
• whether there is available insurance; and
• advice of counsel.
We were involved in a dispute with a client regarding our provision of services pursuant to a contract. During fiscal 2022, we resolved the matter by entering into a settlement agreement with the client whereby our obligations totaled $13.6 million, resulting in a reversal of previously reserved amounts of $5.7 million, which is included in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Self-Insurance Reserves
We self-insure for obligations related to certain risks that we retain under our casualty program, which includes general liability, automobile liability and workers’ compensation liability, as well as for certain property damage risks and employee healthcare benefit programs. The accounting estimates related to our self-insurance reserves are critical accounting estimates because changes in our claim experience, our ability to settle claims or other estimates and judgments we use could potentially have a material impact on our results of operations. Our reserves for retained costs associated with our casualty program are estimated through actuarialmethods, with the assistance of third-party actuaries, using loss development assumptions based on
our claims history. Our casualty program reserves take into account reported claims as well as incurred-but-not-reported losses using loss development factors based upon past experience. In order to determine the loss development factors, we make judgments relating to the nature, frequency, severity, and age of claims, and industry, regulatory and company-specific trends impacting the development of claims. The actual cost to settle our self-insured casualty claim liabilities can differ from our reserve estimates because of a number of uncertainties, including the inherent difficulty in estimating the severity of a claim and the potential amount to defend and settle a claim.
As of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, our self-insurance reserves were $248.6 million and $262.0 million, respectively.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and in many foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowances recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We record valuation allowances for our net deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that they will not be realized. We monitor the realizability of our deferred tax assets taking into account all relevant factors at each reporting period. In completing our assessment of realizability of our deferred tax assets, we consider our history of income measured at pre-tax income adjusted for permanent book-tax differences on a jurisdictional basis, volatility in actual earnings, and impacts of the timing of reversal of existing temporary differences. We also rely on our assessment of the Company’s projected future results of business operations, including uncertainty in future operating results relative to historical results, volatility in the market price of our common stock and its performance over time, variable macroeconomic conditions impacting our ability to forecast future taxable income, and changes in business that may affect the existence and magnitude of future taxable income. Our valuation allowance assessment is based on our best estimate of future results considering all available information.
As of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, our valuation allowance reserves recorded against deferred tax assets were $80.6 million and $78.2 million, respectively (see Note 11 to the audited consolidated financial statements).
See Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting standards updates, including the expected dates of adoption.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and manage this exposure through the use of variable-rate and fixed-rate debt and by utilizing interest rate swaps. We do not enter into contracts for trading purposes and do not use leveraged instruments. The information below summarizes our market risks associated with debt obligations and other significant financial instruments as of September 27, 2024 (see Notes 6 and 7 to the audited consolidated financial statements). Fair values were computed using market quotes, if available, or based on discounted cash flows using market interest rates as of the end of the respective periods. For debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows and related interest rates by contractual fiscal year of maturity. Variable interest rates disclosed represent the weighted-average rates of the portfolio at September 27, 2024. For interest rate swaps, the table presents the notional amounts and related weighted-average interest rates by fiscal year of maturity. The variable rates presented are the average forward rates for the term of each contract.
(US$ equivalent in millions)
Expected Fiscal Year of Maturity
As of September 27, 2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
Thereafter
Total
Fair Value
Debt:
Fixed rate
$
923
$
7
$
6
$
1,153
$
3
$
35
$
2,127
$
2,097
Average interest rate
4.3
%
6.0
%
6.0
%
5.0
%
6.0
%
6.0
%
4.7
%
Variable rate
$
45
$
38
$
877
$
767
$
440
$
1,031
$
3,198
$
3,204
Average interest rate
5.8
%
6.1
%
7.1
%
7.2
%
6.0
%
7.2
%
7.0
%
Interest Rate Swaps:
Receive variable/pay fixed
$
800
$
—
$
950
$
500
$
—
$
—
$
2,250
$
49
Average pay rate
1.5
%
—
%
2.6
%
1.5
%
—
%
—
%
Average receive rate
5.2
%
—
%
5.2
%
5.2
%
—
%
—
%
All our gasoline and diesel fuel agreements matured during fiscal 2024.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
See Financial Statements and Schedule beginning on page S-1.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report, are functioning effectively to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. A controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.
(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based upon criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 27, 2024. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2024 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report that is included herein on the following page.
(c) Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during our fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Aramark
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Aramark and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of September 27, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended September 27, 2024, of the Company and our report dated November 19, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
During the three months ended September 27, 2024, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended).
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information about our directors and persons nominated to become directors required by Item 10 will be included under the caption "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Information about our executive officers is included under the caption “Information About Our Executive Officers” in Part I of this report and incorporated herein.
Information on beneficial ownership reporting required by Item 10, if any, will be included under the caption "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Information about our Securities Trading Policy required by Item 10 will be included under the caption “Securities Trading Policy” in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
We have a Business Conduct Policy that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, which is available on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.aramark.com. A copy of our Business Conduct Policy may be obtained free of charge by writing to Investor Relations, Aramark, 2400 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Our Business Conduct Policy contains a "code of ethics," as defined in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K. Please note that our website address is provided as an inactive textual reference only. We will make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of our code of ethics on our website.
The remaining information required by Item 10 will be included under the caption "Board Committees and Meetings" in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information required by Item 11 will be included under the caption "Compensation Matters" in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information required by Item 12 will be included under the captions "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" and "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information required by Item 13 will be included under the captions "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" and "Director Independence and Independence Determinations" in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information required by Item 14 will be included under the caption "Fees to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Financial Statements
See Index to Financial Statements and Schedule at page S-1 and the Exhibit Index.
(b) Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K
See the Exhibit Index which is incorporated herein by reference.
(c) Financial Statement Schedules
See Index to Financial Statements and Schedule at page S-1.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
50
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on November 19, 2024.
Aramark
By:
/s/ CHRISTOPHER T. SCHILLING
Name:
Christopher T. Schilling
Title:
Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Authorized Signatory)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this annual report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on November 19, 2024.
Name
Capacity
/s/ JOHN J. ZILLMER
Chief Executive Officer and Director
John J. Zillmer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ JAMES J. TARANGELO
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
James J. Tarangelo
(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ CHRISTOPHER T. SCHILLING
Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Aramark
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Aramark and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended September 27, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedule II (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 27, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 27, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated November 19, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Goodwill - FSS US Reporting Unit - Refer to Note 5 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company’s evaluation of goodwill for impairment involves the comparison of the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount annually in the fourth quarter of each year as of the end of the fiscal month of August or more frequently if a change in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicates that potential impairment exists. During the fourth quarter, the Company performed a quantitative test to determine the fair value of each reporting unit using discounted cash flow method or market method, which required management to make assumptions and estimates that are subject to risk and uncertainty related to future growth rates, margin projections, timing of future cash flows, the discount rate, and the determination of market multiples. Changes in these assumptions or estimates may impact the impairment analysis and could reduce the underlying cash flows used to estimate fair values and result in an impairment charge. The fair value of the FSS United States (FSS US) reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount, and therefore, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired.
We identified the valuation of goodwill for the FSS US reporting unit as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made by management to estimate its fair value. Auditing the discounted cash flow calculations for this reporting unit
involved a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased effort, which included the involvement of our fair value specialists, as it related to evaluating management’s assumptions and estimates related to future growth rates, margin projections, timing of future cash flows, the discount rate and the determination of market multiples.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the assumptions and estimates of future growth rates, margin projections, timing of future cash flows, the discount rate and the determination of market multiples used by management to estimate the fair value of the FSS US reporting unit included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of internal controls over management’s goodwill impairment evaluation, including those over the determination of the fair value of the FSS US reporting unit, including controls related to management’s assumptions and estimates of future growth rates, margin projections, timing of future cash flows, the discount rate and the determination of market multiples.
•We evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast future FSS US reporting unit growth rates, margin projections and timing of future cash flows by comparing actual results to management’s historical forecasts.
•We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s FSS US reporting unit growth rates, margin projections and timing of future cash flows by comparing the forecasts to:
◦Historical results.
◦Internal communications to management and the Board of Directors.
◦Forecasted information included in analyst and industry reports for the Company and certain of its peer companies.
•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated (1) the valuation methodology used and (2) the projections of future growth rates, the discount rate and the determination of market multiples by testing the underlying source information, and for certain assumptions by developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the rate selected by management.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Philadelphia, PA
November 19, 2024
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2021.
Receivables (less allowances: $34,259 and $31,506)
2,096,928
1,970,782
Inventories
387,601
403,707
Prepayments and other current assets
249,550
297,519
Current assets of discontinued operations
—
620,931
Total current assets
3,406,562
5,220,027
Property and Equipment, at cost:
Land, buildings and improvements
559,201
500,886
Service equipment and fixtures
3,754,357
3,575,516
4,313,558
4,076,402
Less - Accumulated depreciation
(2,740,365)
(2,650,429)
Property and Equipment, net:
1,573,193
1,425,973
Goodwill
4,677,201
4,615,986
Other Intangible Assets
1,804,602
1,804,473
Operating Lease Right-of-use Assets
638,659
572,268
Other Assets
574,154
728,678
Noncurrent Assets of Discontinued Operations
—
2,503,836
$
12,674,371
$
16,871,241
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term borrowings
$
964,286
$
1,543,032
Current operating lease liabilities
54,163
51,271
Accounts payable
1,394,007
1,271,859
Accrued payroll and related expenses
518,912
479,827
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
1,282,842
1,288,454
Current liabilities of discontinued operations
—
395,524
Total current liabilities
4,214,210
5,029,967
Long-Term Borrowings
4,307,171
5,098,662
Noncurrent Operating Lease Liabilities
241,012
245,871
Deferred Income Taxes (see Note 11)
375,378
410,935
Other Noncurrent Liabilities
490,132
503,129
Noncurrent Liabilities of Discontinued Operations
—
1,861,735
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 15)
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
7,494
8,224
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock, par value $0.01 (authorized: 600,000,000 shares; issued: 304,285,195 shares and 301,069,012 shares; and outstanding: 263,939,983 shares and 261,450,373 shares)
3,043
3,011
Capital surplus
3,931,932
3,825,620
Retained earnings
239,709
964,158
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(132,457)
(98,237)
Treasury stock (shares held in treasury: 40,345,212 shares and 39,618,639 shares)
(1,003,253)
(981,834)
Total stockholders' equity
3,038,974
3,712,718
$
12,674,371
$
16,871,241
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 27, 2024, SEPTEMBER 29, 2023 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2022
(in thousands)
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities of Continuing Operations:
Net income from Continuing Operations
$
261,893
$
447,098
$
38,781
Adjustments to reconcile Net income from Continuing Operations to Net cash provided by operating activities of Continuing Operations:
Depreciation and amortization
435,547
409,857
397,975
Asset write-downs
18,186
29,865
—
Reduction of contingent consideration liability (see Note 17)
(8,710)
(97,336)
(20,749)
Gain on equity investments, net (see Note 1)
(25,071)
(375,972)
—
Deferred income taxes
(7,323)
100,158
15,908
Share-based compensation expense
62,552
76,337
82,299
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables, net
(99,788)
(177,873)
(410,803)
Inventories
(3,826)
(35,333)
(77,430)
Prepayments and other current assets
(2,660)
(9,352)
(1,197)
Accounts payable
105,868
115,437
392,343
Accrued expenses
14,420
87,206
40,742
Payments made to clients on contracts
(139,003)
(119,217)
(56,865)
Changes in other noncurrent liabilities
(1,222)
16,313
17,097
Changes in other assets
58,929
43,187
35,278
Other operating activities
56,722
1,272
10,534
Net cash provided by operating activities of Continuing Operations
726,514
511,647
463,913
Cash flows from investing activities of Continuing Operations:
Purchases of property and equipment and other
(427,425)
(383,536)
(311,948)
Disposals of property and equipment
23,945
18,060
16,326
Purchases of marketable securities
(113,303)
(109,998)
(78,220)
Proceeds from marketable securities
186,371
80,000
—
Acquisition of certain businesses, net of cash acquired
(148,706)
(50,194)
(322,822)
Acquisition of certain equity investments
(34,185)
(4,000)
(64,000)
Proceeds from sale of equity investments
101,198
633,179
—
Other investing activities
(3,757)
40,147
15,510
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities of Continuing Operations
(415,862)
223,658
(745,154)
Cash flows from financing activities of Continuing Operations:
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
571,288
1,286,526
100,051
Payments of long-term borrowings
(2,003,566)
(1,902,245)
(124,297)
Net change in funding under the Receivables Facility
—
(104,935)
104,935
Payments of dividends
(99,901)
(114,614)
(113,120)
Distribution from Vestis
—
1,456,701
—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
36,573
45,602
42,954
Other financing activities
(65,590)
(7,408)
(45,107)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities of Continuing Operations
(1,561,196)
659,627
(34,584)
Discontinued Operations:
Net cash provided by operating activities
—
254,782
230,586
Net cash used in investing activities
—
(14,746)
(86,133)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
—
3,322
(21,673)
Net cash provided by Discontinued Operations
—
243,358
122,780
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
10,790
4,697
(28,657)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
(1,239,754)
1,642,987
(221,702)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period(1)
1,972,367
365,431
587,133
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
732,613
$
2,008,418
$
365,431
(1) As a result of the separation and distribution of the Uniform segment, "Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period" for fiscal 2024 excludes the fiscal 2023 "Cash and cash equivalents in Current assets of discontinued operations" of $36.1 million.
