How will approaching Quantum Computing change the world? 🤔🧐

As this is a lengthy text, please be careful as reading until the end may strain your eyes and head.

It is possible to achieve what was impossible with conventional computers.
There is also the risk of easily decrypting encryption systems.
By applying groundbreaking quantum physics that overturn common sense, it is possible to create a new type of computer with significantly higher processing power than conventional computers. Physicists were trying to theorize this about 40 years ago.
Since then, groundbreaking progress has accumulated, and now "quantum computing" is becoming a reality. The competition to develop accurate machines that can faithfully model complex real-world phenomena has led to significant advancements in various fields such as pharmaceutical development, financial modeling, and artificial intelligence (AI).

Generally, tasks that are too difficult to process in traditional computers due to too many input variables are typically assigned to experimental quantum computers. The most potential is seen in modeling complex systems where numerous movable components interact and change characteristics simultaneously.
For example, it is conceivable to accelerate drug development by replicating molecular behavior, or to enhance the accuracy of market predictions by simulating decision-making processes of economic entities and financial intermediaries.

On the other hand, quantum computers are considered less useful for labor-intensive but simple tasks that involve processing a relatively limited number of inputs sequentially, tasks that most of today's computers can perform.

D-Wave Quantum, based in Canada, first sold a quantum computer in 2011. In addition to IBM, Google, and Amazon Web Services (AWS) under Amazon.com, many startups are developing quantum computers.
Recently, companies such as Microsoft have been making progress towards the development of scalable and practical quantum supercomputers. Intel has started shipping silicon quantum chips with transistors (quantum bits) that are 1 million times smaller than other quantum bits to research institutions.

Google, IBM, as well as startups like Universal Quantum and Cyquantum, claim to be developing practical quantum supercomputers by the mid-2020s.
As part of its proactive efforts in this field, China is in the process of constructing the National Quantum Information Science Institute by investing 10 billion dollars (about 1.57 trillion yen).

Similar to traditional computers, quantum computers perform calculations using small circuits. However, unlike traditional computers that perform calculations sequentially, quantum computers can operate rapidly by performing parallel calculations.
Conventional computers process information in units called bits. A bit can represent one of two states – whether a part of the computer chip called a 'logic gate' is open or closed. Traditional computers must assign some value to previous information before moving on to process the next set of information.
In contrast, due to the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, the quantum bits of a quantum computer do not need values assigned until the computer completes all calculations. This is known as 'superposition.' While traditional computers can only represent one of eight states with 3 bits (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111), a 3-qubit quantum computer can process all of them simultaneously.

This concept is known as 'entanglement.' It allows quantum computers to process a vast amount of information at a significantly faster rate than classical computers.
A 4-qubit quantum computer can theoretically process 16 times the amount of information of a traditional computer of the same size, and the processing power doubles with each additional quantum bit. This is why quantum computers can process exponentially more information than conventional computers.

When designing a standard computer, engineers spend a lot of time ensuring that the state of each bit is independent of all the other bits' states.

However, quantum bits are entangled. This means that the characteristics of one bit depend on the characteristics of the surrounding quantum bits. This is an advantage as quantum bits can transmit information more quickly among themselves when working together to reach a solution.
When a quantum algorithm is run, if conflicting (thus inaccurate) results come from quantum bits, they cancel each other out, amplifying compatible (thus more likely) results.
This phenomenon is called 'coherence', enabling the computer to derive the most likely correct answer.

Good job.