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 27, 2024, SEPTEMBER 29, 2023 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2022
(in thousands)
Total Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock
Capital Surplus
Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Treasury Stock
Balance, October 1, 2021
$
2,722,872
$
2,943
$
3,533,054
$
327,557
$
(208,011)
$
(932,671)
Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders
194,484
194,484
Other comprehensive income
96,440
96,440
Capital contributions from issuance of common stock
53,458
33
53,425
Share-based compensation expense(1)
95,487
95,487
Repurchases of common stock
(17,844)
(17,844)
Dividends declared ($0.44 per share)
(115,257)
(115,257)
Balance, September 30, 2022
$
3,029,640
$
2,976
$
3,681,966
$
406,784
$
(111,571)
$
(950,515)
Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders
674,108
674,108
Other comprehensive income
13,334
13,334
Capital contributions from issuance of common stock
56,751
35
56,716
Share-based compensation expense(1)
86,938
86,938
Repurchases of common stock
(31,319)
(31,319)
Dividends declared ($0.44 per share)
(116,734)
(116,734)
Balance, September 29, 2023
$
3,712,718
$
3,011
$
3,825,620
$
964,158
$
(98,237)
$
(981,834)
Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders
262,522
262,522
Other comprehensive loss
(65,629)
(65,629)
Capital contributions from issuance of common stock
45,563
32
45,531
Share-based compensation expense
62,552
62,552
Purchase of noncontrolling interest
(1,771)
(1,771)
Repurchases of common stock
(21,419)
(21,419)
Separation of Uniform Segment (see Note 2)
(853,695)
(885,104)
31,409
Dividends declared ($0.38 per share)
(101,867)
(101,867)
Balance, September 27, 2024
$
3,038,974
$
3,043
$
3,931,932
$
239,709
$
(132,457)
$
(1,003,253)
(1) Share-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended September 29, 2023 and September 30, 2022, is inclusive of $10.6 million and $13.2 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense reported within Discontinued Operations.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
Aramark (the "Company") is a leading global provider of food and facilities services to education, healthcare, business & industry, and sports, leisure & corrections clients. The Company's largest market is the United States, which is supplemented by an additional 15-country footprint. The Company also provides services on a more limited basis in several additional countries and in offshore locations. The Company operates its business in two reportable segments that share many of the same operating characteristics:
•Food and Support Services United States ("FSS United States") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities within the United States.
•Food and Support Services International ("FSS International") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities outside of the United States with the largest operations within Canada, Chile, China, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries in which a controlling financial interest is maintained in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.
On September 30, 2023, the Company completed the separation and distribution of its Aramark Uniform and Career Apparel ("Uniform") segment into an independent publicly traded company, Vestis Corporation ("Vestis"), and the historical results of the Uniform segment have been reflected as discontinued operations in the Company's consolidated financial statements for all periods prior to the separation and distribution. Assets and liabilities associated with the Uniform segment are classified as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 29, 2023. Additional disclosures regarding the separation and distribution are provided in Note 2.
Fiscal Year
The Company's fiscal year is the fifty-two or fifty-three week period which ends on the Friday nearest September 30th. The fiscal years ended September 27, 2024, September 29, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were each fifty-two week periods.
New Accounting Standards Updates
Adopted Standards (from most to least recent date of issuance)
In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2022-04 Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50) to enhance the transparency of supplier finance programs, which may be referred to as reverse factoring, payables finance or structured payables arrangements. The guidance requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose the program's nature, activity and potential magnitude. The guidance was effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. The Company reviewed existing supplier finance agreements and enhanced disclosures with qualitative and quantitative information about its supplier finance program, but the adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers which required that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606") as if it had originated the contracts. The guidance was effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Standards Not Yet Adopted (from most to least recent date of issuance)
In March 2024, the SEC adopted final climate-related disclosure rules under SEC Release Nos. 33-11275 and 34-99678, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. The rules require disclosure of governance, risk management and strategy related to material climate-related risks as well as disclosure of material greenhouse gas emissions in registration statements and annual reports. In addition, the rules require presentation of certain material climate-related disclosures in the annual consolidated financial statements. On April 4, 2024, the SEC voluntarily stayed the effective date of the final rules pending completion of judicial review following legal challenges. The disclosure requirements will apply to the Company's fiscal year reporting beginning October 4, 2025, pending resolution of the stay. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the rules on the Company’s disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The guidance will require improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The guidance is effective for the Company's annual disclosures for fiscal 2026 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures to enhance the reportable segment disclosures. The guidance will require additional disclosures about significant segment expenses. The guidance is effective for the Company's annual disclosures for fiscal 2025 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard.
Other new accounting pronouncements recently issued or newly effective were not applicable to the Company, did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements or are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when its performance obligation is satisfied upon the transfer of control of the promised product or service to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services. In each of the Company's operating segments, revenue is recognized over time in the period in which services are provided pursuant to the terms of the Company's contractual relationships with its clients. The Company generally records revenue on contracts (both profit and loss contracts and client interest contracts) on a gross basis as the Company is the primary obligor and service provider. See Note 9 for additional information on revenue recognition.
Certain profit and loss contracts include payments to the client, typically calculated as a fixed or variable percentage of various categories of revenue and income. In some cases these contracts require minimum guaranteed payments that are contingent on certain future events. These expenses are currently recorded in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)."
Revenue from client interest contracts is generally comprised of amounts billed to clients for food, labor and other costs that the Company incurs, controls and pays for. Revenue from these contracts also includes any associated management fees, client subsidies or incentive fees based upon the Company's performance under the contract. Revenue from direct marketing activities is recognized at a point in time upon shipment. All revenue related taxes are presented on a net basis.
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records an accounts receivable balance when revenue is recognized prior to or at the time of invoicing the customer. The majority of the Company’s receivables balances are based on contracts with customers.
The Company estimates and reserves for its credit loss exposure based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount in estimating credit losses. Credit loss expense is classified within "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)."
Vendor Consideration
Consideration received from vendors includes rebates, allowances and volume discounts and are accounted for as an adjustment to the cost of the vendors' products or services and are reported as a reduction of "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)," "Inventory," or "Property and equipment, net." Income from rebates, allowances and volume discounts is recognized based on actual purchases in the fiscal period relative to total actual purchases to be made for the contractual rebate period agreed to with the vendor. Rebates, allowances and volume discounts related to “Inventory” held at the balance sheet date are deducted from the carrying value of these inventories. Rebates, allowances and volume discounts related to "Property and equipment, net" are deducted from the costs capitalized.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income includes all changes to stockholders' equity during a period, except those resulting from investments by and distributions to stockholders. Components of comprehensive income include net income, changes in foreign currency translation adjustments (net of tax), pension plan adjustments (net of tax), changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges (net of tax) and changes to the share of any equity investees' comprehensive income (net of tax).
The summary of the components of comprehensive income is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Pre-Tax Amount
Tax Effect
After-Tax Amount
Pre-Tax Amount
Tax Effect
After-Tax Amount
Pre-Tax Amount
Tax Effect
After-Tax Amount
Net income
$
261,893
$
673,530
$
194,177
Pension plan adjustments
(12,904)
1,836
(11,068)
(7,960)
929
(7,031)
26,184
(9,071)
17,113
Foreign currency translation adjustments
18,082
—
18,082
28,136
(7,863)
20,273
(96,783)
10,407
(86,376)
Cash flow hedges:
Unrealized (loss) gain arising during the period
(22,016)
5,724
(16,292)
51,541
(13,401)
38,140
193,616
(50,340)
143,276
Reclassification adjustments
(76,150)
19,799
(56,351)
(59,117)
15,371
(43,746)
27,970
(7,272)
20,698
Share of equity investee's comprehensive income
—
—
—
10,616
(4,918)
5,698
1,729
—
1,729
Other comprehensive (loss) income
(92,988)
27,359
(65,629)
23,216
(9,882)
13,334
152,716
(56,276)
96,440
Comprehensive income
196,264
686,864
290,617
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(629)
(578)
(307)
Comprehensive income attributable to Aramark stockholders
$
196,893
$
687,442
$
290,924
The amounts in the table above exclude the impact of a $5.1 million pension plan adjustment and $26.3 million currency adjustment during the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024 related to the separation and distribution of the Uniform segment (see Note 2).
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Pension plan adjustments
$
(20,233)
$
(14,241)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(148,700)
(193,115)
Cash flow hedges
36,476
109,119
$
(132,457)
$
(98,237)
Currency Translation
Gains and losses resulting from the translation of financial statements of non-United States subsidiaries are reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity. Beginning in fiscal 2018, Argentina was determined to have a highly inflationary economy. As a result, the Company remeasures the financial statements of Argentina's operations in accordance with the accounting guidance for highly inflationary economies. The impact of the remeasurements was a foreign currency transaction loss of $5.4 million, $10.4 million and $3.5 million during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively, to the Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact of foreign currency transaction gains and losses exclusive of Argentina's operations included in the Company's operating results for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.
Current Assets
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
The Company insures portions of its risk related to general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation liability claims as well as certain property damage risks through a wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary (the "Captive") as part of its approach to risk finance. The Captive is subject to regulations within its domicile of Bermuda, including regulations established by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (the "BMA") relating to levels of liquidity and solvency as such concepts are defined by the BMA. The Captive was in compliance with these regulations as of September 27, 2024. These regulations may have the effect of limiting the Company's ability to access certain cash and cash equivalents held by the Captive for uses other than for
the payment of its general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation liability, certain property damage and related Captive costs. As of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, cash and cash equivalents at the Captive were $94.7 million and $32.8 million, respectively. The Captive also invests in United States Treasury securities where the amount of these investments as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 was $42.3 million and $110.7 million, respectively, and recorded in "Prepayments and other current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (principally the first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. The inventory reserve is determined based on history and projected customer consumption and specific identification. As of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, the Company's reserve for inventory was $19.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively. During fiscal 2024, the Company recorded a non-cash adjustment to inventory of $18.2 million based on expected usage of certain food and nonfood items within the Corrections business of the FSS United States segment to reflect the net realizable value of inventory, which is included in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The components of inventories are as follows:
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Food
95.9
%
95.9
%
Parts, supplies and novelties
4.1
%
4.1
%
100.0
%
100.0
%
Prepayments and other current assets
The following table presents details of "Prepayments and other current assets" as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Prepaid Insurance
$
12,660
$
18,308
Prepaid Taxes and Licenses
7,282
8,161
Current Income Tax Asset
3,829
10,198
Marketable Securities(1)
42,342
110,714
Other Prepaid Expenses
183,437
150,138
$
249,550
$
297,519
(1)
Marketable securities represent held-to-maturity debt securities with original maturities greater than three months, which are maturing within one year.
Within the FSS International segment, the Company receives certain cash on behalf of the Company's clients, which is contractually restricted from withdrawal and usage. This restricted cash is recorded in "Other Prepaid Expenses."
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. Gains and losses on dispositions are included in operating results. Maintenance and repairs are charged to current operations and replacements and significant improvements that extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized. The estimated useful lives for the major categories of property and equipment are generally 10 years to 40 years for buildings and improvements and three years to 20 years for service equipment and fixtures. Depreciation expense for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 was $276.2 million, $267.9 million and $263.7 million, respectively.
During fiscal 2023, the Company completed a strategic review of certain administrative locations, taking into account facility capacity and current utilization, among other factors. Based on this review, the Company vacated or otherwise reduced its usage at certain of these locations, resulting in an analysis of the recoverability of the assets associated with the locations. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $19.0 million within its FSS United States segment, which is included in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the
fiscal year ended September 29, 2023. The non-cash impairment charge consisted of operating lease right-of-use assets of $8.6 million and property and equipment of $10.4 million.
During fiscal years 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a gain of $36.3 million and $19.0 million, respectively, relating to income from proceeds associated with possessory interest at one of the National Park sites within the FSS United States segment, which is included in “Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Other Assets
The following table presents details of "Other Assets" as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Cost to fulfill - Client(1)
$
80,441
$
92,458
Long-term receivables
35,772
22,560
Miscellaneous investments(2)
121,331
157,568
Computer software costs, net(3)
144,878
159,732
Interest rate swap agreements(4)
41,158
147,458
Employee sales commissions(5)
35,857
33,989
Other(6)
114,717
114,913
$
574,154
$
728,678
(1)
Cost to fulfill - Client represent payments made by the Company to enhance the service resources used by the Company to satisfy its performance obligation (see Note 9).
(2)
Miscellaneous investments represent investments in 50% or less owned entities.
(3)
Computer software costs, net represent capitalized costs incurred to purchase or develop software for internal use and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, generally a period of three to 10 years. During fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a computer software impairment charge of $8.2 million within its FSS United States segment, which is included in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(4)
Interest rate swap agreements represent receivables under cash flow hedging agreements based on current forward interest rates (see Note 7).
(5)
Employee sales commissions represent commission payments made to employees related to new or retained business contracts (see Note 9).
(6)
Other consists primarily of noncurrent deferred tax assets, pension assets, deferred financing costs on certain revolving credit facilities and other noncurrent assets.
For investments in 50% or less owned entities accounted for under the equity method of accounting, the carrying amount as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 was $84.0 million and $73.5 million, respectively. During fiscal 2023, the Company sold its 50% ownership interest in AIM Services Co., Ltd., a leading Japanese food services company, to Mitsui & Co., Ltd. for $535.0 million in cash in a taxable transaction resulting in a pre-tax gain on sale of this equity investment of $377.1 million ($278.7 million gain net of tax). The pre-tax gain is included in "Gain on Equity Investments, net" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
For investments in 50% or less owned entities, other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, the Company measures these investments at cost, less any impairment and adjusted for changes in fair value resulting from observable price changes for an identical or a similar investment of the same issuer due to the lack of readily available fair values related to those investments. The carrying amount of equity investments without readily determinable fair values as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 was $35.4 million and $83.6 million, respectively.
On September 24, 2024, the Company sold its remaining equity investment ownership interest in the San Antonio Spurs NBA franchise for $101.2 million in cash in a taxable transaction resulting in a pre-tax gain on sale of this equity investment of $25.1 million ($19.6 million gain net of tax) during fiscal 2024. The pre-tax gain is included in "Gain on Equity Investments, net" on the Consolidated Statements of Income. During fiscal 2023, the Company sold a portion of its equity investment ownership interest in the San Antonio Spurs NBA franchise for $98.2 million in cash in a taxable transaction resulting in a pre-tax loss on sale of this equity investment of $1.1 million ($2.2 million loss net of tax). The pre-tax loss is included in "Gain on Equity Investments, net" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company has agreements with third-party administrators that allow participating vendors to voluntarily elect to sell payment obligations from the Company to financial institutions as part of a Supply Chain Finance Program ("SCF Program"). The Company's payment terms to the financial institutions, including the timing and amount of payments, are based on the original supplier invoices. When participating vendors elect to sell one or more of the Company's payment obligations, the Company's rights and obligations to settle the payable on their contractual due date are not impacted. The Company has no economic or commercial interest in a vendor's decision to sell the Company's payment obligations. The Company agrees on commercial terms with vendors for the goods and services procured, which are consistent with payment terms observed at other peer companies in the industry, and the terms are not impacted by the SCF Program. For the SCF Program, the Company does not provide asset pledges, or other forms of guarantees, as security for the committed payment to the financial institutions. As of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, the Company had $2.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of outstanding payment obligations to the financial institutions as part of the SCF Program recorded in "Accounts payable" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities
The following table presents details of "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Deferred income(1)
$
370,800
$
350,200
Accrued client expenses
220,387
208,336
Accrued taxes
67,205
79,884
Accrued insurance(2) and interest
160,133
186,783
Other
464,317
463,251
$
1,282,842
$
1,288,454
(1)
Includes consideration received in advance from customers prior to the service being performed ($352.5 million and $329.9 million) or from vendors prior to the goods being consumed ($18.3 million and $20.3 million) in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively.
(2)
The Company is self-insured for certain obligations related to its employee health care benefit programs as well as for certain risks retained under its general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation liability and certain property damage programs. Reserves are estimated through actuarialmethods, with the assistance of third-party actuaries using loss development assumptions based on the Company's claims history.
Other Noncurrent Liabilities
The following table presents details of "Other Noncurrent Liabilities" as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Deferred compensation
225,529
211,892
Pension-related liabilities
10,249
9,573
Insurance reserves(1)
135,767
147,641
Other noncurrent liabilities
118,587
134,023
$
490,132
$
503,129
(1)
The Company is self-insured for certain obligations for certain risks retained under its general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation liability and certain property damage programs. Reserves are estimated through actuarialmethods, with the assistance of third-party actuaries using loss development assumptions based on the Company's claims history.
Impact of COVID-19
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") provided for deferred payment of the employer portion of social security taxes through the end of calendar 2020, with 50% of the deferred amount due December 31, 2021 and the remaining 50% due December 31, 2022. Deferred social security taxes of $47.6 million were paid in fiscal 2022 and remaining social security taxes of $47.6 million were paid in fiscal 2023.
The CARES Act provided an employee retention credit, which is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. As of September 27, 2024, the Company has a $3.8 million receivable balance from the United States government related to the CARES Act, which is recorded in "Receivables" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Within the FSS International segment, many foreign jurisdictions in which the Company operates provided companies various forms of relief from COVID-19, including labor related tax credits. These labor related tax credits generally allowed companies to receive credits if they retained employees on their payroll, rather than furloughing or terminating employees as a result of the business disruption caused by COVID-19. The Company qualified for these tax credits. The Company recorded $36.6 million of labor related tax credits within "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.
The Company accounted for these labor related tax credits as a reduction to the expense that they were intended to compensate in the period in which the corresponding expense was incurred and there was reasonable assurance the Company would both receive the tax credits and comply with all conditions attached to the tax credits.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Fiscal Year Ended
(in millions)
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Interest paid
$
333.5
$
408.3
$
328.7
Income taxes paid
116.2
46.0
12.2
Significant non-cash activities are as follows:
•During fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, the Company executed finance lease transactions. The present value of the future rental obligations was $13.3 million, $4.9 million and $2.2 million for the respective periods, which is included in "Property and Equipment, at cost" and "Long-Term Borrowings" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
•During fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, cashless settlements of the exercise price and related employee minimum tax withholding liabilities of share-based payment awards were $21.4 million, $31.3 million and $17.8 million, respectively.
NOTE 2. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:
On September 30, 2023, the Company completed the separation and distribution of its Uniform segment into an independent publicly traded company, Vestis. The separation was structured as a tax free spin-off, which occurred by way of a pro rata distribution to Aramark stockholders. Each of the Aramark stockholders received one share of Vestis common stock for every two shares of Aramark common stock held of record as of the close of business on September 20, 2023. Vestis is now an independent public company under the symbol “VSTS” on the NYSE.
In connection with the separation and distribution, the Company entered into or adopted several agreements that provide a framework for the relationship between the Company and Vestis, including, but not limited to the following:
Separation and Distribution Agreement - governs the rights and obligations of the parties regarding the distribution following the completion of the separation, including the transfer of assets and assumption of liabilities, and establishes certain rights and obligations between the Company and Vestis following the distribution, including procedures with respect to claims subject to indemnification and related matters.
Transition Services Agreement - governs services between the Company and Vestis and their respective affiliates to provide each other on an interim, transitional basis, various services, including, but not limited to, administrative, information technology and cybersecurity support services and certain finance, treasury, tax and governmental function services. The services will terminate no later than 24 months following the distribution date.
Tax Matters Agreement - governs the parties’ respective rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to tax liabilities and benefits, tax attributes, the preparation and filing of tax returns, the control of audits and other tax proceedings and other matters regarding taxes.
Employee Matters Agreement - governs the allocation of liabilities and responsibilities relating to employment matters, employee compensation and benefits plans and programs and other related matters.
Under these agreements, the Company will continue to provide certain services to Vestis following the separation and distribution. The agreements do not provide the Company with the ability to influence the operating or financial policies of Vestis subsequent to the separation date. During the fiscal year-ended September 27, 2024, the value of the services provided to Vestis were $10.9 million. Current amounts due to Aramark from Vestis as of September 27, 2024 were not material.
The historical results of the Uniform segment have been reflected as discontinued operations in the Company's consolidated financial statements for all periods prior to the separation and distribution on September 30, 2023.
Details of "Income from Discontinued Operations, net of tax" are as follows (in thousands):
Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
2,263,133
2,152,023
Depreciation and amortization
136,505
134,352
Selling and general corporate expenses
133,109
140,007
2,532,747
2,426,382
Operating income
237,898
212,973
Gain on Sale of Equity Investments, net
(51,831)
—
Interest Expense, net
2,109
4,549
Income from Discontinued Operations Before Income Taxes
287,620
208,424
Provision for Income Taxes from Discontinued Operations
61,188
53,028
Income from Discontinued Operations, net of tax
$
226,432
$
155,396
During the fiscal years ended September 29, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company incurred charges of $51.1 million and $9.3 million, respectively, related to the Company's separation and distribution of its Uniform segment, including salaries and benefits, recruiting and relocation costs, accounting and legal related expenses, branding and other costs, of which $31.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively, were recorded within "Income from Discontinued Operations, net of tax" and $19.9 million and $5.2 million, respectively, were recorded within "Selling and general corporate expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
During the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024, the Company incurred $20.0 million of transaction fees related to the separation and distribution of its Uniform segment and $8.8 million of charitable contribution expense for the contribution of Vestis shares to a donor advised fund in order to fund charitable contributions, which were recorded within "Selling and general corporate expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table summarizes the Uniform segment assets and liabilities classified as discontinued operations in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Uniform legal entity entered into the Uniform credit agreement. The Uniform credit agreement included a revolving credit facility, a United States dollar denominated term loan in the amount of $800.0 million due September 2025 and a United States dollar denominated term loan in the amount of $700.0 million due September 2028, which are recorded in "Noncurrent Liabilities of Discontinued Operations" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 29, 2023. Also in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Uniform legal entity paid a cash dividend to the Company of $1,456.7 million. On October 2, 2023, the Company used the proceeds from the cash dividend, along with cash on hand, to repay the $1,500.0 million 6.375% Senior Notes due May 1, 2025 (the "6.375% 2025 Notes") (see Note 6).
The Company recorded its distribution of Vestis' net assets as a change in "Retained Earnings." The amount recorded reflected the carrying amounts, as of September 29, 2023, of the net assets distributed offset by the holdback of Vestis shares upon distribution of $8.8 million, net cash received from Vestis post-separation of $6.1 million and other adjustments of $1.1 million. The Company also recorded a net decrease to "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" of $31.4 million to derecognize foreign currency translation adjustments and pension plan adjustments which were attributable to Vestis (see Note 1).
NOTE 3. ACQUISITIONS:
Union Supply Group, Inc.
On June 2, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Union Supply Group, Inc. ("Union Supply"), a commissary goods and services supplier, pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement ("Union Supply Purchase Agreement") dated as of April 8, 2022, by and among Aramark Correctional Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and Tom Thomas, in
his capacity as the sellers' representative. Upon completion of the acquisition, Union Supply became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and its results are included in the Company's FSS United States segment. The cash consideration paid for Union Supply was $199.6 million. The Union Supply Purchase Agreement provided for contingent consideration, which the Company may be required to pay if Union Supply achieves certain adjusted EBITDA levels during calendar year 2023. A contingent consideration liability of $40.2 million was recorded as part of the acquisition with a separate amount that was accounted for as compensation expense recognized in earnings over the earnout period (see Note 17). The acquisition was financed utilizing funds from the Company's Receivables Facility.
Consideration
The Company accounted for the Union Supply acquisition as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. The Company finalized its allocation of the purchase price for the transaction based upon the fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
Recognition and Measurement of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Fair Value
The following table summarize the assets and liabilities assigned as of the acquisition date (in thousands):
Current assets
$
102,925
Noncurrent assets
208,181
Total assets
$
311,106
Current liabilities
$
24,308
Noncurrent liabilities
87,171
Total liabilities
$
111,479
Intangible Assets
The following table identifies the Company’s allocation of purchase price to the intangible assets acquired by category:
Estimated Fair Value (in millions)
Weighted-Average Estimated Useful Life (in years)
Customer relationship assets
$
82.3
15
Trade name
43.0
15
Total intangible assets
$
125.3
The fair value of the customer relationship assets was determined using the “multi-period excess earnings method” which considers the present value of net cash flows expected to be generated by the customer relationships, excluding any cash flows related to contributory assets. The fair value of the trade name acquired was determined using the “relief-from-royalty method” which considers the discounted estimated royalty payments that are expected to be avoided as a result of the trademarks being owned.
Goodwill
The Company recorded $56.9 million of goodwill in connection with its purchase price allocation relating to the Union Supply acquisition, all of which was recognized in the FSS United States segment. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized, such as assembled workforce. Factors that contributed to the Company's recognition of goodwill include the Company's intent to complement its existing corrections business and expand its customer base. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Other Acquisitions
During fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, the Company paid net cash consideration of $148.7 million, $50.2 million and $123.2 million, respectively, for various acquisitions, excluding the purchase of Union Supply. The revenue, net income, assets and liabilities of the acquisitions did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
During fiscal 2023, the Company approved headcount reductions to streamline and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of operational and administrative functions. As a result of these actions, severance charges of $35.1 million were recorded in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2023.
The following table summarizes the severance charges by segment related to the fiscal 2023 actions recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2023 (in millions):
FSS United States
$
3.3
FSS International
31.2
Corporate
0.6
$
35.1
During fiscal 2022, the Company made changes to its organization to streamline and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations and overhead functions. These actions included headcount reductions, which resulted in severance charges of $19.6 million during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, which were recorded in “Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table summarizes the severance charges by segment related to the fiscal 2022 actions recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 (in millions):
FSS United States
$
7.7
FSS International
11.9
$
19.6
The following table summarizes the unpaid obligations for severance and related costs as of September 27, 2024, which are included in "Accrued payroll and related expenses" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
September 29, 2023
Payments and Other
September 27, 2024
Fiscal 2023 Severance
$
19.1
$
(15.6)
$
3.5
Fiscal 2022 Severance
0.8
(0.8)
—
Total Reorganization
$
19.9
$
(16.4)
$
3.5
NOTE 5. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration paid for an acquired entity over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized and is subject to an impairment test that the Company conducts annually or more frequently if a change in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicates that potential impairment exists, using discounted cash flows. The Company performs its assessment of goodwill at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. The Company performs its annual impairment test as of the end of the fiscal month of August. If results of the qualitative assessment indicate a more likely than not determination or if a qualitative assessment is not performed, a quantitative test is performed by comparing the estimated fair value, calculated using a discounted cash flow method or market based method, of each reporting unit with its estimated net book value.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company performed the annual impairment test for goodwill for each of the reporting units using a quantitative testing approach. The Company compared the estimated fair value using a discounted cash flow method of each reporting unit or market based method for certain reporting units with its book value. Based on the evaluation performed, the Company determined that the fair value of each of the reporting units significantly exceeded its respective carrying amount, and therefore, the Company determined that goodwill was not impaired.
The determination of fair value for each reporting unit includes assumptions, which are considered Level 3 inputs, that are subject to risk and uncertainty. The discounted cash flow calculations are dependent on several subjective factors including the timing of future cash flows and the underlying margin projection assumptions, future growth rates and the discount rate. If assumptions or estimates in the fair value calculations change or if future cash flows or future growth rates vary from what was
expected, this may impact the impairment analysis and could reduce the underlying cash flows used to estimate fair values and result in a decline in fair value that may trigger future impairment charges.
Changes in total goodwill during fiscal 2024 are of the following (in thousands):
Segment
September 29, 2023
Acquisitions
Translation & Other
September 27, 2024
FSS United States
$
4,164,392
$
20,128
$
27
$
4,184,547
FSS International
451,594
21,490
19,570
492,654
$
4,615,986
$
41,618
$
19,597
$
4,677,201
Other intangible assets consist of (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Gross Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Net Amount
Gross Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Net Amount
Customer relationship assets
$
1,168,108
$
(521,102)
$
647,006
$
1,116,771
$
(433,741)
$
683,030
Trade names
1,197,486
(39,890)
1,157,596
1,137,535
(16,092)
1,121,443
$
2,365,594
$
(560,992)
$
1,804,602
$
2,254,306
$
(449,833)
$
1,804,473
During fiscal 2024, the Company acquired customer relationship assets and trade names with values of $43.4 million and $55.3 million, respectively. During fiscal 2023, the Company acquired customer relationship assets and trade names with values of $20.7 million and $14.5 million, respectively. Customer relationship assets are being amortized principally on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit with a weighted average life of approximately 14 years. The majority of trade names, which include the Aramark and Avendra trade names, are indefinite lived intangible assets and are not amortized, but are evaluated for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. The Company utilized the "relief-from-royalty" method, which considers the discounted estimated royalty payments that are expected to be avoided as a result of the trade names being owned. The Company completed its annual trade name impairment test for fiscal 2024, which did not result in an impairment charge. Amortization of other intangible assets for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 was $107.1 million, $89.5 million and $82.8 million, respectively.
Based on the recorded balances at September 27, 2024, total estimated amortization of all acquisition-related intangible assets for fiscal years 2025 through 2029 are as follows (in thousands):
Long-term borrowings, net, are summarized in the following table (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Senior Secured Credit Facility:
$1.4 Billion Revolving Credit Facility due August 2029(1)
$
30,138
$
—
$1.153 Billion Revolving Credit Facility due April 2026
—
170,759
Term A Loans due August 2029
499,624
—
Term A Loans due August 2026
—
258,060
United States Term B Loans due June 2030(2)
1,073,060
1,078,588
United States Term B Loans due April 2028(2)
725,504
724,393
United States Term B Loans due January 2027
836,680
835,631
Senior Unsecured Notes:
5.000% Senior Unsecured Notes due February 2028
1,144,404
1,142,910
6.375% Senior Unsecured Notes due May 2025
—
1,492,153
5.000% Senior Unsecured Notes due April 2025
550,789
549,348
3.125% Senior Unsecured Notes (EUR) due April 2025
362,459
342,718
Other:
Finance leases
40,440
31,933
Other
8,359
15,201
5,271,457
6,641,694
Less—current portion
(964,286)
(1,543,032)
$
4,307,171
$
5,098,662
As of September 27, 2024, there were $733.3 million of outstanding foreign currency borrowings.
As of September 27, 2024, the 5.000% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 and 3.125% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 mature within one year. The Company intends to repay, redeem or otherwise refinance the outstanding obligations related to these securities.
Senior Secured Credit Agreement
ASI, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a credit agreement on March 28, 2017 (as supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Credit Agreement"), which replaced the existing Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, originally dated January 26, 2007, and last amended on March 28, 2014 (the "Previous Credit Agreement").
The Credit Agreement includes senior secured term loan facilities consisting of the following as of September 27, 2024:
•A United States dollar denominated term loan to ASI in the amount of $836.7 million, due 2027 ("United States Term B-4 Loans due 2027"), $725.5 million, due 2028 ("United States Term B-7 Loans due 2028"), $1,073.1 million, due 2030 ("United States Term B-8 Loans due 2030") and $70.4 million, due 2029 ("United States Term A Loans due 2029");
•A Canadian dollar denominated term loan to Aramark Canada Ltd. in the amount of C$205.9 million (approximately $152.3 million), due 2029 (the "Canadian Term A-4 Loans due 2029");
•A euro denominated term loan to Aramark Investments Limited, a U.K. borrower, in an amount of €93.8 million (approximately $104.7 million), due 2029 (the "Euro Term A-3 Loans due 2029");
•A pounds sterling denominated term loan to Aramark Limited, a U.K. borrower, in an amount of £61.8 million (approximately $82.6 million), due 2029 (the "GBP Term A Loans due 2029"); and
•A United States dollar denominated term loan to Aramark Investments Limited, a U.K. borrower, in an amount of $89.6 million, due 2029 (the "AIL Term A-1 Loans due 2029").
The Credit Agreement also includes a revolving credit facility available for loans in United States dollars, Canadian dollars, euros and pounds sterling to ASI and certain foreign borrowers with aggregate commitments of approximately $1.4 billion and has a final maturity date of August 2, 2029. As of September 27, 2024, there was $1,341.6 million available for borrowing
under the revolving credit facility. The Company's revolving credit facility includes a $500.0 million sublimit for letters of credit. The revolving credit facility may be drawn by ASI as well as by certain foreign subsidiaries of ASI. The foreign borrowers are subject to a sublimit of either $300.0 million or $150.0 million with respect to borrowings under the revolving credit facility. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the senior secured credit facilities, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the revolving credit facility in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. The revolving credit facility is subject to a commitment fee ranging from a rate of 0.15% to 0.30% per annum. The actual rate within the range is based on a Consolidated Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement.
The Company is not a guarantor under the senior secured credit facilities and is not subject to the covenants or obligations under the Credit Agreement.
The applicable margin on the United States Term B-4 Loans due 2027 is 1.75% with respect to Term Benchmark (Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR")) borrowings, subject to a SOFR floor of 0.00%, and 0.75% with respect to base-rate borrowings, subject to a minimum base rate of 0.00%. The applicable margin on the United States Term B-7 Loans due 2028 and United States Term B-8 Loans due 2030 is 2.00% with respect to Term Benchmark (Adjusted Term SOFR) borrowings, subject to a SOFR floor of 0.00% and 1.00% with respect to base-rate borrowings, subject to a minimum base rate of 0.00%. The applicable margin spread for the United States Term A Loans due 2029, United States Term A-1 Loans due 2029, Canadian Term A-4 Loans due 2029, the Euro Term A-3 Loans due 2029, the GBP Term A Loans due 2029 and the senior secured revolving credit facility is 1.125% to 1.625% (as of September 27, 2024 - 1.500%) with respect to Term Benchmark (Adjusted Term SOFR, EURIBOR and Term CORRA) borrowings and letters of credit fees, subject to a floor of 0.00%, 0.125% to 0.625% (as of September 27, 2024 - 0.500%) with respect to United States and Canadian base rate borrowings, and 1.1576% to 1.6576% (as of September 27, 2024 - 1.5326%) with respect to Sterling Overnight Index Average ("SONIA") rate borrowings, subject to a floor of 0.00%. The actual spreads within all ranges referred to above are based on a Consolidated Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement.
Fiscal 2024 Transactions
On August 2, 2024, the Company amended its existing Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 15”), to provide for, among other things, the refinancing and replacement of the 2021 Tranche Revolving Facility, the Canadian Term A-3 Loans and the Euro Term A-2 Loans under the Credit Agreement through the establishment of Replacing Revolving Commitments, New Revolving Commitments, and borrowings of Refinancing Term Loans, under the Credit Agreement comprised of (i) new 2024 Tranche Revolving Commitments in an amount equal to $1.4 billion, terminating in August 2029, (ii) new Canadian Term A-4 Loans in an amount equal to C$214.6 million, due in August 2029, (iii) new Euro Term A-3 Loans in an amount equal to €94.1 million, due in August 2029, (iv) new United States Term A Loans in an amount equal to $70.7 million, due in August 2029, (v) new United States Term A-1 Loans in an amount equal to $90.0 million, due in August 2029 and (vi) new GBP Term A Loans in an amount equal to £62.0 million, due in August 2029. The new Term A Loans were applied by the Company to refinance in full the Canadian Term A-3 Loans and Euro Term A-2 Loans and reduce borrowings outstanding under the existing revolving facility. The new Term A Loans are subject to customary springing maturity provisions (including customary thresholds) with respect to the United States Term B-7 Loans and the 5.000% Senior Notes due 2028, as further specified in Amendment No. 15.
The new 2024 Tranche Revolving Commitments bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, depending on the currency of the loans borrowed under the new 2024 Tranche Revolving Commitments, either (a) a Term CORRA rate, (b) a Term SOFR rate, (c) a EURIBOR rate, (d) Canadian base rate determined by the higher of (1) prime rate of the administrative agent or (2) the Term CORRA rate plus 1.00%, (e) base rate determined by the highest of (1) the prime rate of the administrative agent, (2) the greater of the overnight rate and the federal funds rate, plus 0.50% or (3) the Term SOFR rate plus 1.00%, or (f) a SONIA rate plus an applicable margin set initially at 1.625% for borrowings based on the Term CORRA rate, Term SOFR rate and EURIBOR rate, 1.6576% for borrowings based on the SONIA rate and 0.625% for borrowings based on the Canadian base rate or base rate, in each case, subject to a reduction upon the Company achieving improvement on the consolidated leverage ratio. Loans denominated in U.S. dollars that are outstanding under the 2024 Tranche Revolving Commitments are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.0% (as compared to the interest rate for the 2021 Tranche Revolving Facility, which were subject to a credit spread adjustment between 0.11448% and 0.42826% (depending on the selected interest period)). In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the 2024 Tranche Revolving Commitments, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder, initially set at 0.30%, subject to a reduction upon the Company achieving improvement in the consolidated leverage ratio.
The new Canadian Term A-4 Loans bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) a Term CORRA rate or (b) a base rate or Canadian base rate determined by reference to the higher of (1) the prime rate of the administrative agent and (2) the Term CORRA rate plus 1.00% plus an applicable margin set initially at 1.625% for borrowings based on the Term CORRA rate and 0.625% for borrowings based on the Canadian base rate, in each case, subject to a reduction upon the Company achieving improvement in the consolidated leverage ratio.
The new Euro Term A-3 Loans bear interest at a rate equal to a EURIBOR rate plus an applicable margin set initially at 1.625%, subject to a reduction upon the Company achieving improvement in the consolidated leverage ratio.
The new United States Term A Loans and new United States Term A-1 Loans bear interest at a rate determined by reference to either (a) a Term SOFR rate or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the prime rate of the administrative agent, (2) the greater of the overnight rate and the federal funds rate, plus 0.50% or (3) the Term SOFR rate plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin set initially at 1.625%, subject to a reduction upon the Company achieving improvement in the consolidated leverage ratio. The United States Term A Loans and United States Term A-1 Loans are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.0%.
The new GBP Term A Loans bear interest at a rate equal to a SONIA rate plus an applicable margin set initially at 1.6576%, subject to a reduction upon the Company achieving improvement in the consolidated leverage.
The Company capitalized $7.6 million of transaction costs directly attributable to the refinancing in Amendment No. 15, of which $5.8 million is included in "Other Assets" and $1.8 million is included in "Long-Term Borrowings" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 27, 2024. Amounts paid for capitalized transaction costs are included within “Other financing activities” on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024. Additionally, the Company recorded $1.3 million of charges to "Interest Expense, net" on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024, consisting of a $1.1 million non-cash loss for the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs on the revolving credit facility and foreign denominated term loans due 2026 and the payment of $0.2 million of transactions costs related to the refinancing.
On March 27, 2024, the Company amended its existing Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 14”), to provide for, among other things, the repricing of all the United States dollar denominated Term B-5 Loans previously outstanding under the Credit Agreement (“United States Term B-5 Loans due 2028”) and the repricing of all the United States dollar denominated Term B-6 Loans previously outstanding under the Credit Agreement (“United States. Term B-6 Loans due 2030”).
As a result of the Amendment No. 14, (i) United States Term B-5 Loans due 2028 previously outstanding under the Credit Agreement were replaced with new United States dollar denominated Term B-7 Loans in an amount equal to $730.5 million due in April 2028 and (ii) United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030 previously outstanding under the Credit Agreement were replaced with the new United States dollar denominated Term B-8 Loans in an amount equal to $1,094.5 million due in June 2030, each with an interest rate equal to the sum of (a) the Term SOFR Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus (b) an applicable margin of 2.00% plus (c) a credit spread adjustment of 0.0% (as compared to the interest rate for the United States Term B-5 Loans due 2028 and the United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030 equal to the sum of (a) the Term SOFR Rate plus (b) an applicable margin of 2.50% plus (c) a credit spread adjustment between 0.11448% and 0.42826% (depending on the selected interest period)).
The Company capitalized $0.9 million of transaction costs directly attributable to the repricings in Amendment No. 14, which are included in “Long-Term Borrowings” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 27, 2024. Amounts paid for capitalized transaction costs are included within “Other financing activities” on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024. Additionally, the Company recorded $1.6 million of charges to "Interest Expense, net" on the Consolidated Statements of Income for fiscal year ended September 27, 2024, consisting of a $1.2 million non-cash loss for the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and discount on the United States Term B-5 Loans due 2028 and United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030 and the payment of $0.4 million of transaction costs related to the repricings.
Fiscal 2023 Transactions
On June 29, 2023, ASI entered into Amendment No. 13 to the Credit Agreement, which provides for a transition of the underlying interest rate applicable to all term loans outstanding and revolving credit commitments and loans available and/or outstanding, in each case, under the Credit Agreement, from the London Interbank Offer Rate ("LIBOR") to a forward-looking term rate based on SOFR. All borrowings based on SOFR under the Credit Agreement are subject to a credit spread adjustment of (i) 0.11448% for borrowings with interest periods of one month, (ii) 0.26161% for borrowings with interest periods of three months and (iii) 0.42826% for borrowings with interest periods of six months but the associated interest rate margins applicable to all such borrowings remain unchanged. Amendment No. 13 was entered into in preparation for the general cessation of LIBOR-based borrowings in the leverage lending industry as of June 30, 2023.
On June 22, 2023, ASI and certain of its subsidiaries entered into Amendment No. 12 to the Credit Agreement, which provides for, among other things, the extension of the maturity date applicable to all of the United States Term B-3 Loans due 2025 through the establishment of the United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030 in an amount equal to approximately $1.1 billion. The new United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030 were funded in full on June 22, 2023 and were applied by the Company to refinance the remaining United States Term B-3 Loans due 2025.
The new United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030 bear an interest rate equal to either (a) a forward-looking term rate based on SOFR for the applicable interest period, plus a credit spread adjustment of (i) 0.11448% for borrowings with interest periods of one month, (ii) 0.26161% for borrowings with interest periods of three months and (iii) 0.42826% for borrowings with Adjusted Term SOFR or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the prime rate of the administrative agent, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (3) the Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.00% plus an applicable margin set initially at 2.50% for borrowings based on Adjusted Term SOFR and 1.50% for borrowings based on the base rate. The United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030 are subject to substantially similar terms currently relating to guarantees, collateral, mandatory prepayments and covenants that are applicable to the Company’s other United States Term B Loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
The Company capitalized $8.2 million of costs associated with the issuance of the United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030, which are amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the loans and presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the loans. Amounts paid for the capitalized third-party costs are included within "Other Financing activities" on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2023. The Company also incurred an original issue discount of $11.0 million upon the issuance of the United States Term B-6 Loans due 2030. The discount is included as an adjustment to the carrying value of the loans and is amortized using the effective interest method over the term of loans in accordance with the accounting literature.
In conjunction with Amendment No. 12 to the Credit Agreement and the borrowing repayments, the Company recorded a $2.5 million non-cash loss for the write-off of unamortized deferred debt issuance costs to "Interest Expense, net" on the Consolidated Statements of Income during the fiscal year ended September 29, 2023.
On May 31, 2023, the Company repaid $100.0 million of United States Term B-3 Loans due 2025.
On April 17, 2023, the Company repaid $468.0 million of the United States Term B-3 Loans due 2025, and ¥8,409.0 million ($63.0 million) of yen denominated term loans due 2026.
Incremental Facilities
The Credit Agreement provides that the Company has the right at any time to request one or more incremental term loan facilities or increases under existing term loan facilities and/or additional revolving credit facilities or increases under the existing revolving credit facility in an amount up to $1,400.0 million of incremental commitments in the aggregate plus an unlimited amount so long as the pro forma Consolidated Secured Debt to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA ratio (each as calculated in accordance with the Credit Agreement (the "Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio")) would not exceed 3.00 to 1.00, plus any amount of loans and commitments optionally prepaid and terminated under the senior secured credit facilities. The lenders under these facilities are not under any obligation to provide any such incremental facilities or commitments and any such addition of or increase in facilities or commitments will be subject to customary conditions precedent.
Prepayments and Amortization
The Credit Agreement requires the Company to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with:
•50% of ASI's annual excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) with step-downs to 25% and 0% upon ASI reaching certain Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio thresholds; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be required to the extent excess cash flow for the applicable year exceeds $10.0 million;
•100% of the net cash proceeds of all non-ordinary course asset sales or other dispositions of property subject to certain exceptions and customary reinvestment rights; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be required to the extent net cash proceeds exceeds $100.0 million; and
•100% of the net cash proceeds of any incurrence of debt, but excluding proceeds from certain debt permitted under the Credit Agreement.
The foregoing mandatory prepayments will be applied to the term loan facilities on a pro rata basis and will reduce the obligations to make scheduled amortization payments on a dollar for dollar basis as directed by the Company. The Company may voluntarily repay outstanding loans under the Credit Agreement any time without premium or penalty, other than customary "breakage" costs with respect to SOFR loans. Prepaid term loans may not be reborrowed.
If a change of control as defined in the Credit Agreement occurs, this will cause an event of default under the Credit Agreement. Upon an event of default, the new senior secured credit facilities may be accelerated, in which case the Company would be required to repay all outstanding loans plus accrued and unpaid interest and all other amounts outstanding under the new senior secured credit facilities under the Credit Agreement.
The Canadian Term A-4 Loans due 2029 require the payment of installments in quarterly principal amounts of C$2.7 million from June 30, 2025 through June 30, 2029 and C$160.9 million at maturity.
The Euro Term A-3 Loans due 2029 require the payment of installments in quarterly principal amounts of €1.2 million from September 30, 2024 through June 30, 2029 and €70.5 million at maturity.
The GBP Term A Loans due 2029 require the payment of installments in quarterly principal amounts of £0.8 million from September 30, 2024 through June 30, 2029 and £46.5 million at maturity.
The United States Term A Loans due 2029 require the payment of installments in quarterly principal amounts of $0.9 million from September 30, 2024 through June 30, 2029 and $53.0 million at maturity.
The United States Term A-1 Loans due 2029 require the payment of installments in quarterly principal amounts of $1.1 million from September 30, 2024 through June 30, 2029 and $67.5 million at maturity.
The United States Term B-7 Loans due 2028 do not require any quarterly repayments of the principal amount and require the payment of $730.5 million at maturity. The United States Term B-8 Loans due 2030 require repayment of principal in quarterly installments of $2.8 million from September 30, 2024 through March 31, 2030 and $1,025.8 million at maturity.
Guarantees
All obligations under the Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation and, subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of ASI's existing and future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries excluding certain immaterial subsidiaries, Receivables Facility subsidiaries, certain other customarily excluded subsidiaries and certain subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement as "unrestricted subsidiaries," referred to, collectively, as the United States Guarantors. All obligations under the Credit Agreement, and the guarantees of those obligations, are secured by (i) a pledge of 100% of the capital stock of ASI, (ii) pledges of 100% of the capital stock (or 65% of voting stock and 100% of non-voting stock, in the case of the stock of foreign subsidiaries) held by ASI, Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation or any of the United States Guarantors and (iii) a security interest in, and mortgages on, substantially all tangible assets of Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, ASI or any of the United States Guarantors.
Certain Covenants
The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue preferred stock or provide guarantees; create liens on assets; engage in mergers or consolidations; sell assets; pay dividends, make distributions or repurchase its capital stock; make investments, loans or advances; repay or repurchase any subordinated debt, except as scheduled or at maturity; create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to ASI from its restricted subsidiaries; make certain acquisitions; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; amend material agreements governing ASI's subordinated debt (or any indebtedness that refinances its subordinated debt); and fundamentally change ASI's business. The Credit Agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants, such as financial and other reporting, and certain events of default. At September 27, 2024, ASI was in compliance with all of these covenants.
The Credit Agreement requires ASI to maintain a maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio, defined as consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, not to exceed 5.125x. Consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien is defined in the Credit Agreement as total indebtedness consisting of debt for borrowed money, finance leases, debt in respect of sale-leaseback transactions, disqualified and preferred stock and advances under the Receivables Facility secured by a lien reduced by the amount of cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets that is free and clear of any lien. Non-compliance with the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio could result in the requirement to immediately repay all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which, if ASI's lenders under the Credit Agreement (other than the lenders in respect of ASI’s United States Term B-4 Loans due 2027, United States Term B-7 Loans due 2028 and United States Term B-8 Loans due 2030 which lenders shall not benefit from the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio) failed to waive any such default, would also constitute a default under the indentures governing the senior notes. The actual ratio at September 27, 2024 was 1.99x.
The Credit Agreement establishes an incurrence-based minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, defined as Covenant Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated interest expense, as a condition for ASI and its restricted subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness and to make certain restricted payments. Consolidated interest expense is defined in the Credit Agreement as consolidated interest expense excluding interest income, adjusted for acquisitions and dispositions and for certain non-cash or nonrecurring interest expense. The minimum Interest Coverage Ratio is at least 2.00x for the term of the Credit Agreement. If ASI does not maintain this minimum Interest Coverage Ratio calculated on a pro forma basis for any such additional indebtedness or restricted payments, it could be prohibited from being able to incur additional indebtedness, other than the additional funding provided for under the Credit Agreement and pursuant to specified exceptions, and make certain restricted payments, other than pursuant to certain exceptions. The actual ratio was 3.73x for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024.
A failure to pay any obligations under the Credit Agreement as they become due or any event causing amounts to become due prior to their stated maturity could result in a cross-default and potential acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt obligations, including the senior notes.
Senior Notes
6.375% Senior Notes due 2025 (fully redeemed)
On April 27, 2020, ASI issued $1,500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.375% 2025 Notes. The Company capitalized upon issuance third-party costs of $22.3 million directly attributable to the 6.375% 2025 Notes. The 6.375% 2025 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of April 27, 2020, entered into by and among ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, and the U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 6.375% 2025 Notes were issued at par. Interest on the 6.375% 2025 Notes was payable on May 1 and November 1 of each year.
On October 2, 2023, the Company fully redeemed the $1,500.0 million 6.375% 2025 Notes in conjunction with the separation and distribution of the Uniform segment (see Note 2). The Company recorded $31.8 million of charges to "Interest Expense, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024, consisting of the payment of a $23.9 million call premium and a $7.9 million non-cash loss for the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs on the 6.375% 2025 Notes. The amount paid for the call premium is included within "Other financing activities" on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024.
5.000% Senior Notes due 2028
On January 18, 2018, ASI issued $1,150.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.000% Senior Notes due February 1, 2028 (the "2028 Notes"). The net proceeds from the 2028 Notes were used to finance the AmeriPride acquisition that occurred in fiscal 2018, to pay down certain borrowings under the revolving credit facility and to pay fees related to the transaction. The Company capitalized third-party costs of $14.2 million directly attributable to the 2028 Notes, which are included in "Long-Term Borrowings" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized over the debt period.
The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of January 18, 2018 (the "2028 Notes Indenture"), entered into by and among ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, and the U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2028 Notes were issued at par.
The 2028 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of ASI. The 2028 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the Issuer's existing and future senior indebtedness and will rank senior in right of payment to the Issuer's future subordinated indebtedness. The 2028 Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the domestic subsidiaries of ASI. The guarantees of the 2028 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the senior obligations of such guarantor. The 2028 Notes are effectively subordinated to all of ASI's existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the assets securing that indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of any of ASI's subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2028 Notes. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year.
The 2028 Notes Indenture contains covenants limiting ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends and make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments; create certain liens; sell assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; limit the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to ASI; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of ASI's and its restricted subsidiaries assets; and designate ASI's subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. The 2028 Notes Indenture also provides for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the applicable series of 2028 Notes to become or to be declared due and payable. Further, a failure to pay any obligations under the 2028 Notes Indenture as they become due or any event causing amounts to become due prior to their stated maturity could result in a cross-default and potential acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt obligations, including the other senior notes and obligations under the Credit Agreement.
5.000% Senior Notes due 2025 and 3.125% Senior Notes due 2025
On March 22, 2017, ASI issued $600.0 million of 5.000% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "5.000% 2025 Notes"). The 5.000% 2025 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the "5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture"), entered into by and among ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The 5.000% 2025 Notes were issued at par. On March 27, 2017, Aramark International Finance S.à.r.l. ("AIFS"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, issued €325.0 million of 3.125% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "3.125% 2025 Notes" and, together with the 5.000% 2025 Notes, the "2025 Notes"). The 3.125% 2025 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the "3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture"), entered into by and among AIFS, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and registrar, and The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as paying agent and transfer agent. The 3.125% 2025 Notes were issued at par.
The 2025 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the respective Issuers. Each series of the 2025 Notes ranks equal in right of payment to all of the respective Issuer's existing and future senior indebtedness, including the senior secured credit facilities under the Credit Agreement, and, in the case of the 5.000% 2025 Notes with respect to ASI and will rank senior in right of payment to the respective Issuer's future subordinated indebtedness. The 2025 Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the domestic subsidiaries of ASI and the 3.125% 2025 Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by ASI. The guarantees of the 2025 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the senior obligations of such guarantor, including guarantees of the senior secured credit facilities and the 2028 Notes, as applicable, and in the case of the 3.125% 2025 Notes with respect to ASI, ASI’s obligations under the senior secured credit facilities, the 5.000% 2025 Notes and the 2028 Notes. Each series of the 2025 Notes and the related guarantees thereof are effectively subordinated to all of the respective Issuers' existing and future secured indebtedness, including obligations and/or guarantees of the senior secured credit facilities under the Credit Agreement, to the extent of the value of the assets securing that indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of any of ASI's subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2025 Notes. Interest on the 2025 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year.
In the event of certain types of changes of control, the holders of the 2025 Notes may require the applicable Issuer to purchase for cash all or a portion of their 2025 Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of such 2025 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the purchase date. ASI has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 5.000% 2025 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Beginning April 1, 2020, AIFS has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 3.125% 2025 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
The 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture and the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture contain covenants limiting ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends and make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments; create certain liens; sell assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; limit the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to ASI; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of ASI's and its restricted subsidiaries assets; and designate ASI's subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. The 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture and the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture also provide for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the applicable series of 2025 Notes to become or to be declared due and payable. Further, a failure to pay any obligations under the 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture or the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture as they become due or any event causing amounts to become due prior to their stated maturity could result in a cross-default and potential acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt obligations, including the other senior notes and obligations under the Credit Agreement.
During fiscal 2022, the Company made optional prepayments of $48.5 million on the 5.000% 2025 Notes.
Receivables Facility
The Company has a Receivables Facility agreement with four financial institutions where it sells on a continuous basis an undivided interest in all eligible trade accounts receivable, as defined in the Receivables Facility. Amounts borrowed under the Receivables Facility fluctuate monthly based on the Company's funding requirements and the level of qualified receivables available to collateralize the Receivables Facility. On July 19, 2023, the Company increased the purchase limit available under the Receivables Facility from $500.0 million to $600.0 million and extended the scheduled maturity date from June 2024 to July 2026. All other terms and conditions of the agreement remained largely unchanged.
Pursuant to the Receivables Facility, the Company formed ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary. ARAMARK Receivables, LLC was formed for the sole purpose of buying and selling receivables generated by certain subsidiaries of the Company. Under the Receivables Facility, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries transfer without recourse all of their accounts receivable to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC. As collections reduce previously transferred interests, interests in new, eligible receivables are transferred to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, subject to meeting certain conditions.
As of September 27, 2024, and September 29, 2023, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Receivables Facility.
At September 27, 2024, annual maturities on long-term borrowings maturing in the next five fiscal years and thereafter (excluding the $22.7 million reduction to long-term borrowings from debt issuance costs, $8.8 million reduction from the discount on the United States Term B-8 Loans due 2030 and $0.4 million reduction from the discount on the United States Term B-4 Loans due 2027) are as follows (in thousands):
2025
$
967,514
2026
45,260
2027
882,573
2028
1,920,207
2029
443,341
Thereafter
1,066,069
The components of interest expense, net, are summarized as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Interest expense
$
389,192
$
467,286
$
384,857
Interest income
(22,476)
(29,810)
(16,679)
Total
$
366,716
$
437,476
$
368,178
NOTE 7. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS:
The Company enters into contractual derivative arrangements to manage changes in market conditions related to interest on debt obligations, including interest rate swap agreements, that are recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value at the end of each quarter. The counterparties to the Company's contractual derivative agreements are all major international financial institutions. The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. The Company continually monitors its positions and the credit ratings of its counterparties and does not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties. The Company formally documents the hedging relationship and its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged and how the hedging instrument's effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively for designated hedges. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge's inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting cash flows of hedged items.
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company has approximately $2.3 billion notional amount of outstanding interest rate swap agreements as of September 27, 2024, which fix the rate on a like amount of variable rate borrowings with varying maturities through December of fiscal 2028. During fiscal 2024, the Company entered into $100.0 million notional amount of interest rate swap agreements to hedge the cash flow risk of variability in interest payments on variable rate borrowings.
During fiscal 2023, the Company entered into bilateral agreements with its swap counterparties to transition all of its interest rate swap agreements to use SOFR as the reference rate due to the discontinuance of LIBOR. There were no changes to interest rate swap parties, notional amounts or settlement dates as a result of these amendments. All of the Company's interest rate swap agreements are indexed to SOFR.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as and meets all the required criteria for a cash flow hedge are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings as the underlying hedged item affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. Cash flows from hedging transactions are classified in the same category as the cash flows from the respective hedged item. As of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, $36.5 million and $109.1 million, respectively, of unrealized net of tax gains related to the interest rate swaps were included in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss."
The following table summarizes the effect of the Company's derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments on Other comprehensive income (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Interest rate swap agreements(1)
$
(22,016)
$
51,541
$
193,616
(1)
Change in the amounts driven by changes in forward interest rates.
The following table summarizes the location and fair value, using Level 2 inputs (see Note 17 for a description of the fair value levels), of the Company's derivatives designated and not designated as hedging instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
Balance Sheet Location
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
ASSETS
Interest rate swap agreements
Prepayments and other current assets
$
8,134
$
—
Interest rate swap agreements
Other Assets
41,158
147,458
The following table summarizes the location of the (gain) loss reclassified from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" into earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
Income Statement Location
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Interest rate swap agreements(1)
Interest Expense, net
$
(76,150)
$
(59,117)
$
27,970
(1)
Change in the amounts driven by changes in forward interest rates.
As of September 27, 2024, the Company has a Euro denominated term loan in the amount of €93.8 million. The term loan was designated as a hedge of the Company's net Euro currency exposure represented by certain holdings in the Company's European affiliates.
At September 27, 2024, the net of tax gain expected to be reclassified from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" into earnings over the next twelve months based on current market rates is approximately $21.9 million.
NOTE 8. LEASES:
The Company has lease arrangements primarily related to real estate, vehicles and equipment, which generally have terms of one to 25 years. Finance leases primarily relate to vehicles and certain real estate. In addition, there can be leases identified in the Company's revenue contracts with customers, which generally include fixed or variable lease payments. The Company assesses whether an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, upon inception of the related contract. A right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability are not recorded for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less ("short-term leases"). Certain of the Company's lease arrangements, primarily vehicle leases, with terms of one to 8 years, contain provisions related to residual value guarantees. The maximum potential liability to the Company under such arrangements was approximately $35.8 million at September 27, 2024 if the terminal fair value of vehicles coming off lease was zero. Consistent with past experience, management does not expect any significant payments will be required pursuant to these arrangements. No amounts have been accrued for guarantee arrangements at September 27, 2024.
The Company recognizes operating lease liabilities and operating lease right-of-use assets on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying assets for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease liabilities and operating lease right-of-use assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Deferred rent, tenant improvement allowances and prepaid rent are included in the operating lease right-of-use asset balances. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components are combined with the related lease components and accounted for as lease components for all classes of underlying assets.
Variable lease payments, which primarily consist of leases associated with the Company's revenue contracts with customers, real estate taxes, common area maintenance charges, insurance costs and other operating expenses, are not included in the operating lease right-of-use asset or operating lease liability balances and are recognized in the period in which the expenses are incurred. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain they will be exercised or not, respectively. Options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of exercise are recognized as part of the operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability balances.
The Company is required to discount its future minimum lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, its incremental borrowing rate. The Company primarily uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. The Company uses a portfolio approach to determine the incremental borrowing rate based on the geographic location of the lease and the remaining lease term. The incremental borrowing rate is calculated using a base line rate plus an applicable margin.
The following table summarizes the location of the operating and finance leases in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands), as well as the weighted average remaining lease termand weighted average discount rate:
Leases
Balance Sheet Location
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Assets:
Operating(1)(2)
Operating Lease Right-of-use Assets
$
638,659
$
572,268
Finance
Property and Equipment, net
38,224
30,621
Total lease assets
$
676,883
$
602,889
Liabilities:
Current
Operating
Current operating lease liabilities
$
54,163
$
51,271
Finance
Current maturities of long-term borrowings
5,899
3,753
Noncurrent
Operating
Noncurrent Operating Lease Liabilities
241,012
245,871
Finance
Long-term borrowings
34,541
28,180
Total lease liabilities
$
335,615
$
329,075
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases
6.9
7.7
Finance leases
14.7
14.5
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases
4.6
%
4.2
%
Finance leases
6.0
%
4.7
%
(1)
Includes $384.1 million and $320.1 million of long-term prepaid rent as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, respectively.
(2)
During fiscal 2023, the Company recorded impairment charges to its Operating Lease Right-of-use Assets (see Note 1).
The following table summarizes the location of lease related costs on the Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
Lease Cost
Income Statement Location
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Operating lease cost(1):
Fixed lease costs
Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
$
117,584
$
110,393
$
97,231
Variable lease costs(2)
Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
1,052,310
922,334
765,323
Short-term lease costs
Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
80,816
79,788
65,355
Finance lease cost(3):
Amortization of right-of-use-assets
Depreciation and amortization
5,939
4,385
3,567
Interest on lease liabilities
Interest Expense, net
2,023
1,492
1,294
Net lease cost
$
1,258,672
$
1,118,392
$
932,770
(1)
Excludes sublease income, which is immaterial.
(2)
Includes $1,027.9 million, $903.4 million and $745.6 million of costs related to leases associated with revenue contracts with customers for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively. These costs represent the rent the Company pays its clients to operate at their locations, typically based on a percentage of sales.
(3)
Excludes variable lease costs, which are immaterial.
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases(1)
$
192,391
$
170,457
$
110,747
Operating cash flows from finance leases
2,023
1,492
1,294
Financing cash flows from finance leases
6,042
4,207
3,428
Lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases
$
59,780
$
52,215
$
62,219
Finance leases
13,272
4,907
2,206
(1)
For fiscal 2024, excludes cash paid for variable and short-term lease costs of $1,039.0 million and $80.8 million, respectively, that are not included within the measurement of lease liabilities. For fiscal 2023, excludes cash paid for variable and short-term lease costs of $909.1 million and $79.8 million, respectively, that are not included within the measurement of lease liabilities. For fiscal 2022, excludes cash paid for variable and short-term lease costs of $725.1 million and $65.4 million, respectively, that are not included within the measurement of lease liabilities.
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable leases as of September 27, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
Operating leases
Finance leases
Total
2025
$
66,067
$
8,104
$
74,171
2026
58,533
7,148
65,681
2027
48,487
6,044
54,531
2028
40,367
3,264
43,631
2029
32,256
2,672
34,928
Thereafter
96,428
34,819
131,247
Total future minimum lease payments
$
342,138
$
62,051
$
404,189
Less: Interest
(46,963)
(21,611)
(68,574)
Present value of lease liabilities
$
295,175
$
40,440
$
335,615
NOTE 9. REVENUE RECOGNITION:
The Company generates revenue through sales of food and facility services to customers based on written contracts at the locations it serves. The Company provides food and beverage services, including catering and retail services, and facilities services, including plant operations and maintenance, custodial, housekeeping, landscaping and other services. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company accounts for a customer contract when both parties have approved the arrangement and are committed to perform their respective obligations, each party's rights can be identified, payment terms can be identified, the contract has commercial substance and it is probable the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it is entitled. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of the promised product or service to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods and services.
Performance Obligations
The Company recognizes revenue when its performance obligation is satisfied. Each contract generally has one performance obligation, which is satisfied over time. The Company primarily accounts for its performance obligations under the series guidance, using the as-invoiced practical expedient when applicable. The Company applies the right to invoice practical expedient to record revenue as the services are provided, given the nature of the services provided and the frequency of billing under the customer contracts. Under this practical expedient, the Company recognizes revenue in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance completed to date and for which the Company has the right to invoice the customer. Certain arrangements include performance obligations which include variable consideration (primarily per transaction fees). For these arrangements, the Company does not need to estimate the variable consideration for the contract and allocate to the entire performance obligation; therefore, the variable fees are recognized in the period they are earned.
The following table presents revenue disaggregated by revenue source (in millions):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
FSS United States:
Business & Industry
$
1,627.2
$
1,407.2
$
1,081.2
Education
3,650.4
3,437.0
3,161.5
Healthcare(1)
1,620.3
1,667.7
1,581.4
Sports, Leisure & Corrections
3,981.2
3,537.1
2,722.0
Facilities & Other(1)
1,697.6
1,672.4
1,484.7
Total FSS United States
12,576.7
11,721.4
10,030.8
FSS International:
Europe
2,663.7
2,303.6
1,853.3
Rest of World
2,160.3
2,058.2
1,803.1
Total FSS International
4,824.0
4,361.8
3,656.4
Total Revenue
$
17,400.7
$
16,083.2
$
13,687.2
(1)
In fiscal 2024, management began reporting results for healthcare facility services within "Healthcare," whereas the results were previously reported within "Facilities & Other." As such, the "Healthcare" and "Facilities & Other" results for the fiscal years ended September 29, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were recast to reflect this change.
Contract Balances
The Company defers sales commissions earned by its sales force that are considered to be incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract tied to its food and facilities services. The deferred costs are amortized using the portfolio approach on a straight line basis over the average period of benefit, approximately 5.4 years, and are assessed for impairment on a periodic basis. Determination of the amortization period and the subsequent assessment for impairment of the contract cost asset requires judgment. Employee sales commissions are recorded within "Other Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 1).
Leasehold improvements and costs to fulfill contracts include payments made by the Company to enhance the service resources used by the Company to satisfy its performance obligation. These amounts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the contract period. If a contract is terminated prior to its maturity date, the Company is typically reimbursed for the unamortized amount. As of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, the Company had $835.6 million and $775.1 million of leasehold improvements capitalized in "Property and equipment, net" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cost to fulfill - Client is recorded within "Other Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 1).
Long-term prepaid rent is amortized over the contract period. If a contract is terminated prior to its maturity date, the Company is typically reimbursed for the unamortized amount. Long-term prepaid rent is recorded within "Operating Lease Right-of use Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 8).
The following table summarizes the location of the expense recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Income related to the Company's contract balances (in millions):
Fiscal Year Ended
Income Statement Location
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Employee sales commissions
Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
$
9.9
$
8.5
$
7.0
Leasehold improvements
Depreciation and amortization
131.0
129.8
123.9
Cost to fulfill - Client
Depreciation and amortization
16.7
17.7
19.5
Long-term prepaid rent
Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
52.2
47.5
34.8
Deferred income is recognized in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" and "Other Noncurrent Liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets when the Company has received consideration, or has the right to receive consideration, in
advance of the transfer of the performance obligation of the contract to the customer, primarily prepaid meal plans. The consideration received remains a liability until the goods or services have been provided to the customer, which are primarily prepaid meal plans. The Company classifies deferred income as current if the deferred income is expected to be recognized in the next 12 months or as noncurrent if the deferred income is expected to be recognized in excess of the next 12 months. If the Company cannot render its performance obligation according to contract terms after receiving the consideration in advance, amounts may be contractually required to be refunded to the customer.
During the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024, deferred income increased related to customer prepayments and decreased related to income recognized during the period as a result of satisfying the performance obligation or return of funds related to non-performance. For the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024, the Company recognized $302.0 million of revenue that was included in deferred income at the beginning of the period. Deferred income balances are summarized in the following table (in millions):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Deferred income
$
352.5
$
329.9
NOTE 10. EMPLOYEE PENSION AND PROFIT SHARING PLANS:
In the United States, the Company maintains qualified contributory and non-contributory defined contribution retirement plans for eligible employees, with Company contributions to the plans based on earnings performance or salary level. The Company also has a non-qualified retirement savings plan for certain employees. The total expense of the above plans for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 was $24.7 million, $23.1 million and $21.8 million, respectively. The Company also maintains similar contributory and non-contributory defined contribution retirement plans at several of its international operations, primarily in Canada and the United Kingdom. The total expense of these international plans for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 was $16.9 million, $13.4 million and $13.1 million, respectively.
The following table sets forth the fair value of plan assets and projected benefit obligation for the Company's single-employer defined benefit pension plans (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Fair Value of Plan Assets
$
140,992
$
125,757
Benefit Obligation
116,611
92,768
Funded Status
$
24,381
$
32,989
The fair value of plan assets for the Company's defined benefit pension plans as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 is as follows (see Note 17 for a description of the fair value levels) (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents include direct cash holdings, which are valued based on cost, and short-term deposits and investments in money market funds, for which fair value measurements are all based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are active. The fair value of the investment funds is based on the value of the underlying assets, as reported to the Plan by the trustees. They are comprised of a portfolio of underlying securities that can be valued based on trading information on active markets. The fair value is calculated by applying the Plan's percentage ownership in the fund to the total market value of the account's underlying securities and is therefore categorized as Level 2, as the Plan does not directly own shares in these underlying investments. Insurance contracts and real estate investments are valued based on unobservable inputs and are therefore categorized as Level 3.
Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans
The Company contributes to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements ("CBA") that cover its union-represented employees. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following respects:
a.Assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers.
b.If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers.
c.If the Company chooses to stop participating in some of its multiemployer plans, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.
The Company's participation in these plans for fiscal 2024 is outlined in the table below. The "EIN/Pension Plan Number" column provides the Employee Identification Number (EIN) and the three-digit plan number, if applicable. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act (PPA) zone status available in 2024 and 2023 is for the plans' two most recent fiscal year-ends. The zone status is based on information that the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan's actuary. Among other factors, plans in the critical and declining zone are generally less than 65% funded and projected to become insolvent in the next 15 or 20 years depending on the ratio of active to inactive participants and plans in the critical zone are generally less than 65% funded. The "FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented" column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan (FIP) or a rehabilitation plan (RP) is either pending or has been implemented. The last column lists the expiration date(s) of the CBA(s) to which the plans are subject. There have been no significant changes that affect the comparability of fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 contributions.
Pension Plan for Hospital & Health Care Employees Philadelphia & Vicinity
23-2627428/ 001
Critical and Declining
Critical and Declining
Implemented
344
333
353
No
1/31/2028
SEIU National Industry Pension Fund (2)
52-6148540/ 001
Critical
Critical
Implemented
160
230
794
No
4/14/2025 - 6/30/2025
Retail Wholesale & Department Store International Union and Industry Pension Fund(3)
63-0708442/ 001
Critical and Declining
Critical and Declining
Implemented
248
53
54
No
1/31/2025 - 6/30/2027
Other funds
7,461
7,479
6,736
Total contributions
$
16,325
$
15,820
$
14,549
(1)
Approximately 67% of the Company's participants in this fund are covered by a single CBA that expired on 7/7/2027.
(2)
Approximately 75% of the Company's participants in this fund are covered by a single CBA that expires on 4/14/2025.
(3)
Approximately 80% of the Company's participants in this fund are covered by a single CBA that expires on 6/30/2027.
The Company provided more than 5 percent of the total contributions for the following plan and plan years:
Pension Fund
Contributions to the plan exceeded more than 5% of total contributions (as of the plan's year-end)
Local 1102 Retirement Trust
12/31/2023, 12/31/2022, and 12/31/2021
At the date the Company's financial statements were issued, Forms 5500 were not available for the plan years ending in fiscal 2024.
NOTE 11. INCOME TAXES:
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, the Provision for Income Taxes from Continuing Operations represents income taxes payable or refundable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax bases in assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and enacted tax legislation. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets ("DTAs") when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.
The components of Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes by source of income are as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
United States(1)
$
234,926
$
119,543
$
(49,276)
Non-United States(2)
129,939
443,981
96,490
$
364,865
$
563,524
$
47,214
(1)
Fiscal 2024 includes gains from sale of equity investments (see Note 1).
(2)
Fiscal 2023 includes gains from sale of equity investments (see Note 1).
The Provision for Income Taxes from Continuing Operations consists of the following (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Current:
Federal
$
68,903
$
(5,119)
$
(23,014)
State and local
14,565
4,916
(851)
Non-United States
26,827
16,471
16,390
110,295
16,268
(7,475)
Deferred:
Federal(1)
(15,761)
90,769
17,600
State and local
2,915
7,199
(1,567)
Non-United States
5,523
2,190
(125)
(7,323)
100,158
15,908
$
102,972
$
116,426
$
8,433
(1)
Fiscal 2023 increase in deferred tax expense is a result of the utilization of tax credit carryforward assets.
Current taxes receivable of $3.8 million and $10.2 million at September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, respectively, are included in "Prepayments and other current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Current income taxes payable of $19.3 million and $24.5 million at September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, respectively, are included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Provision for Income Taxes from Continuing Operations varies from the amount determined by applying the United States Federal statutory rate to Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes as a result of the following (all percentages are as a percentage of Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
United States statutory income tax rate
21.0
%
21.0
%
21.0
%
Increase (decrease) in taxes, resulting from:
State income taxes, net of Federal tax benefit
3.8
1.7
5.2
Foreign taxes
3.3
1.7
18.4
Reduction of foreign valuation allowances
(0.7)
(0.6)
(11.5)
Permanent book/tax differences
2.6
(0.8)
13.2
Uncertain tax positions
0.4
0.8
5.4
Foreign tax credit valuation allowance
0.3
(0.8)
(1.5)
Sale of investments(1)
—
(0.5)
—
Pennsylvania Rate Change Impact
—
—
(8.1)
Tax credits & other
(2.5)
(1.8)
(24.2)
Effective income tax rate
28.2
%
20.7
%
17.9
%
(1)
Includes mainly capital tax gains related to the sale of the Company's equity investment in AIM Services Co., Ltd. offset by capital tax losses in certain investments in foreign entities.
The effective tax rate is based on expected income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to the Company in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. Judgment is required in determining the effective tax rate and in evaluating the tax return positions. Reserves are established when positions are "more likely than not" to be challenged and not sustained. Reserves are adjusted at each financial statement date to reflect the impact of audit settlements, expiration of statutes of limitation, developments in tax law and ongoing discussions with tax authorities. Accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are recognized as part of the income tax provision.
As of each reporting date, the Company considers existing evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact the need for valuation allowances against DTAs. During fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, the Company recorded a benefit to the "Provision for Income Taxes from Continuing Operations" within the Consolidated Statements of Income of $3.8 million, $3.8 million and $8.5 million, respectively, for the reversal of a valuation allowance at a subsidiary in the FSS International
segment. The valuation allowance reversal was driven by the Company's ability to utilize DTAs based on future taxable income expected due to business acquisitions. The Company continues to monitor operating performance and believes that based on future reversals of deferred tax liabilities ("DTLs") and future taxable income, it is more likely than not that the remaining NOL carryforwards and DTAs will be realized, except where a valuation allowance has been established.
During fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a net expense to the "Provision for Income Taxes from Continuing Operations" on the Consolidated Statements of Income of $76.7 million, of which $98.4 million reflects the capital gain on the sale of its AIM Services Co., Ltd. equity investment, offset by $21.7 million of capital losses resulting from the restructuring of certain foreign subsidiaries.
On July 8, 2022, Pennsylvania enacted a corporate net income tax rate reduction over a nine year period. The income tax rate for the 2022 and 2023 tax years are 9.99% and 8.99%, respectively. Starting with the 2024 tax year, the income tax rate is reduced by 0.50% annually until it reaches 4.99% for the 2031 tax year. The Company calculated the impact of the income tax rate reduction on the DTA and DTL balances at September 30, 2022 and recorded a net benefit of $3.8 million to the "Provision for Income Taxes from Continuing Operations" within the Consolidated Statements of Income during fiscal 2022.
As of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, the components of Deferred Income Taxes are as follows (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Deferred tax liabilities:
Derivatives
$
12,816
$
38,339
Property and equipment
2,023
—
Investments
—
13,864
Other intangible assets, including goodwill
580,138
556,708
Inventory
—
743
Operating Lease Right-of-use Assets
46,729
46,989
Computer software costs and other
23,283
23,172
Gross deferred tax liability
664,989
679,815
Deferred tax assets:
Investments
8,721
—
Inventory
6,261
—
Insurance
14,670
13,110
Property and Equipment
—
1,755
Employee compensation and benefits
93,102
103,839
Accruals and allowances
17,716
9,647
Operating lease liabilities
56,532
57,898
NOL/credit carryforwards and other
193,152
187,467
Gross deferred tax asset, before valuation allowances
390,154
373,716
Valuation allowances
(80,552)
(78,194)
Net deferred tax liability
$
355,387
$
384,293
Rollforward of the valuation allowance is as follows:
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Balance, beginning of year
$
(78,194)
$
(83,827)
Additions(1)
(5,810)
—
Subtractions(2)
3,452
5,633
Balance, end of year
$
(80,552)
$
(78,194)
(1)
The Additions are mainly driven by a valuation allowance recorded related to pension assets in the FSS International segment.
(2)
The Subtractions are mainly driven by the reversal of a valuation allowance based on future taxable income expected due to acquisitions of businesses in the FSS International segment.
DTLs of $375.4 million and $410.9 million as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, respectively, are included in "Deferred Income Taxes" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. DTAs of $20.0 million and $26.6 million as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, respectively, are included in "Other Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of September 27, 2024, certain subsidiaries have recorded DTAs of $72.1 million associated with accumulated federal, state and foreign NOL carryforwards. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state and foreign NOL carryforwards will not be realized. As a result, the Company has a valuation allowance of $48.2 million on the DTAs related to these state and foreign NOL carryforwards as of September 27, 2024. State NOL carryforwards generally will begin to expire in 2025 and foreign NOL carryforwards generally have no expiration date.
As of September 27, 2024, the Company has $61.7 million of FTC carryforwards, which begin to expire in 2027, along with $3.4 million of general business credits, which begin to expire in 2045, and $34.1 million of interest restriction carryforwards, which do not expire. The Company has a valuation allowance of $32.3 million on the DTAs related to FTC carryforwards as of September 27, 2024.
Undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries for which no DTL was recorded amounted to approximately $446.7 million and $364.4 million as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, respectively. The foreign withholding tax cost associated with remitting these earnings is $26.8 million and $22.7 million as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, respectively. Such amounts have not been accrued by the Company as it believes those foreign earnings are permanently reinvested.
The Company has $70.2 million of total gross unrecognized tax benefits as of September 27, 2024, of which $41.9 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate and $28.3 million would result in an adjustment to the DTL or payable.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits follows (in thousands):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
Balance, beginning of year
$
69,128
$
80,220
Additions based on tax positions taken in the current year
754
4,433
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years
3,370
—
Reductions for remeasurements, settlements and payments(1)
(1,493)
(13,636)
Reductions due to statute expiration
(1,571)
(1,889)
Balance, end of year
$
70,188
$
69,128
(1)
Fiscal 2023 includes a remeasurement of foreign tax credit assets that are available to reduce a position taken in prior years.
The Company has $14.1 million and $11.4 million accrued for interest and penalties as of September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and recorded $2.8 million, $1.7 million and $3.1 million in interest and penalties during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in "Provision for Income Taxes from Continuing Operations" on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company has $9.6 million of FTCs that will reduce the gross unrecognized tax benefit.
Unrecognized tax benefits are not expected to significantly change within the next 12 months.
Generally, a number of years may elapse before a tax reporting year is audited and finally resolved. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to United States federal, state or local examinations by tax authorities before 2015. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of or resolution of a particular tax matter, the Company does not anticipate any adjustments resulting from United States federal, state or foreign tax audits that would result in a material change to the financial condition or results of operations. Adequate amounts are established for any adjustments that may result from examinations for tax years after 2015. However, an unfavorable settlement of a particular issue would require use of the Company's cash and cash equivalents.
In response to the development of the global economy toward digitalization, the Organization for Economic Co-operation & Development (“OECD”) released the Pillar Two Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (“Pillar Two”). Under Pillar Two, multinational companies with consolidated revenue greater than €750 million will be subject to a minimum effective tax rate of 15.0% within each respective country. Guided by the OECD framework, more than 140 countries have agreed to enact Pillar Two legislation. The Company currently operates in several countries which will be subject to Pillar Two. Based on an analysis of the Pillar Two transitional safe harbours and the current financials, the Company does not expect Pillar Two to have a material effect. The Company will continue to monitor legislative developments and evaluate financial results for changes in the expected impact.
On November 5, 2024, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $500 million of Aramark's outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program does not have a fixed expiration date.
The following table presents the Company's cash dividend payments to its stockholders (in millions):
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Dividend payments
$
99.9
$
114.6
$
113.1
On November 8, 2024, an $0.105 dividend per share of common stock was declared, payable on December 12, 2024, to shareholders of record on the close of business on December 2, 2024.
The Company has 100.0 million shares of preferred stock authorized, with a par value of $0.01 per share. At September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023, zero shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding.
NOTE 13. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION:
On November 12, 2013, the Board of Directors approved, and the stockholders of Aramark adopted by written consent, the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Old 2013 Stock Plan"), which became effective on December 1, 2013 and the amended and restated Old 2013 Stock Plan was approved by the Board of Directors on November 9, 2016 and approved by the stockholders of Aramark on February 1, 2017 (as amended, the "2013 Stock Plan"). The 2013 Stock Plan provides that the total number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2013 Stock Plan is 25.5 million. On January 29, 2020, the Company's stockholders approved the Second Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, which amended and restated the 2013 Stock Plan. The Second Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan provides for up to 7.5 million of new shares authorized for issuance to participants, in addition to the shares that remained available for issuance under the 2013 Stock Plan as of January 29, 2020 that are not subject to outstanding awards under the 2013 Stock Plan. On February 2, 2021, the Company's stockholders approved the Third Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, which amended and restated the Company's 2013 Incentive Plan last amended on January 29, 2020. The Third Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan provides for up to 3.5 million of new shares authorized for issuance to participants, in addition to the shares that remained available for issuance under the 2013 Stock Plan.
On February 3, 2023, the stockholders of Aramark approved the Aramark 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2023 Stock Plan") to replace the 2013 Stock Plan. The 2023 Stock Plan provides for up to 8.5 million of new shares authorized for issuance to participants, in addition to the shares that remained available for issuance under the 2013 Stock Plan.
The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense and related information for Time-Based Options ("TBOs"), Retention Time-Based Options ("TBO-Rs"), Time-Based Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs"), Performance Stock Units ("PSUs"), Deferred Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") recorded within "Selling and general corporate expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Income (in millions).
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
TBOs
$
9.7
$
14.3
$
15.2
TBO-Rs
3.7
5.2
4.7
RSUs
32.5
43.5
48.8
PSUs
14.9
9.7
5.2
Deferred Stock Units
1.8
1.7
2.0
ESPP(1)
—
1.9
6.4
$
62.6
$
76.3
$
82.3
Taxes related to share-based compensation
$
10.2
$
13.0
$
14.2
Cash Received from Option Exercises/ESPP Purchases
36.6
45.6
43.0
Tax Benefit on Share Deliveries (2)
0.8
2.1
0.6
(1)
Share-based compensation expense related to the ESPP decreased during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 as the Company suspended its ESPP beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2023.
(2)
The tax benefit on option exercises, restricted stock unit and ESPP unit deliveries is included in "Accrued Expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
No compensation expense was capitalized. The Company applies an estimated forfeiture assumption of 9.0% per annum based on actual forfeiture activity, which was in effect during each of the fiscal years presented.
The below table summarizes the unrecognized compensation expense as of September 27, 2024 related to non-vested awards and the weighted-average period they are expected to be recognized:
Unrecognized Compensation Expense (in millions)
Weighted-Average Period (Years)
TBOs
$
16.7
2.80
TBO-Rs
2.5
0.89
RSUs
58.5
2.76
PSU
25.4
2.62
Total
$
103.1
Stock Options
Time-Based Options
The Company's annual TBO grants for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were awarded in November 2023, November 2022 and November 2021, respectively. The fiscal 2024 and 2023 TBO grants vest solely based upon continued employment over a four year time period. The fiscal 2022 TBO grants vest solely based upon continued employment over a three year time period. All TBOs remain exercisable for 10 years from the date of grant.
The fair value of the TBOs granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected volatility is based on the historic volatility of the Company's stock over the expected term of the stock options. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding and is calculated using the simplified method as permitted under Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules and regulations due to the method providing a reasonable estimate in comparison to actual experience. The simplified method uses the midpoint between an option's vesting date and contractual term. The risk-free rate is based on the United States Treasury security with terms equal to the expected life of the option as of the grant date. Compensation expense for TBOs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period during which employees perform related services.
The table below presents the weighted average assumptions and related valuations for TBOs.
Adjustments to Aramark awards related to the spin-off of Vestis(2)
2,553
Outstanding at September 27, 2024
7,907
$
26.14
$
97,284
5.9
Exercisable at September 27, 2024
5,704
$
25.34
$
74,707
5.0
Expected to vest at September 27, 2024
1,971
$
28.16
$
20,250
8.4
(1)
In connection with the spin-off of Vestis, all outstanding (vested and unvested) Aramark TBOs which had been granted to Uniform segment employees were converted into Vestis awards. These awards preserved the same intrinsic value, as well as general terms and conditions, of the original Aramark awards.
(2)
In connection with the spin-off of Vestis, all outstanding Aramark awards were adjusted to preserve the aggregate value of the awards as measured immediately prior to the spin-off.
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Total intrinsic value exercised (in millions)
$
15.3
$
12.0
$
6.4
Total fair value that vested (in millions)
10.6
15.7
13.8
Retention Time-Based Options
In September 2020, the Board of Directors granted special stock option awards for fiscal 2021 to its key business leaders. The option awards have exercise prices that are in all cases materially above the trading price of the Company's common stock as of the date of grant. The options are awarded in six tranches, with exercise prices that start at $25.24 and increase in $7.21 increments to a $61.29 exercise price. All options remain exercisable for 10 years from the date of grant. These awards will vest ratably on the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the grant date. The fair value of the TBO-Rs granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, following the same assumptions and methodology used to value the TBOs.
Adjustments to Aramark awards related to the spin-off of Vestis(1)
2,021
Outstanding at September 27, 2024
7,216
$
47.75
$
13,011
5.7
Exercisable at September 27, 2024
4,802
$
47.78
$
8,621
5.7
Expected to vest at September 27, 2024
2,318
$
47.70
$
4,216
5.7
(1)
In connection with the spin-off of Vestis, all outstanding Aramark awards were adjusted to preserve the aggregate value of the awards as measured immediately prior to the spin-off.
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Total intrinsic value exercised (in millions)
$
0.1
$
—
$
—
Total fair value that vested (in millions)
6.9
6.9
0.3
Time-Based Restricted Stock Units
The Company's annual RSU grants for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were awarded in November 2023, November 2022, and November 2021 respectively. For RSU grants awarded during or subsequent to November 2022 and prior to September 2020, the RSU agreement provides that 25% of each grant will vest and be settled in shares on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date, subject to the participant's continued employment with the Company through each such anniversary. For RSU grants awarded between September 2020 and October 2022, the RSU agreement provides that 33% of each grant will vest and be settled in shares on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the participant's continued employment with the Company through each such anniversary. The grant-date fair value of RSUs is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. Participants holding RSUs will receive the benefit of any dividends paid on shares in the form of additional RSUs. The unvested units are subject to forfeiture if employment is terminated other than due to death, disability or retirement and the units are nontransferable while subject to forfeiture.
Restricted Stock Units
Units (000s)
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at September 29, 2023
2,708
$
38.54
Granted
1,766
$
28.78
Vested
(1,364)
$
27.78
Forfeited
(328)
$
27.74
Awards transferred to Vestis at spin-off (1)
(576)
$
27.80
Adjustments to Aramark awards related to the spin-off of Vestis(2)
1,050
Outstanding at September 27, 2024
3,256
$
28.32
(1)
In connection with the spin-off of Vestis, all unvested Aramark RSUs which had been granted to Uniform segment employees were converted into Vestis awards. These awards preserved the same intrinsic value, as well as general terms and conditions, of the original Aramark awards.
(2)
In connection with the spin-off of Vestis, all unvested Aramark awards were adjusted to preserve the aggregate value of the awards as measured immediately prior to the spin-off.
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Total fair value that vested (in millions)
$
37.9
$
57.1
$
41.6
Performance Stock Units
Under the 2013 Stock Plan and 2023 Stock Plan, the Company is authorized to grant PSUs to its employees. A participant is eligible to become vested in a number of PSUs equal to a percentage, higher or lower, of the target number of PSUs granted based on the level of the Company's achievement of the performance condition. During fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the
Company granted PSUs subject to the level of achievement of adjusted revenue growth, adjusted earnings per share, actual return on invested capital and total shareholder return for the cumulative performance period of three years and the participant's continued employment with the Company over four years. The Company is accounting for the fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 grants as performance-based awards, with a market condition, valued utilizing the Monte Carlo Simulation pricing model, which calculates multiple potential outcomes for an award and establishes fair value based on the most likely outcome. The grant-date fair value of the PSUs is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. During fiscal 2022, the Company granted PSUs subject to the level of achievement of adjusted revenue growth, adjusted operating income growth and a total shareholder return multiplier for the cumulative performance period of three years and the participant's continued employment with the Company over three years. The Company also granted PSUs during fiscal 2022 subject to the level of achievement of actual return on invested capital for the cumulative performance period of three years and the participant's continued employment with the Company over three years. The Company is accounting for the fiscal 2022 grants as performance-based awards, with a market condition, valued utilizing the Monte Carlo Simulation pricing model. The grant-date fair value of the PSUs is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. No share-based compensation expense was recorded during fiscal 2022 related to PSUs granted during fiscal 2020 as the performance targets for the awards were not met.
On October 13, 2023, the Company's Compensation and Human Resources Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Committee"), pursuant to the terms of the Third Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan and to reflect the separation and distribution of the Company’s Uniform segment that occurred on September 30, 2023, approved amendments to the performance goals and performance periods for the Company’s outstanding PSUs. For the PSUs granted in fiscal 2022, which were subject to performance targets for the three-year period ending September 27, 2024, two-thirds of these PSUs became subject to new adjusted performance targets and an adjusted performance period for the two-year period ending September 29, 2023 and the remaining one-third of these PSUs became subject to new adjusted performance targets for the one-year period ending September 27, 2024. The PSUs granted in fiscal 2023, which were subject to performance targets for the three-year period ending October 3, 2025, were amended to be subject to adjusted performance targets primarily to reflect the Company on a post-spin off basis. The Committee also approved adjustments increasing the maximum aggregate number of shares authorized for awards under the 2023 Stock Plan by an additional 3.5 million shares.
Performance Stock Units
Units (000s)
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at September 29, 2023
898
$
44.32
Granted
727
$
32.16
Forfeited
(54)
$
30.42
Awards transferred to Vestis at spin-off (1)
(120)
$
29.18
Adjustments to Aramark awards related to the spin-off of Vestis(2)
347
Outstanding at September 27, 2024
1,798
$
30.56
(1)
In connection with the spin-off of Vestis, all unvested Aramark PSUs which had been granted to Uniform segment employees were converted into Vestis awards. These awards preserved the same intrinsic value, as well as general terms and conditions, of the original Aramark awards.
(2)
In connection with the spin-off of Vestis, all unvested Aramark awards were adjusted to preserve the aggregate value of the awards as measured immediately prior to the spin-off.
Deferred Stock Units
Deferred Stock Units are issued only to non-employee members of the Board of Directors and represent the right to receive shares of the Company's common stock in the future. Each Deferred Stock Unit will be converted to one share of the Company's common stock either on the first day of the seventh month after which such director ceases to serve as a member of the Board of Directors or at the director's election upon vesting. The grant-date fair value of Deferred Stock Units is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. The Deferred Stock Units vest on the day prior to the next annual meeting of stockholders (which is generally one year after grant). The Company granted 64,421 Deferred Stock Units during fiscal 2024. In addition, directors may elect to defer their cash retainer into Deferred Stock Units which are fully vested upon issuance.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On February 2, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Aramark 2021 ESPP. The ESPP allows eligible employees to contribute up to 10% of their eligible pay toward the quarterly purchase of the Company’s common stock, subject to an annual maximum dollar amount. The purchase price is 85% of the lesser of the i) fair market value per share of the Company’s common stock as determined on the purchase date or ii) fair market value per share of the Company’s common stock as determined on the first trading day of the quarterly offering period. Purchases under the ESPP are made in March, June, September, and December. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the ESPP may not exceed 12.5 million shares. There were 0.4 million and 1.3 million shares purchased under the ESPP during the fiscal years
ended September 29, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company suspended its ESPP beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2023.
NOTE 14. EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of stock awards.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company's stockholders (in thousands, except per share data):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Earnings:
Net income from Continuing Operations attributable
to Aramark stockholders
$
262,522
$
447,676
$
39,088
Income from Discontinued Operations, net of tax
—
226,432
155,396
Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders
$
262,522
$
674,108
$
194,484
Shares:
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
263,045
260,592
257,314
Effect of dilutive securities
3,155
2,002
1,760
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
266,200
262,594
259,074
Basic earnings per share attributable to Aramark stockholders:
Income from Continuing Operations
$
1.00
$
1.72
$
0.15
Income from Discontinued Operations
—
0.87
0.61
Basic earnings per share attributable to Aramark
stockholders
$
1.00
$
2.59
$
0.76
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Aramark stockholders:
Income from Continuing Operations
$
0.99
$
1.71
$
0.15
Income from Discontinued Operations
—
0.86
0.60
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Aramark
stockholders
$
0.99
$
2.57
$
0.75
The following table represents shares that were outstanding but were not included in the diluted earnings per common share (in millions):
Fiscal Year Ended
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Share-based awards(1)
8.9
8.3
8.7
PSUs(2)
1.2
0.8
0.4
(1)
Share-based awards were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share, as their effect would have been antidilutive.
(2)
PSUs were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share, as the performance targets were not yet met.
NOTE 15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:
The Company has capital and other purchase commitments of approximately $959.0 million at September 27, 2024, primarily in connection with commitments for capital projects to help finance improvements or renovations at the facilities in which the Company operates.
At September 27, 2024, the Company also has letters of credit outstanding in the amount of $85.3 million.
From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are party to various legal actions, proceedings and investigations involving claims incidental to the conduct of their business, including actions by clients, customers, employees, government entities and third parties, including under federal, state, international, national, provincial and local employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws,
environmental laws, ESG-related non-financial disclosure laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes, tax codes, antitrust and competition laws, consumer protection statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety and sanitation laws, cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti-corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws and alcohol licensing and service laws, or alleging negligence and/or breaches of contractual and other obligations. Based on information currently available, advice of counsel, available insurance coverage, established reserves and other resources, the Company does not believe that any such actions are likely to be, individually or in the aggregate, material to its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, in the event of unexpected further developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, or other similar matters, if unfavorable, may be materially adverse to the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company was involved in a dispute with a client regarding Aramark’s provision of services pursuant to a contract. During fiscal 2022, the Company resolved the matter by entering into a settlement agreement with the client whereby the Company's obligations totaled $13.6 million, resulting in a reversal of previously reserved amounts of $5.7 million, which is included in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
NOTE 16. BUSINESS SEGMENTS:
The Company reports its operating results in two reportable segments: FSS United States and FSS International. The Company defines its segments as those operations whose results the chief operating decision maker, identified as the Chief Executive Officer, regularly reviews to analyze performance and allocate resources. Approximately 84% of the global revenue is related to food services and 16% is related to facilities services. Financial information by segment is as follows (in millions):
Fiscal Year Ended
Revenue
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
FSS United States
$
12,576.7
$
11,721.4
$
10,030.8
FSS International
4,824.0
4,361.8
3,656.4
$
17,400.7
$
16,083.2
$
13,687.2
Fiscal Year Ended
Operating Income
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
FSS United States
$
659.9
$
650.0
$
435.1
FSS International
187.3
114.5
112.5
Total Segment Operating Income
847.2
764.5
547.6
Corporate(1)
(140.7)
(139.5)
(132.2)
Total Operating Income
$
706.5
$
625.0
$
415.4
(1) Corporate includes general expenses not specifically allocated to an individual segment and share-based compensation expense (see Note 13).
Fiscal Year Ended
Reconciliation to Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
Total Operating Income
$
706.5
$
625.0
$
415.4
Gain on Equity Investments, net
(25.1)
(376.0)
—
Interest Expense, net
366.7
437.5
368.2
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
* Includes amounts acquired in business combinations
Identifiable Assets
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
FSS United States
$
9,903.2
$
9,652.5
FSS International
2,586.4
2,250.8
Corporate(1)
184.8
1,843.1
Discontinued Operations
—
3,124.8
$
12,674.4
$
16,871.2
(1)
In anticipation of the separation and distribution of Vestis, the Uniform legal entity executed a cash dividend to Aramark Corporate of approximately $1.5 billion, resulting in an elevated level of identifiable assets within Corporate in fiscal 2023.
The following geographic data include revenue generated by subsidiaries within that geographic area and net property and equipment based on physical location (in millions):
Fiscal Year Ended
Revenue
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
September 30, 2022
United States
$
12,441.7
$
11,536.9
$
9,884.3
Foreign
4,959.0
4,546.3
3,802.9
$
17,400.7
$
16,083.2
$
13,687.2
Property and Equipment, net
September 27, 2024
September 29, 2023
United States
$
1,312.6
$
1,209.0
Foreign
260.6
217.0
$
1,573.2
$
1,426.0
NOTE 17. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are classified based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. The hierarchical levels related to the subjectivity of the valuation inputs are defined as follows:
• Level 1—inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets
• Level 2—inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument
• Level 3—inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company's financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable, borrowings and derivatives. Management believes that the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable and accounts payable are representative of their respective fair values. In conjunction with the fair value measurement of the derivative instruments, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio, as the gross values would not be materially different. The fair value of the Company's debt at September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 was $5,300.7 million and $6,606.7 million, respectively. The carrying value of the Company's debt at September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 was $5,271.5 million and $6,641.7 million, respectively. The fair values were
S-48
computed using market quotes, if available, or based on discounted cash flows using market interest rates as of the end of the respective periods. The inputs utilized in estimating the fair value of the Company's debt has been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy levels.
As part of the Union Supply acquisition completed in fiscal 2022 (see Note 3), the Company recorded a contingent consideration obligation based on the fair value of the expected payments with a separate amount that will be accounted for as compensation expense to be recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income over the earnout period. The Company performed a fair value assessment of the contingent consideration obligation based on the terms and conditions of the Union Supply purchase agreement, using internal models. The inputs utilized in estimating the fair value of the contingent consideration have been classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy levels and are subject to risk and uncertainty. The calculation of fair value is dependent on several subjective factors including future earnings and profitability. If assumptions or estimates vary from what was expected, the fair value of the contingent consideration liability may materially change. During fiscal 2023, the Company adjusted the contingent consideration liability to the fair value of the future expected payment, resulting in income of $37.3 million, which is comprised of the adjusted contingent consideration liability recorded as part of the acquisition and reversal of a portion of compensation expense previously recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income since the acquisition. The income is included in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2023. During fiscal 2024, the Company adjusted the remaining contingent consideration liability resulting in income of $9.0 million, which is included in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The contingent consideration liability at September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 was zero and $8.4 million, respectively.
As part of the Next Level acquisition completed in fiscal 2021, the Company recorded a contingent consideration obligation based on the fair value of the expected payments. The Company performed a fair value assessment of the contingent consideration obligation based on the terms and conditions of the Next Level purchase agreement, as amended, using internal models. The inputs utilized in estimating the fair value of the contingent consideration have been classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy levels and are subject to risk and uncertainty. During fiscal 2023, the Company adjusted the contingent consideration liability to the fair value of the future expected payment, resulting in income of $48.4 million, which is included in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income. During fiscal 2022, the Company paid $9.3 million related to the contingent consideration liability, which was for the calendar 2021 performance period. In addition, the Company adjusted the contingent consideration liability to the fair value of future expected payments during fiscal 2022, resulting in income of $20.7 million, which is included in "Cost of services provided (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)" on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The earnout period has ended and the fair value of the contingent consideration liability at September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 was zero.
SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 27, 2024, SEPTEMBER 29, 2023 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2022
(in thousands)
Balance, Beginning of Period
Charge/(Reversal) to Income (1)
Write-offs and Other (2)
Balance, End of Period
Description
Fiscal Year 2024
Allowance for credit losses
$
31,506
$
20,102
$
(17,349)
$
34,259
Fiscal Year 2023
Allowance for credit losses
$
27,288
$
17,573
$
(13,355)
$
31,506
Fiscal Year 2022
Allowance for credit losses
$
45,540
$
(7,788)
$
(10,464)
$
27,288
(1)
Represents an increase (or decrease) in the reserve for estimated future credit losses charged to expense.
(2)
Amounts determined not to be collectible and charged against the reserve and translation. These amounts do not impact the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Copies of any of the following exhibits are available to Stockholders for the cost of reproduction upon written request to the Secretary, Aramark, 2400 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.
Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K; included in Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL document set.
* Filed herewith.
† Identifies exhibits that consist of management contract or compensatory arrangement.
The XBRL instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because the XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and should not be relied upon for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by the Company in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.